Tumor is one of the most serious problems threatening people's life in the 21 st century. Antitumor vaccine becomes a hot research spot of tumor therapy for low toxicity, specificity and durability. Efficient recognization and presentation of tumor antigen contribute to the foundation of an powerful anti-tumor immunologic response. Along with the deepen apprehension of the immunity mechanism and high development of the biochemical technology, a great number of new vaccines emerge and show us some favors. And DNA vaccine and DC vaccine attract most sights for their advantage in antigens expression and presentation.They become the strong weapon for tumor immunity therapy. This is a review about the mechanism, development and current problem of DNA vaccine and DC vaccine.

Mast cells (MCs) play a key role in the pat hogenesis of allergic diseases. Tissue MCs are originated from hematopoietic ste m cells in bone marrow. In recent years, it was reported that human mast cells c ould be differentiated from stem cells of umbilical cord blood. In this review, we summarize the development in this novel area.

AIM: To investigate the actions of trypsi n on the secretion of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) from human lung e pithelial cells. METHODS: A549 cells were cultured in a 12-well culture plate. Th e challenge was performed by addition of various concentrations of trypsin or tr ypsin inhibitor into each well, respectively. After 2 h, 8 h or 16 h, the reacti ons were terminated by removal of the supernatant from each well. A sandwich ELI SA was used to determine the levels of MCP-1 in supernatants. RESULTS: Following 16 h incubation, trypsin was able to induce c oncentration-dependent secretion of MCP-1. As low as 3 ?g/L trypsin was able to induce MCP-1 release from epithelial cells, and the maximum of accumulated rele ase of MCP-1 was observed with 100 ?g/L trypsin, which was 3 fold more than bas eline release. However, trypsin at 300 ?g/L did not induce significant MCP-1 se cretion. Soybean trypsin inhibitor (SBTI) inhibited trypsin-induced MCP-1 secret ion, but ? 1-antitrysin (? 1-AT) did not. The time course showed that the actions of trypsin initiated at 2 h and reached their peak at 16 h. CONCLUSION: Trypsin is a potent secretogogue of MCP-1 release fr om cultured human lung epithelial cells, and itself action can be inhibited by S BTI.

OBJECTIVE:The pharmaceutics of Amikacin(AMK)in old patients with respiratory system infections was studied to provide a basis for clinical use.METHODS:Fluorescence polarizing immunoassay method was employed to detect blood drug concentration.RESULTS:The blood concentration-time curve of AMK fitted in with the two-compartment mod?el.The T 1/2? and AUC of AMK in the healthy volunteers and old patients with respiratory system infections were(2.14?0.81)h and(4.32?1.05)h(P

The PICC application in tumor chemotherapy patients has the advantages of simple operation, long time of implanting catheter, small pain and protect vein. They can ensure the chemotherapy smoothly, and further promotion in the clinical application, but when the patients took the tube back, the complications increased significantly. Health education is the mail channel for patient and family to get the major way to maintain PICC knowledge and skills. Through literature review of PICC health education at home and abroad, in our country, according to the present situation of PICC health education, the health education model, method and effect evaluation were summarized and looked for the problems in the present education of PICC health education. It can provide a basis for exploring new pattern of health education for improving the sevice life of the catheter and the patients’ life quality.

ObjectiveTo explore clinical characteristics of fatality cases of hand foot and mouth disease caused by enterovirus 71 (EV71),and to improve the diagnosis and treatment of the disease.Methods Sixteen children infected with EV71 were retrospectively reviewed.Clinical manifestation,laboratory data and death causes were analyzed.ResultsAll cases were younger than four years,and the mean age was 18.9 months.Seasonal variations in incidence were observed,with a peak in incidence during the summer season.These cases typically presented with a brief duration of febrile illness,nonspecific neurological signs including headache,vomiting,limb tremor and convulsions.After two to four days,they all got sudden deterioration,manifested with tachycardia,poor peripheral perfusion,tachypnea and transient hypertension.After intubation,they all had pink frothy or blood from the endotracheal.Tweleve of them died from pulmonary edema or pulmonary hemorrhage,and acute refractory cardiac dysfunction.The other four of cases died from brain stem encephalitis.Atypical presentation such as absence of skin rash should alert the physician.Total white cell count,blood glucose and cardiac troponin I were raised significantly.The protein raised in cerebrospinal fluid.ConclusionHand foot and mouth disease caused by EV71 progresses rapidly.The primary site of attack is the central nervous system,particularly the brainstem,and the cause of death are neurogenic pulmonary edema and/or hemorrhage,acute refractory cardiac dysfunction.

In this paper, a new imaging method to determine the position of blood effusions or edemas in the deep position of the brain by using electric current flowing through the brain is presented. Its principle is that the existence of non-normal matters in the brain cause a disturbance to boundary potentials, while a low frenqency current flows through the brain. In terms of the measurement for the change value of boundary potentials a reconstruction for the blood effusion or the edema in the deep position of the brain can be done.

0.05) before administration and after 8 weeks and 16 weeks of administration. Cell pyknosis and neurodegeneration in substantial nigra were observed in the PQ+MB group for 8 weeks and 16 weeks (P

Objective To investigate the effect of pre-emptive intrathecal (IT) administration of L-NAME, a non-selective nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor on calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) expression in the dorsal horn of spinal cord in a rat model of neuropathic pain. Methods Ninety-six female adult SD rats weighing 220-310 g were randomly divided into four groups with 24 animals in each group : group A received IT 0.9% NaCl 15 min before sham operation; group B received IT 0.9% NaCl 15 min before right sciatic nerve ligation; group C received IT L-NAME 250 mg in 10?l 15 min before sham operation and group D received IT L-NAME 250 ?g in 10 ?l15 min before sciatic nerve ligation. The animals were anesthetized with intraperitoneal pentobarbital 50 mg?kg-1. A PE-10 catheter was placed in subarachnoid space with the tip of the catheter reaching the lumbar enlargement region. The animals were allowed to recover for 3-4 days and only those waking normally were used in the study. Right sciatic nerve was exposed and four loose ligatures were placed on the sciatic nerve according to the method described by Bennet. In sham operation the sciatic nerve was exposed but not ligated. The animals were sacrificed on the 1 st, 4 th, 7 th and 14 th day after operation. The lumbar segment of spinal cord was immediately removed. The CGRP expression in the ligated-side dorsal horn was assessed with immuno-histochemistry technique. Results In group B and D CGRP expression in the ligated side dorsal horn was significantly increased on the 4th, 7th and 14th day after operation as compared with that in group A. There was no significant difference in the CGRP expression in the ligated side dorsal horn between group A and C as well as between B and D. Conclusion Pre-emptive IT administration of L-NAME cannot inhibit the increase in CGRP expression in dorsal horn induced by peripheral nerve injury, suggesting that the neuropathic pain mediated by NO is not related to the release of calcitonin gene-related peptide.

Objective To investigate the actions of PAR1 agonists and thrombin on the secretion of monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 from human lung epithelial cells. Methods A549 cells were cultured in a 12-well culture plate. The challenge was performed by addition of various concentrations of PAR1 agonist peptides SFLLR and its reverse peptides RLLFS, thrombin or thrombin inhibitor named hirudin into each well, respectively. After 2 h or 16 h, the reactions were terminated by removal of the supernatant from each well. A sandwich ELISA was used to determine the levels of MCP-1 in supernatants. Results Following 16 h incubation, SFLLR could induce concentration-dependent secretion of MCP-1. The maximum release of MCP-1 was nearly 12-fold more than baseline release. The reverse PAR1 agonists had little effects on MCP-1 release. Thrombin could induce concentration-dependent secretion of MCP-1. As low as 3 000 U/L thrombin could induce MCP-1 release from epithelial cells, and the maximum of accumulated release of MCP-1 was observed with 10 000 U/L thrombin, which was 5-fold more than baseline release. Thrombin inhibitor hirudin could inhibit thrombin induced secretion of MCP-1. The time course showed that the actions of PAR1 agonist peptides SFLLR and thrombin initiated at 2 h and reached their peak at 16 h. Conclusion PAR1 agonist peptides and thrombin are potent secretogogue of MCP-1 release from cultured human lung epithelial cells, and PAR1 antagonists and thrombin inhibitor may possess the ability to inhibit airway inflammation.