One of the focuses in bone and cartilage tissue engineering research is to find suitable seed cells. Embryonic stem cells derived from the inner cell mass of blastocysts possess unique characteristics such as unlimit- ed capacity of proliferation and the potential to differentiate into diverse cell types (pluripotentiality), which make them a promising cell source for tissue engineering. In this paper, the progress in the study on embryonic stem cell differentiating directly into osteoblasts and chondrocytes is introduced. The prospects and difficulties of using em- bryonic stem cells as seed cells for tissue engineering are also discussed.

0.05). ② Significantly positive correlation was found between serum testosterone and fasting insulin (r=0.693, P

Objective To investigate the in vitro effects of KAAD-cyclopamine, a specific inhibitor of hedgehog signaling pathway, on the growth and apoptosis of human squamous cell carcinoma cell line A431. Methods A431 cells were cultured and treated with KAAD-cyclopamine(0.5, 1, 2, 5 μmol/L).Then, MTT assay was used to detect the proliferation of A431 cells, and light microscopy to observe cell morphology at different time points with a 24-hour interval. Flow cytometry was used to assess cell cycle,and annexin-V/propidium iodide double staining to evaluate the apoptosis in these cells after 48 hours of treatment with KAAD-cyclopamine. Results KAAD-cyclopamine of 0.5, 1, 2 and 5 μmol/L inhibited the proliferation of A431 cells by (7.0±2.3)%, (20.6±2.8)%, (48.3±3.4)% and (61.6±3.3)%, respectively (F = 49.92, P＜0.01 ). Furthermore, in the presence of KAAD-cyclopamine of 5 μmol/L, on day 1, 2, 3, 4,and 5 the proliferation of A431 cells was suppressed by (18.5±2.6)%, (56.1±3.7)%, (65.4±2.8)%,(71.2±1.9)% and (75.9±3.0)%, respectively, the difference was significant among these time points(F =16.32, P＜0.01 ). Statistical analysis showed that KAAD-cyclopamine downregulated the growth of A431 cells in a dose-and time-dependent manner (r = 0.91, 0.86, P＜0.01 and 0.05, respectively). Light microscopy revealed typical morphological changes of cell damage in A431 cells. KAAD-cyclopamine in creased the percentage of cells in G1 phase from (51.8±2.9)% to(76.2±1.8)% (F = 26.34, P＜0.01 ), the proportion of hypoploid cells from (1.7±0.3 )% to (8.7±0.2)% (F = 6.32, P＜0.05 ), which suggested that KAAD-cyclopamine could arrest A431 cells in G1 phase of the cell cycle. The apoptosis ratio in KAAD-cyclopamine-treated cells was significantly higher than that in the untreated control [ (46.2±2.8)% vs (18.5±3.1 )%, F = 32.01, P＜0.01 ]. Tomatidine treatment did not affect the proliferation or apoptosis of A431 cells (both P＞0.05).Conclusion KAAD-cyclopamine can markedly suppress the proliferation and induce apoptosis of A431 cells.

Objective To investigate the effect of enteral nutrition support on prognosis in patients with severe acute stroke.Methods Ninety-eight cases of severe acute stroke were divided into nutrition supported group(50 cases) and control group(48 cases) randomly.All patients were treated by conventional therapy.Nutrition supported group received high energy nutrition diet and control group received common liquid diet by nasal feeding.The levels of hemoglobin,serum albumin,neurologic impairment score (NIHSS)and the incidence rates of complications were assessed at the 1st,10 th and 21st day after admission.Results Hemoglobin was (122.5 ± 2.4),(106.4 ± 2.8) g/L and serum albumin was (36.5 ± 4.7),(34.2 ± 5.1) g/L at the 21st day after admission in nutrition supported group and control group,and there was significant difference between two groups (P < 0.05).The complication rate in control group was higher than that in nutrition supported group (P< 0.05).NIHSS score was(8.45 ± 3.02) scores in nutrition supported group and (10.24 ± 2.57)scores in control group at the 21st day after admission,and there was significant difference between two groups (P <0.05).Conclusion Early enteral nutrition support can significantly improve nutritional status and decrease the incidence rates of complications in patients with severe acute stroke,and it is helpful for clinical prognosis.

Objective To investigate the etiology,characteristics of upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) in China,and to investigate the main causes of different population.Methods Literature on the causes of UGIB were retrieved and screened according to strict inclusion and exclusion standards.Results A total of 15733 UGIB patients were enrolled in the study.The most common causes of UGIB were duodenal ulcer (31.2％),gastric ulcer (15.2％),acute gastric mucosal lesions (AGML) (12.0％),cancer (11.7％),and esophageal varices (11.3％).The incidences of duodenal ulcer,gastric ulcer,AGML,esophageal varices,cancer were 32.3％,15.1％,12.1％,7.2％,and 12.5％ before 2006,and 29.7％,15.4％,11.1％,15.3％,and 10.9％ after 2006.The ratio of male to female was 3.25: 1.The most common causes of UGIB in older patients were gastric ulcer,cancer,AGML,duodenal ulcer,esophageal varices,while those in children were duodenal ulcer,gastric ulcer and AGML.Conclusion Peptic ulcers,AGML,cancer and esophageal varices were the most common causes of UGIB in China.The causes of UGIB have changed significantly in the past 5 years (P ＜0.01).

Cystic echinococcosis is one of the most widespread and severe zoonotic helminthic diseases .To understand the phylogeny and genetic polymorphism Echinococcus granulosus (E .granulosus) prevailed in south region of Qinghai Prov-ince ,partial fragment of cytochrome oxidase Ⅰ (COX Ⅰ ) gene sequences were used to infer the phylogenetic relationship of 59 collected samples of E .granulosus in Qinghai Province .Total 72 sequences (13 sequences from GenBank) were aligned using CLUSTAL X ,and then ,Bayesian analyses were performed in Mrbayes-3 .1 .2 .The results revealed that Echinococcus spp .isolates did not form a monophyletic group .The most samples clustered with E . granulosus strain (G1) (AB297617) , but showed high genetic polymorphism .Another three samples clustered with E .multilocularis (AB018440) ,while they showed complex phylogenetic relationships among them ,further indicating that Echinococcus spp .isolates from Qinghai Prov-ince may has a more complex evolutionary history than expected .

Objective To investigate the possibility and mechanism of ~ 125 I in treatment of glioma. Methods SHG-44 glioma cells were cultivated in vitro, the inhibitory effect of ~ 125 I on SHG-44 cell proliferation was determined by MTT method. The stereotactic method was used to establish the rat intracranial glioma model. The MRI was performed at 1st week after implantation and ~ 125 I was implanted in the glioma area, the MRI was performed to measure the diameter of tumor 2 weeks after implantation. The rats were killed after 2 weeks ,PCNA gene experession was determined with immunohistological method both in control and experiment group.Results one week after implantation the glioma grew,the results of MTT method showed the growth of the SHG-44 was inhibited, ~ 125 I inhibited the expression of PCNA gene and enlonged the rat survival period. Conclusion ~ 125 I can inhibit the growth of glioma ,the mechanism may be concerned with its inhibitory effect on PCNA gene expression.

Objective To optimize the extraction process of volatile oil and inclusion preparation of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin from compoundJinling Sini Siwu Shixiaosan Granules.Methods The orthogonal approach of L9 (34) was applied to investigate the volume of volatile oil extraction by 3 factors to obtain the optimum extraction conditions. With inclusion rate of volatile oil and yield of inclusion compound as comprehensive evaluation indexes, the optimum preparation conditions were discussed. The characterization of this prepared inclusion was analyzed by TLC.Results The optimum extraction conditions were as follows:the crude medicine with medicinal powder was shattered into 20 meshes;8 times the amount of water was added and was extracted for 8 h. The best inclusion conditions were as follows:the proportion of volatile oil to HP-β-CD was 1∶6, with inclusion temperature of 30℃, grinding time of 2 h. Analysis results of TLC showed that stable inclusion compound was formed from volatile oil and HP-β-CD.Conclusion The optimized extraction process and inclusion preparation are with stable quality and high feasibility.

AIM:To study the senescence of human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECs) and Bcl-2,Bax gene expression associated with apoptosis induced by angiotensinⅡ(AngⅡ).METHODS:HUVECs were cultured in vitro and the cell viability was observed by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium(MTT).HUVECs were intervened by AngⅡ and valsartan(AngⅡ type 1 receptor blocking) and divided into 3 groups:the control group,AngⅡ group(stimulated with AngⅡ10-6mol/L for 48 h),valsartan group(valsartan was added to cells 1 h before 10-6mol/L AngⅡ treatment).?-gal staining aod cell cycle analysis were used to identify the cell aging status.Morphologic changes and percentage of apoptosis were assayed with Hoechst33258 under fluorescent microscope.The expressions of Bcl-2 and Bax,and the apoptosis-associated genes were detected by immunocytochemical staining,RT-PCR and Western blotting.RESULTS:The cell viability by AngⅡ-induced cells was(81.9%?4.1)%,the positive cell number of ?-gal staining was significantly higher in AngⅡ-induced cells(80.10%?6.81)% than that in the control cells.The cell cycle was at G0-G1(91.36%?6.45)%,the apoptotic cells significantly increased(31.84?2.86)% under fluorescent microscope.In valsartan group,Bcl-2 mRNA and protein expression increased markedly(P

The teaching model of Problem-Based Learning(PBL)is quite effective in developing the students’learning capacity, analytical and problem resolution skill and their ability to think independently and logically. The article summed up the instructional design, implementation of training and teaching effectiveness of PBL teaching model in medical microbiology.