Objective To study the association of sex, body mass index and insulin resistance with serum leptin in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods one hundred and eight patients were divided into two groups according to BMI: diabetic obese group and diabetic normal BMI group.Their weight and height were measured. Fasting plasma glucose(FPG),fasting true insulin(FTI),postprandial true insulin(PTI),and fasting serum leptin(LEP) were also measured. ISI=1/(FPG?FTI) as insulin sensitivity index were used to analyse the relation between leptin and insulin resistance. Results ⑴The serum leptin,body mass index,FTI and PTI were significantly higher in diabetic obese group than diabetic normal BMI group. ISI was significantly lower in diabetic obese group than diabetic normal BMI group. ⑵Female serum leptin levels were significantly higher than male serum leptin levels in diabetic obese group and diabetic normal BMI group. ⑶Fasting leptin was correlated with sex. Leptin was positively corrected with body mass index,FTI and was negatively corrected with ISI. Serum leptin wasn't correlated with FPG. Conclusin Serum leptin level is associated with sex,BMI and insulin resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Objective To explore the influence of allergic rhinitis (AR) on patients with systemic onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis (SoJIA).Methods The study involved 44 cases with SoJIA from Department of Pediatrics,Renji Hospital affiliated to School of Medicine of Shanghai Jiaotong University from July 2008 to November 2013.The Clinical and laboratory data of all patients were recorded respectively.This was a retrospective cohort study.According to the diagnosis of allergic rhinitis (AR),children were subdivided into AR group (16 cases) and Non-AR group (28 cases).ACR Pediatric criteria (ACR Pedi) 30/ 50/70 and related indicators of SoJIA between the two groups were compared.In the AR group,the correlation between AR scores and DAS28 was analyzed.When SoJIA of the two groups relapsed,the AR group (the treatment group) received anti-rheumatism for arthritis as well as nasal spray and oral antihistamines for AR.The non-AR group (control group) only received the anti-rheumatism for arthritis.The improvement of SoJIA between the two groups was analyzed.The continuous variables were analyzed by Student's t-test or the MannWhitney U-test as appropriate.Categorical data were compared between different groups by the Chi-square test.Correlations were determined by Pearson or Spearman's ranking.Results ① In the retrospective analysis:the physician's and patients'/parents' general assessment on a 10 cm visual-analogue scale (VAS),number of joints with res-triction of movement,number of swollen joints,ESR,serum ferritin(SF) and childhood health assessment questionnaire (CHAQ) score were significantly elevated in the AR group compared with Non-AR group at the disease onset [(6.7±1.0) cm vs (4.8±1.9) cm; (6.5±1.4) cm vs (3.2±1.5) cm; 4.1±2.7 vs 2.7± 1.7; 3.4±2.4 vs 1.4±1.5; (87±35) mm/1 h vs (61±40) mm/1 h; (888±1 043) μg/L vs (311±324) μg/L; 1.6±0.5 vs 0.7±0.3,respectively; all P＜0.05].At the 3 and 6 months follow-up after disease onset,the proportion of patients who reached ACR pedi 50,70 in AR group were lower than the Non-AR group,while the cumulative glucocorticoid dose was higher in the AR group than that of those without AR [at 3 months 38％ vs 71％; 13％ vs 46％; (76±35) mg/kg vs (43±36) mg/kg,respectively; at 6 months 25％ vs 71％; 19％ vs 64％; 127±57 vs 67±58,respectively,all P＜0.05]; In the AR group,at the disease onset,3 and 6 months follow-up after disease onset,the scores of AR was positively correlated with DAS28(r=0.741,0.703,0.680,respectively; all P＜0.05).② In the prospective study:when SoJIA was relapsed,systemic feature score,the physician's and patients' /parents' general assessment on a l0 cm VAS,number of joints with restriction of movement,number of swollen joints,ESR,SF and CHAQ score were significantly elevated in the treatment group compared with the control group [3.8±1.5 vs 2.1±1.1; (5.6±1.5) cm vs (4.5±1.6) cm; (4.6±1.9) cm vs (3.1±1.5)cm; 3.9±1.9 vs 2.5±1.4; 2.4±0.9 vs 1.5±1.2; 92±27 vs 53±37; 565(339,1 192) μg/L vs 171(85,284) μg/L; 13(0.8,1.6) vs 0.7(0.5,1); respectively; P＜0.05].The improvement rate of the physician's and patients'/parents' general assessment on a 10 cm VAS,number of swollen joints,number of joints with restriction of movement,ESR and CHAQ score at the follow-up 3 months were higher in treatment group than the control group [71(55,86)％ vs 46(0,75)％; 67(45,81)％ vs 28(-4,62)％; 92(77,96)％ vs 70(27,88)％; 65(48,81)％ vs 0(-17,67)％; 100(46,100)％ vs 42(0,100)％; 67(49,85)％ vs 37(0,75)％; P＜0.05].At the follow-up 6 months,the improvement rate of ESR,patients'/ parents' general assessment on a 10 cm VAS,number of joints with restriction of movement and CHAQ score were higher than control group [94(85,96)％ vs 73(33,85)％; 89(65,99)％ vs 63(5,85)％; 100(100,100)％ vs 100(0,100)％; 91(69,100)％ vs 72(11,91)％; respectively,P＜0.05].Conclusion AR may exert an adverse influence on SoJIA.SoJIA patients who are treated with combined with AR may have better outcome than those who are only treated for arthritis.

Objective:To investigate the articulation characteristics of /n/ and /l/ consonant disorder and seek for a therapy method.Methods:Listening judge and sound examine were used to investigate the category and /n/ and /l/ consonant's word groups and sentences for 16 patients.Chinese articulation and articulation pathology study were conducted.The new method of articulation therapy including tongue movement training, articulation training of consonant /n/ and /l/.The therapy was performed 3 times a week, 40 min for each time. Results:After treatment the speech intelligibility of the 16 patients increased from 75.8% to 98.8%, /n/ and /l/ consonant's intelligibility increased from 45.0% to 98.1%.Conclusions:The therapy is effective in the improvement of speech intelligibility,especially in articulation of consonant /n/ and /l/.

Aim To explore the effects of hypertension on the contractibility of rat basilar artery and its inter-actions with the sodium pump activity.Methods The basilar artery was respectively isolated from Wistar and SHR rats,and the isometric tension of arterial rings was measured by Multi Myograph System-610M.The cont-ractibilities of arterial rings induced by KCl or 5-HT were compared between the basilar arteries of the two groups of rats to analyze the effect of hypertension on the cerebral vascular tension and the activity of sodium pump.Results In SHR rats,the concentration-re-sponse curves of the contraction of isolated basilar ar-tery rings induced by KCl and 5-HT were significantly shifted to right,and the relaxation of vascular tone in-duced by K+which was reintroduced from the external was attenuated compared with those in the WR.These results suggested that hypertension could significantly decrease the activity of the sodium pump and the con-tractile responses of KCl and 5-HT.OUA could con-tract the basilar artery in a concentration-dependent manner,and its concentration-response curve was opti-mally fitted by a two-site binding model:Kd was 1.7 ×10 -8 and 1.6 ×10 -5 mol·L-1,respectively.The results indicated that the two different function sodium pumps existed in the rat basilar artery:one with the high OUA affinity and the other with the low OUA af-finity.If the high and low affinity sodium pumps were inhibited by 5 ×10 -7 and 10 -4 mol · L-1 OUA,re-spectively,the concentration-response curves of KCl and 5-HT would shift to left in SHR rats but not in WR rats.It suggested that OUA could enhance the contrac-tion induced by KCl and 5-HT significantly,and a concentration-dependent effect was observed in the SHR vascular contraction induced by 5-HT (r =0.9393 ,P<0.05 ).When the two concentrations of OUA were applied,there was no significant difference in the shift left of the concentration-response curves in-duced by KCl in the SHR cerebral vessels.However, the marked difference was shown in the shift left in-duced by 5-HT.The results implied that only the high affinity sodium pump was involved in the contractile re-sponse of SHR cerebral vascular to KCl,whereas,the contractile response of SHR cerebral vascular to 5-HT was induced by both high and low affinity sodium pumps.Conclusion Hypertension could lower the contractile response of the basilar artery to vasocon-strictors,and the mechanism might relate to the de-creased sensitivity of the sodium pump induced by hy-pertension or the increased sensibility of the sodium pump to OUA.

Objective To find out a treatment with high remission rate,long living period,and a good quality of life for elderly patients with multiple myeloma.Methods All patients were recruited into a treatment group(treated with traditional Chinese medicine,routine chemotherapy,and thalidomide)and a comparison group(treated with traditional Chinese medicine and routine chemotherapy).Results The total effective rate of the treatment group was 71.4%,higher than the comparison group(38.5%),but showing 110 statistical difference(P=0.128＞0.05).Median survive time of two groups were 21.8 months and 12 months respectively,(P=0.001＜0.01).The survival rate of 3 years and 5 years were 28.6%,15.4%and 7.1%,0 in the two groups respectively,without significant difference(0.317,1.000,both P＞0.05).Conclusion The treatment group showed higher results in both complete remission rate(CR)and very good partial remission rate(VGPR)than the comparison group,demonstrating a better results in improving the patient's quality of life.The treatment group also had a higher value of the median survive time and the median progression-free surial time than the comparison group.The combined therapy of traditional Chinese medicine,routine chemotherapy and thalidomide is an ideal choice for both aged Patients or young MM patients who had no transplant conditions.

Purpose To investigate the expression of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and PI3K/AKT signaling pathway associated gene protein p70S6K1, VEGF in prostate cancer and adjacent tissues, and to determine their relationship with micro-vascular density ( MVD) , as well as the relationship between themselves. Methods The expression of ROS was detected by immunofluorescence, and the expression of p70S6K1, VEGF and MVD counting were detected by immunohistochemistry. Results Compared to adjacent tis-sues, the expression of ROS, p70S6K1, VEGF and MVD in PCa were increased considerablely (P<0. 05). In prostate cancer the ex-pression of ROS were positively correlated to the expression of p70S6K1, VEGF protein, and the expression of ROS and p70S6K1, VEGF were positively correlated to the number of MVD. Conclusion (1)The expression level of ROS in prostate cancer tissues was significantly higher than adjacent tissues. (2) The expression of PI3K/AKT pathway associated gene protein p70S6K1, VEGF protein and MVD counting in prostate cancer tissue was higher than the adjacent tissues, suggesting PI3K/AKT signaling pathways may play a role in tumor angiogenesis. (3) The expression of ROS and PI3K/AKT pathway associated gene protein p70S6K1, VEGF and MVD counting in prostate cancer tissues was positively correlated, suggesting that ROS may play a positive regulatory role for the development of prostate cancer by PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.

Objective To evaluate the inlluence of atopy on juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA).Methods The study involved 117 cases with JIA from Department of Pediatrics,Renji Hospital Affiliated to School of Medicine of Shanghai Jiaotong University from Jul.2008 to Jul.2013.These patients were enrolled for retrospective cohort study,and subdivided into JIA and atopic group or JIA and non-atopic group.There were 34 cases combined with atopy,83 cases without atopy.Based on the diagnosis of allergic rhinitis (AR),those JIA children in the atopic group were organized into AR group (19 cases) and non-AR group (15 cases).The clinical and laboratory data were recorded and analyzed to compare the differences of the remission of American College of Rheumatology Pediatric (ACR Pedi) 30/50/70 between atopic group and non-atopic group,AR group and non-AR group.In AR group,the correlation between AR scores and disease activity score (DAS28) was analyzed.Results 1.The physician's and patients'/parents' general assessment on a 100 mm visual-analogue scale (VAS),number of joints with restriction of movement and childhood health assessment questionnaire (CHAQ) were significantly elevated in atopic group compared with controls at the beginning (all P ＜ 0.05).In the follow-up 3 months after disease onset,the proportion of reaching ACR Pedi 30,50 and the proportion of reaching ACR Pedi 50,70 in 6 months later in JIA with atopy were lower than JIA children without atopy (all P ＜ 0.05) ; In the follow-up 3 and 6 months,the cumulative glucocorticoid dose was higher in atopy group compared with Non-atopy,which showed a statistical significance (all P ＜ 0.05).2.Among the AR group,at the disease onset,the physician's and patients'/parents' VAS,number of joints with restriction of movement and CHAQ were elevated in AR group compared with controls with statistical significance (all P ＜ 0.05).In the follow-up 3 months,the proportion of reaching ACR Pedi 30 and 50 was lower in AR group compared with non-AR group.In the follow-up 6 months,the cumulative glucocorticoid dose was higher in AR group compared with non-AR,which showed a statistical significance.But the ratio of ACR Pedi 30,50 and 70 were lower in AR group compared with non-AR group (all P ＜ 0.05).Among JIA combined with AR,at the beginning,follow-up 3 and 6 months after disease onset,the scores of AR positively correlated with DAS28 (r =0.671,0.518,0.496,all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Atopy or AR may exert an adverse influence on JIA.

Objective To evaluate of the clinical efficacy of two kinds of methods extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy in treatment of ureteral calculi. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the data of 108 patients with acute renal colic and ureteral stones (calculi diameter<2 cm) from March 2011 to April 2013. The patients were divided into two groups. 69 cases in A group underwent emergency positioning urography ureteral catheterization combined extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, 39 cases in B group underwent emergency extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy. Results A group:lithotripsy was successful in 63 cases among 69 cases at the first time,the first success rate was 91.33% (63/69), the second success rate was 94.2%(65/69),2 cases of retrograde ureteroscopy failed, 2 cases of self-discharge after intubation stones, the recurrent renal colic rate was 14.3%(9/63),the use of analgesic drugs rate was 11.1%(7/63) . B group:the first success rate of stone clearance rate was 74.4%(25/39),the second success rate of stone clearance rate was 87.2%(34/39),5 cases underwent ureteroscopy lithotripsy, the renal colic recurrence rate was 20.5% (8/39), the use rate of analgesic drugs was 15.4% (6/39) . Conclusion Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy assisted by urography through retrograde ureteral catheterization has satisfying therapeutic effect in treatment of patients with ureteral calculi.

The paper is aimed to provide a novel index, named as multidimensional spatial triangular area, for the evaluation of the release-absorption correlation of multiple component traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs). The applicability of the method was demonstrated by the example data. The method and standard practice for evaluation of the release-absorption correlation for western medicines with single compound could not be applied to TCMs with multiple components. The release percentage or absorption percentage of the multiple components for TCMs at the sampling time was a point in the multidimensional space. The area of the triangle formed byt the sequential three points rrepresented the changing characteristics of the components' release and absorption kinetics. The side lengths of the triangle could be calculated from the spatial distances between each two of the sequential three points. Then the triangle area could be obtained by the side lengths. The in vitro release-in vivo absorption correlation of the multiple components could be represented by the correlation between the integrating values of the release triangle areas and that of the absorption triangle areas. The results of the examples indicated that the multidimensional spatial triangular area method could treat the multiple components in a holistic way, in line with the holism the hi he TCMs. Therefore, the multidimensional spatial triangular area method provided new methodology for the release-absorption correlation of the TCMs with multiple components.

Objective To evaluate the gastroesophageal reflux symptom in patients who underwent continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) and the efficacy of proton pump inhibitor (PPI) in treating gastroesophageal reflux. Methods Fifty-eight CAPD patients with good clinical and complete dialyzed eondition,who was admitted to the hospital between Jan. 2008 and July 2008, were inquired about their gastroesophageal reflux symptoms using reflux disease questionnaire (RDQ). The patients who had RDQ≥6 and <12 were received esomeprazole 20 mg daily, while those with RDQ≥12 were received esomeparzole 20 mg twice daily. RDQ score was reevaluated 4 weeks after treatment.Results The common symptom was regurgitation (64.70%), followed by acid reflux (52.9 %), non-cardic chest pain (47.1. %) and heart burn (17. 6%). After 4-week treatment, the RDQ was significantly decreased (P< 0. 05). But there was no difference in outcome of treatment between patients with RDQ≥ 12 and RDQ< 12 (P=0. 059). Conclusion The gastroesophageal reflux symptom in CAPD patients can be relieved by PPI administration, but a larger clinical trial is needed to evaluate the course and efficacy of treatment.