BACKGROUND:Mechanical experiment of finite element numerical simulation is the effective method to research the biomechanical structure of human body. OBJECTIVE:To establish the three-dimensional finite element model of a normal 6-year-old child’s humerus. METHODS:CT images of a 6-year-old child volunteer were imported to the Mimics 10.01 software. The threshold segmentation method was used to rebuild the humerus three-dimensional model. The surface optimization treatment and surface patches dicision were performed on the surface of the model with Geomagic Studio 12.0 software. Then the mesh generation was completed in the software TrueGrid. Final y, the material properties were set and the finite element model was completed. The boundary conditions and constrains were exerted to simulate the three-point-bending test of humeurs. After the simulation, the results were outputted. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The humerus finite element model included 3 024 nodes and 18 758 nodes-hexahedron elements. The 0.01 m/s and 3 m/s dynamic loads were loaded respectively, then the central humerus fracture occurred and the load-displacement curve was close to the cadaver test results. The simulation results show that the simulation results of children humerus finite element model are close to the cadaver’s test, and the finite element simulation method can simulate the physical properties of the human skeleton very wel .

BACKGROUND:Studies have shown that the finite element method could preferably simulate the biomechanical analysis for the object with complicated structures and irregular shapes. The similarities for the finite element model have great influences on the results of the analysis. However, to construct an ideal model is the most time-consuming and complicated portion for the finite element analysis. OBJECTIVE:To construct a finite element model for the maxilary first molar and the periodontal tissue, and to provide a basis of biomechanical researches of the maxilary first molar. METHODS: A volunteer with complete mandibular dentition and healthy periodontal tissue was selected in this study. Cone-beam CT was scanned. The images were saved as DICOM format. These images were imported to the medical modeling software Mimics. The surface model for the maxilary first molar and the alveolar bone was constructed. The model was then imported to GiD for pre-processing. Thus, the complete three-dimensional finite element model for the maxilary first molar and the periodontal tissue was constructed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:A finite element model for bilateral maxilary first molar, periodontal ligament and maxilary alveolar bone was constructed, including 896 035 nodes and 4 881 067 elements. This model has restored the geometric shape and the structure of the research object. This study successfuly constructed finite element models of maxilary first molar and the periodontal tissue, which can be a basis of biomechanical researches for the maxilary first molar and the periodontal tissue under the effect of different clinical orthodontic forces.

Objective To explore the inhibitory effects of Zibu Piyin Recipe(ZBPYR)serum on neuron apoptosis induced by tunieamyein(Tm,5 μg/ml)and its mechamsm in vitro by using sero-pharmacological method.Method Totally 12 healthy adult male SD rats(220～250 g)(SPF)were divided randomly into control group and ZBPYR group,6 in each group,then the blank and ZBPYR serum were prepared.The mouse.neuroblastoma cell line Neum2a cells were treated with Tunicamycin(Tin,an inhibitor of N-glycoslytion)to establish the endoplasmic reticulum(ER)stress model.The cells treated by ZBPYR aerum of different concentrations were interventional groups,and the cells treated by blank serum were control group.The viability of Neuro2a cells was meusurcdd by MTT assay.Flow cytometry wus applied to observe the apoptosis of Neuro2a cells.Western blotting was utilized to detect the protein expressions of two molecules,ER molecular chaperone-ucose regulated protein 78(CRP78)and transcriptional factor CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-homologous protein(CHOP).The results were analyzed by sNK-q test.Results Compared to Tm group(cell viability 0.1673±0.0213,apoptotic rate 62.7050±1.4056),The cell viability of interventional groups(5%0.5295±0.0373,10%0.5843±0.0428,15%0.6274±0.0324)increased significantly(P<0.05);and the apoptotic rate(5%47.8733±2.8166,10%46.3366±1.2748,15%39.8833±1.0524)reduced significantly(P<0.05).The protein expressions of GRP 78(5%2.1228±0.2251,10%1.3293±0.9443,15%;15%0.0931±0.1168)and CHOP(5%1.1776±0.2927,10%0.7290±0.1708,15%0.6577±0.1883)of interventional groups reduced significantly compared with Tm group(GRP78 2.9149±0.5355;CHOP 1.6611±0.2913)P<0.05.Condusions ZBPYR serurn could increase the cell viability of Neuro2a cells treated with Tm and inhibit cell apoptosis.Thereby it may have neuroprotective effects,and the mechanism may be associated with the inhibition of ER stress and apoptosis pathway.

Aim To investigate the antiarrhythmic mechanism of taurine-magnesium coordination com-pound on abnormal sodium current channel ( INa ) in-duced by hypoxia-reoxygenation in ventricular myocytes of rats. Methods Single ventricular myocytes were i-solated from each rat heart using enzymatic dissociation through Langendorff retrograde aortic perfusion. Whole-cell patch clamp was applied in voltage clamp mode to record INa both in normal ventricular myocytes and single ventricular myocytes of arrhythmia induced by hypoxia-reoxygenation. Results The peak density of INa was changed from ( 56. 89 ± 2. 07 ) pA/pF to (35. 05 ± 1. 52) pA/pF( n=6, P <0. 01 vs control) by hypoxia-reoxygenation with the INa I-V curve shifting upward. TMCC(200, 400 μmol·L-1)was able to re-store the reduction caused by H/R to (35. 78 ± 1. 95) pA/pF, (41. 52 ± 0. 86) pA/pF, (n=6,P <0. 01) and (48. 34 ± 0. 99) pA/pF(n=6,P<0. 01) respec-tively, but not at 100 μmol·L-1(n=6, P>0. 05), in a concentration-dependent manner, while amioda-rone restored it to (39. 44 ± 1. 24) pA/pF (n=6,P<0. 01 ) . Both high concentration of TMCC and amioda-rone could shift the I-V curve downward. In addition, TMCC and amiodarone could restore the INa inactivation curve and slow down its inactivation, whereas the acti-vation curves showed no significant differences among groups. Conclusion TMCC(200,400 μmol·L-1) could restore the H/R induced INa reduction and shift the I-V curve downward by inhibiting steady-state inac-tivation, which is suggested to be one of the mecha-nisms of the antiarrhythmic effects of TMCC in hypoxia-reoxygenation model.

Objective To analyze the relationship between biochemical level and severity levels and clinical,duration of disease in patients with Parkinson Disease (PD).Methods 69 patients with PD and 69 healthy persons of similar sex and age were selected in the research.Serum uric acid and lipids levels were examined and compared.Results The serum uric acid,triglycerides,total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were (322.48 ± 66.18) μmol/L,(1.22 ± 0.86) mmol/L,(4.70 ± 0.92) mmol/L and (3.00 ± 0.85) mmol/L in control group,and (384.23 ± 88.28) μmol/L、(1.64 ± 0.94) mmol/L、(5.37 ± 1.31) mmol/L、(3.53 ± 1.03) mmol/L in control group.The differences are significant (t =-4.68,P =0.000;t =-2.74,P =0.007;t =-2.74,P =0.007;t =-3.49,P =0.001;t =-3.27,P =0.001).Serum UA concentration and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C),LDL-C were lower in patients with Parkinson's disease in duration of disease more than 3 years than those in duration of disease less than 3 years (t =3.373,P =0.001;t =2.440,P =0.017).The serum UA levels of any stages of PD patients were lower than the control group (P ＜ 0.05) according to Hoehn-Yahr staging.All lipid levels in early and middle stage PD disease patients were lower than those in control group (P ＜ 0.05).Serum UA,total cholesterol and HDL-C in female PD patients were (305.69 ± 54.25) μmol/L,(4.99 ± 0.95) mmol/L,(1.25 ± 0.27) mmol/L,and (339.76 ± 73.40) μmol/L,(4.41 ± 0.81) mmol/L,(1.06 ± 0.19) mmol/L in male patients.The difference is significant (t =2.198,P =0.031;t =-2.721,P =0.008;t =-3.266,P =0.002).Multivariate logistic regression models assessed lower uric acid concentrations is the risk of PD (OR =1.01,95％ CI 1.004 ～ 1.015,P =0.001).Conclusion Biochemical level changed differently in Parkinson disease and uric acid reduction could be a risk factor for PD.

Objective To explored high-risk HPV genotyping PCR testing whether as a feasible means for the early screening of cervical cancer and precancerous lesions. Methods From January 2013 to June 2014, 15 192 outpatients in China-Japan Friendship Hospital voluntary were tested by high-risk type HPV genotyping PCR. The average age of them were (33±8) years old. High-risk HPV types genotyping PCR tested by fluorescence PCR technology,in which 13 kinds of high-risk HPV subtypes were detected,
including HPV16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59 and 68. A total of 4 315 cases of them were tested by the liquid-based cytology (LCT), among them with positive of high-risk HPV genotyping tested by PCR (n=2 366) were biopsy under colposcope (648 cases) in those LCT results were positive or LCT negative but HPV16 positive or LCT negative but had the clear clinical symptoms or and non-HPV16 positive but with clear clinical symptoms. (1) Analysis high-risk HPV infection status of 15 192 women.(2)As the pathological diagnosis was the gold standard in the diagnosis of cervical lesions, analysis of the relationship among high-risk HPV infection,virus loads and cervical lesions. (3) To evaluated the value of high-risk HPV genotyping PCR tested method in screening of cervical cancer and precancerous lesions. Results ⑴ Of 15 192 cases tested by high-risk HPV genotyping PCR, 2 366 cases were HPV positive (HPV infection), the overall infection rate was 15.57%(2 366/15 192), in which a single subtype of HPV infection in 1 767 cases, infection rate was 11.63%(1 767/15 192), and multiple subtypes of HPV infection (two and more subtypes HPV infection) in 599 cases, infection rate was 3.94%(599/15 192). The HPV16, 52 and 58 infections were the most common HPV subtypes in 13 subtypes, the infection rate was 3.95% (600/15 192), 2.86%(435/15 192) and 2.67% (406/15 192), respectively. (2) The most relevant subtypes with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)Ⅱand even higher lesion were HPV16, 52 and 58, accounted for 57.7%(154/267) of all above CINⅡlesions. The most relevant subtype with the cervical glandular intraepithelial neoplasia (CGIN) Ⅱ or above lesions was HPV18, 3 cases with CGIN Ⅱ or above lesions were all single HPV18 infection. The pathologic examination positive percentage of patients which HPV virus loads≤103 copys/104 cells was 18.2%(25/137), while the pathologic examination positive proportion was 33.3%(247/742) which HPV virus loads≥104 copys/104 cells , there was statistically significant difference between them (χ2=27.06, P=0.000).(3)Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value for detection of CINⅡ or above using HPV genotyping PCR were 96.11%, 85.76%, 30.94% and 99.70%, respectively. Conclusions There were a guiding significance for high-risk HPV genotyping PCR tested in screening of cervical cancer and precancerous lesion. HPV16, 52 and 58 were related to the severe cervical squamous epithelial lesions, while HPV18 was related to cervical severe glandular cell pathological changes. HPV genotyping is feasible and economical as the first choice of opportunistic screening in tertiary hospitals.

Objetive The present study was aimed to explore the risk factors of mid-term cognitive decline in pa?tients with indexed TIA/minor stroke (NIHSS≤3) in a Chinese hospital-based cohort. Methods We recruited all consec?utive Chinese TIA/minor stroke patients from July to December in 2012 and followed them up in stroke clinics at 3 and 18 months after indexed TIA/minor stroke. The outcome was defined as significantly cognitive decline at 18 months com?pared with that at 3 months. Results A total of 209 consecutive Chinese TIA/minor stroke cases completed their fol?low-up investigation. Among them, 24 (11.5%) exhibited significantly cognitive decline. The independent risk factors of cognitive decline post TIA/minor stroke were education years (OR=0.869,P=0.021), atrial fibrillation(OR=5.950, P=0.001) and multiple silent lacunar infarcts (OR=5.179,P=0.020). Conclusion It is necessary to evaluate the cognition among TIA/minor stroke cases and a close follow-up is required for patients with atrial fibrillation and multiple silent la?cunar infarcts frequently in order to decrease the risk of cognitive decline post TIA/minor stroke.

Objectives Brain atrophy plays a key role in post-stroke dementia. The current study aims to explore risk factors for brain atrophy in different regions in order to find the ultimate therapeutic strategy. Methods Consecutive stroke and/or transient ischemic attack (TIA) patients were recruited from July 2012 to June . The clinical features, neuro?imaging findings and risk factors were collected during hospitalization. Logistic regression analysis showed that, except for age, female gender (Odds ratio, OR=2.447, P=0.007) and the number of silent lacuna infarcts (OR=1.414, P=0.027) were independent risk factors for frontal lobe atrophy. Ischemic stroke history (OR=2.224, P=0.024) was the independent risk factor for parietal lobe atrophy. All of extra-/intracranial larger artery diseases (OR=2.584, P=0.015) and white mat?ter severity score (OR=1.112, P=0.007) as well as the number of silent lacuna infarcts (OR=1.158,P=0.042) were inde?pendent risk factors for medial temporal lobe atrophy. Moreover, diabetes (OR=2.109, P=0.001),atrial fibrillation (OR=1.934, P=0.015) and white matter severity score (OR=1.098, P=0.002) were independent risk factors for global brain atro? phy. Conclusion Risk factors for brain atrophy included diabetes,atrial fibrillation, silent lacuna infarcts and white mat?ter changes. We should pay more attention to those patients with above risk factors in order to slow down the progression of brain atrophy and also prevent them from dementia by early interventions.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of Chinese drugs for tonifying Shen on the bioactivity, cell proliferation, invasion and differentiation of human cytotrophoblast of early pregnancy.

METHODSThe human early pregnant cytotrophoblast was cultured in vitro, and treated with saline (as blank control) and drug containing serum in different concentrations (5%, 10% and 20%) respectively. The changes of morphology, proliferation and invasive capacity of cells were examined by scanning electron microscopy, MTT method, flow cytometry, Transwell invasive assay at 24 hrs, 48 hrs and 72 hrs after treatment.

RESULTSAfter cells being cultured with drug containing serum, the cytotrophoblast became abundant in microvilli, with more and prolonged pseudopodia. The cell absorbency in 490 nm wave length increased significantly (P < 0.01), cells of sub-G1 and G2/M phase obviously decreased and that of S phase increased (P < 0.01), and the cells penetrated through PET membrane in each visual field significantly increased (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONChinese herbs for tonifying Shen could promote the proliferation and invasive capacity of cytotrophoblast and might influence its differentiation.

Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; drug effects ; Cell Division ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Female ; Fertility Agents, Female ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Trimester, First ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Trophoblasts ; cytology

Objective To explore the key techniques used for surveillance and disposal of infectious diseases,food poisoning and hospital infection to improve the ability of surveillance and disposal on public health emergency.Methods Framework on surveillance and disposal of infectious diseases,food poisoning and hospital infection was set up,based on literature review and expert group discussion.Delphi method and technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution comprehensive evaluation method were used for ordering preference by similarity,to screen key techniques set for surveillance and disposal of the above said events.Results Framework to be used for selecting key techniques was designed,based on the classification of emergency events,processing cycle of emergency events and level of techniques.Twenty six public health experts were selected for a 2-round consultation,with their authority as 0.796.Ten key techniques with important significance for surveillance and disposal of infectious diseases,food poisoning and hospital infection were selected from each event.Among these key techniques,the early-warning system was recognized as the key technique,important for the surveillance and disposal of all three emergency events.Items as technology used for unknown pathogenic microorganism detection,personal protection,gene sequencing and tracing technology,microorganism molecular typing technology,nucleic acid detection technology etc.were the key techniques and need to develop for the surveillance and disposal of infectious diseases and iatrogenic infection.Data regarding key technologies on security and privacy,early warning and forecasting,field rapid detection were sorted out that all in need to improve the surveillance programs on disposal of infectious diseases and food poisoning.Data exchange appeared another key technique on infectious diseases,with toxin detection and other 5 techniques the key techniques for food poisoning.Data collection,standardization and other 3 techniques appeared as the key techniques on iatrogenic infection.Conclusions Key techniques were selected in this study to meet the requirements of surveillance,disposal of infectious disease,food poisoning and iatrogenic infection.Authority of the experts got improved in the two-round consultation,ensuring the reliability of the results of screening and providing a scientific basis for the further research and priority development of the key techniques.