BACKGROUND: Graphene oxide (GO) has good conductivity, adsorption, biocompatibility and stability of aqueous solution, and its functional groups are beneficial to its chemical functionalization.OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of acellular nerve allograft modified by GO in the repair of sciatic nerve injury in rats.METHODS: Firstly, the biocompatibility of GO was detected in 10 Sprague-Dawley rats, and then the GO/acellular sciatic nerve graft complex (GO20) was prepared in another 15 Sprague-Dawley rats. Forty Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into sham operation group, GO20 group, acellular nerve allograft group (empty frame group) and autologous transplantation group (rotation group), with 10 rats in each group, and were subjected to corresponding transplantation or rotation experiment. The biological and functional experimental system was used to detect sciatic nerve action potentials.The wet mass ratio of the gastrocnemius (the operated side/the contralateral side) was measured by analytical balance.The morphology of the sciatic nerve scaffold was observed by transmission electron microscopy.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: During the 10 weeks of observation, the rats in each group had no abnormal food/water intake and no abnormal performance in the presence of normal motor activity, and there was also no significant difference in the body mass. Liver function results indicated that GO had good biocompatibility. The nerve action potential peak value, ratio of maximum tension on the operated side/the contralateral side, gastrocnemius wet mass ratio,myelin sheath thickness, and axon diameter in the GO20 group were significantly higher than those in the empty frame group and rotation group (P < 0.05). To conclude, GO can modify the acellular nerve allograft to repair sciatic nerve injury by promoting regeneration of the injured nerves.

Objective To investigate the surgical management of unsuspected gallbladder carcinoma (UGC) after laparoscopic cholecystectomy ( LC ). Method The clinical data of 11 cases of UGC incidently found after LC from October 2003 to August 2009 were retrospectively analyzed. Results According to Nevin staging, 2 cases were stage Ⅰ , 6 cases were stage Ⅱ , 2 cases were stage Ⅲ and 1 case was stage Ⅳ.Four cases were treated by LC,including 2 cases with stage Ⅰ and 2 cases with stage Ⅱ ;another 7 cases were treated by radical resection after LC. All patients were followed up for 1-66 months after operation, 2 cases with stage Ⅰ were observed alive up; 2 cases with stage Ⅱ treated by LC died less than 3 years after operation, 3 of the 4 cases with stage Ⅱ treated by radical resection were alive up, only 1 died in 21 months after operation; 2 cases with stage Ⅲ died in 8 months and 10 months respectively, 1 case with stage Ⅳ died in 1 month after operation. Conclusions It is difficult to diagnose the UGC preoperatively. LC is sufficient for patients with Nevin stage Ⅰ , radical resection after LC is required for patients with stage Ⅱ or more advanced stage. If tumors are located in the neck of gallbladder, radical resection is required regardless of their stage.

Objective To explore the impact of nutritional risk on short-term clinical outcomes after laparoscope-assisted radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer.Methods The retrospective case-control study was conducted.The clinical data of 150 patients who underwent laparoscopic gastrectomy at the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University between June 2014 and April 2016 were collected.According to nutritional risk screening 2002 (NRS 2002),42 and 108 patients were respectively divided into the nutritional risk group (NRS 2002 score ≥3) and non-nutritional risk group (NRS 2002 score ＜3).Laparoscope-assisted radical subtotal gastrectomy or total gastrectomy was performed based on tumor location.Observation indicators:(1) postoperative short-term clinical outcomes:postoperative complications,duration of postoperative hospital stay,hospital expenses,unplanned readmission within 30 days after discharging.Postoperative complications meant total complications within 30 days postoperatively,grade Ⅰ-Ⅴ of Clavien-Dindo grade was complication classification.Grade Ⅱ and above of Clavien-Dindo grade were analyzed in this research.(2) Risk factors analysis affecting occurrence of postoperative complications of patients.Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as x±s and analyzed using the independent-sample t test.Measurement data with skewed distribution were described as M (Qn) and analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test.Categorical variables were described as number and percentage and analyzed by the chisquare test.Ranked data were analyzed by the Mann-Whitney U test.Univariate analysis was done by the chi-square test.P＜0.1 of univariate analysis was used to multivariate analysis.COX regression model in multivariate analysis was built using progressive condition method.Results (1) Postoperative short-term clinical outcomes:number of patients with total complications,number of patients with severe complications,duration of postoperative hospital stay,hospital expenses and number of patients with unplanned readmission within 30 days after discharging were 9,2,11 days (9 days,16 days),57 825 yuan (51 894 yuan,66 908 yuan),2 in the nutritional risk group and 16,3,11 days (9 days,13 days),55 067 yuan (49 395 yuan,62 423 yuan),8 in the non-nutritional risk group,respectively,with no statistically significant difference between the 2 groups (X2=0.952,0.010,Z=-1.133,-1.691,X2 =0.048,P＞0.05).Results of univariate analysis showed that age was a risk factor affecting incidence of complications after laparoscope-assisted radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer (X2 =4.468,P＜ 0.05).Results of multivariate analysis showed that preoperative hypoproteinemia was an independent risk factor affecting incidence of complications after laparoscope-assisted radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer (OR =2.797,95％ confidence interval:1.053-7.435,P＜0.05).Conclusion There is little poor impact of nutritional risk on short-term outcomes after laparoscope-assisted radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer,preoperative hypoproteinemia is an independent risk factor affecting occurrence of grade Ⅱ and above of postoperative complications.

Objectives To evaluate the impact of virtual hepatectomy and computer-assisted risk analysis on surgical planning and intraoperative strategy for major hepatectomy.Methods Twentytwo consecutive patients (17 males and 5 females) were admitted to the hospital from January to December in 2010 for complicated major hepatectomy.CT scanning was performed with 64-MSCT.All the data of imaging were transferred to the Myrian(R) XP-Liver system (IntrasenseR,France).The following steps were undertaken by a radiologist and a surgeon majoring in liver surgery: step 1,image analysis and 3-D reconstruction; step 2,virtual resection and liver volumetry; step 3,computer-assisted risk analysis for hepatic dysfunction,followed by adjustment of the operative planning.Results The three-dimensional reconstruction models of the liver by the Myrian(R) XP-Liver system were visualized.The ideal simulation effect was achieved comparing the virtual imaging with the actual operation.Of the 22 patients who underwent complicated major hepatectomy,complete tumor removal (R0 resection) was achieved in 20 patients.There were 2 patients who received a R1 resection as microscopic tumor cells were found at the cutting margin of the right portal vein and bile duct.No patient died during the hospital stay.After computer-assisted risk analysis,the operative planning and surgical strategies were changed in 6 patients.Conclusions The application of the hepatic three-dimensional reconstruction and virtual hepatectomy using the Myrian(R) XP-Liver system provided important preoperative data for good preoperative planning and intraoperative strategy in complex hepatectomy.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of bladder perfusion with sodium hyaluronate combined with ultrashort wave irradiation in bladder region in treatment of glandular cystitis.Methods 22 patients diagnosed as typical glandular cystitis were selected from our hospital between March 2013 and March 2013. Those patients were given bladder perfusion with sodium hyaluronate combined with ultrashort wave irradiation in bladder region according to the designed course. The lesion areas were taked photos and bited samples for microscopic observation and HE staining.The evaluation indicators include pelvic pain and urgency/frequency symptom scores,cystitis histologic scores ,infiltrating lymphocyte counts, Brunn nest or cystica counts and residual urine volume were measured in the self-control expertiment before treatment and after. Results Over the course of treatment, above mentioned indicators had significant improvement compared with original data among those patients (P<0.01).Only 1 patient appeared itchy skin two times after bladder perfusion with sodium hyaluronate, others without serious complications. Conclusions The method that bladder perfusion with sodium hyaluronate combined with ultrashort wave irradiation has clear effect without serious complications.This method provides a new train of thought for glandular cystitis and opens up a new space.

Objective To study the expression of the long non-coding RNA-BC043614 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and to analyse the relationship between the clinical pathological data and the prognosis of PDAC.Methods The clinical data of 42 patients who had PDAC treated from June 2013 to June 2014 were retrospectively analyzed.Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) was performed to detect the difference in expression of lncRNA-BC043614 between PDAC and its adjacent normal tissues.Correlation between the expression of lncRNA-BC043614 in PDAC and the clinical pathological characteristics was analyzed by the x2 test.The potential of lncRNA-BC043614 in predicting prognosis in patient with PDAC after operation was assessed using the Log-rank test and the Cox's proportional hazards regression model.Results The expression of lncRNA-BC043614 was markedly higher in PDAC than in its adjacent normal tissues (P ＜0.05).The expression of lncRNA-BC043614 in PDAC was significantly correlated with tumor size,tumor differentiation,vascular carcinoma,and CA19-9 serum levels (P ＜ 0.05).Patients with a higher expression of lncRNA-BC043614 in PDAC had a significantly shorter tumor-free survival (P ＜0.05).A high expression of lncRNA-BC043614 in PDAC was an independent risk factor of tumor-free survival in patients with PDAC after operation (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions lncRNA-BC043614 was highly expressed in pancreatic cancer tissue and it correlated with the patient's tumor-free survival.lncRNA-BC043614 can be used as a new prognostic biomarker.

Objective:To investigate the current situation and influencing factors of patients′ satisfaction with nursing humanistic care, and to provide reference for improving the quality of such care provided by hospitals.Methods:From July to August 2022, outpatients and inpatients in 30 provinces were selected by multi-stage stratified sampling as the survey objects. A cross-sectional survey was conducted on an online platform, using the general information questionnaire and Chinese version of methodist health care system nurse caring instrument revised by the research group. The latter instrument consists of 12 dimensions. namely care coordination, competence, teaching/learning, emotional support, respect for individuality, physical comfort, availability, helping/trusting relationship, patient/family engagement, physical environment, spiritual environment and outcomes. Descriptive analysis was performed on the data collected by the questionnaires, and independent sample t-test and one-way ANOVA were used to analyze the influencing factors of patient satisfaction. Results:A total of 107 hospitals were selected for questionnaire survey, including 86 tertiary hospitals and 21 secondary hospitals, and 29 108 valid questionnaires were recovered. The patient satisfaction with nursing humanistic care scored (5.40±0.86); the top three dimensions were competence (5.50±0.89), emotional support (5.47±0.88) and helping/trusting relationship (5.46±0.86); the lowest scoring dimensions were teaching/learning (5.38±1.01), spiritual environment (5.36±1.04) and patient/family engagement (5.11±1.28). Differences with gender, age, marital status, child status, educational level, occupation, place of residence, economic region, per capita monthly income of the family, type of medical insurance, medical department visited and surgery or not presented significant differences on the patient satisfaction with nursing humanistic care scores ( P<0.05). Conclusions:The satisfaction of patients with hospital′s nursing humanistic care in China was at the middle to upper level. In the future, health education for patients should be strengthened, and a mode of family-engaged nursing humanistic care should be constructed in line with the Chinese cultural background. In the process of nursing services, the particularity of patient groups should be considered to better meet their needs.

Objective:To investigate the distribution and antimicrobial resistance profile of clinical bacteria isolated from blood culture in China.Methods:The clinical bacterial strains isolated from blood culture from member hospitals of Blood Bacterial Resistant Investigation Collaborative System (BRICS) were collected during January 2018 to December 2019. Antibiotic susceptibility tests were conducted with agar dilution or broth dilution methods recommended by US Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). WHONET 5.6 was used to analyze data.Results:During the study period, 14 778 bacterial strains were collected from 50 hospitals, of which 4 117 (27.9%) were Gram-positive bacteria and 10 661(72.1%) were Gram-negative bacteria. The top 10 bacterial species were Escherichia coli (37.2%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (17.0%), Staphylococcus aureus (9.7%), coagulase-negative Staphylococci (8.7%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (3.7%), Enterococcus faecium (3.4%), Acinetobacter baumannii(3.4%), Enterobacter cloacae (2.9%), Streptococci(2.8%) and Enterococcus faecalis (2.3%). The the prevalence of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococcus were 27.4% (394/1 438) and 70.4% (905/1 285), respectively. No glycopeptide-resistant Staphylococcus was detected. More than 95% of S. aureus were sensitive to amikacin, rifampicin and SMZco. The resistance rate of E. faecium to vancomycin was 0.4% (2/504), and no vancomycin-resistant E. faecalis was detected. The ESBLs-producing rates in no carbapenem-resistance E. coli, carbapenem sensitive K. pneumoniae and Proteus were 50.4% (2 731/5 415), 24.6% (493/2001) and 35.2% (31/88), respectively. The prevalence of carbapenem-resistance in E. coli and K. pneumoniae were 1.5% (85/5 500), 20.6% (518/2 519), respectively. 8.3% (27/325) of carbapenem-resistance K. pneumoniae was resistant to ceftazidime/avibactam combination. The resistance rates of A. baumannii to polymyxin and tigecycline were 2.8% (14/501) and 3.4% (17/501) respectively, and that of P. aeruginosa to carbapenem were 18.9% (103/546). Conclusions:The surveillance results from 2018 to 2019 showed that the main pathogens of bloodstream infection in China were gram-negative bacteria, while E. coli was the most common pathogen, and ESBLs-producing strains were in majority; the MRSA incidence is getting lower in China; carbapenem-resistant E. coli keeps at a low level, while carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae is on the rise obviously.

Objective:To investigate the bacterial composition and antimicrobial resistance profile of clinical isolates from bloodstream infections in China.Methods:The clinical bacterial strains isolated from blood culture were collected during January 2020 to December 2020 in member hospitals of Blood Bacterial Resistant Investigation Collaborative System (BRICS). Antibiotic susceptibility tests were conducted by agar dilution or broth dilution methods recommended by Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute(CLSI, USA). WHONET 5.6 was used to analyze data.Results:During the study period, 10 043 bacterial strains were collected from 54 hospitals, of which 2 664 (26.5%) were Gram-positive bacteria and 7 379 (73.5%) were Gram-negative bacteria. The top 10 bacterial species were Escherichia coli (38.6%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (18.4%), Staphylococcus aureus (9.9%), coagulase-negative Staphylococci (7.5%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (3.9%), Enterococcus faecium (3.3%), Enterobacter cloacae (2.8%), Enterococcus faecalis (2.6%), Acinetobacter baumannii (2.4%) and Klebsiella spp (1.8%). The prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococcus aureus were 27.6% and 74.4%, respectively. No glycopeptide- and daptomycin-resistant Staphylococci were detected. More than 95% of Staphylococcus aureus were sensitive to rifampicin and SMZco. No vancomycin-resistant Enterococci strains were detected. Extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Proteus mirabilis were 48.4%, 23.6% and 36.1%, respectively. The prevalence rates of carbapenem-resistance in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae were 2.3% and 16.1%, respectively; 9.6% of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae strains were resistant to ceftazidime/avibactam combination. The prevalence rate of carbapenem-resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii was 60.0%, while polymyxin and tigecycline showed good activity against Acinetobacter baumannii. The prevalence rate of carbapenem-resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was 23.2%. Conclusions:The surveillance results in 2020 showed that the main pathogens of bloodstream infection in China were gram-negative bacteria, while Escherichia coli was the most common pathogen, and ESBL-producing strains declined while carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae kept on high level. The proportion and the prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa were on the rise slowly. On the other side, the MRSA incidence got lower in China, while the overall prevalence of vancomycin-resistant Enterococci was low.

Objective:To report the results of national surveillance on the distribution and antimicrobial resistance profile of clinical bacterial isolates from bloodstream infections in China in 2021.Methods:The clinical bacterial strains isolated from blood culture from member hospitals of Blood Bacterial Resistant Investigation Collaborative System (BRICS) were collected during January 2021 to December 2021. Antibiotic susceptibility tests were conducted by agar dilution or broth dilution methods recommended by Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). WHONET 5.6 was used to analyze data.Results:During the study period, 11 013 bacterial strains were collected from 51 hospitals, of which 2 782 (25.3%) were Gram-positive bacteria and 8 231 (74.7%) were Gram-negative bacteria. The top 10 bacterial species were Escherichia coli (37.6%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (18.9%), Staphylococcus aureus (9.8%), coagulase-negative Staphylococci (6.3%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (3.6%), Enterococcus faecium (3.6%), Acinetobacter baumannii (2.8%), Enterococcus faecalis (2.7%), Enterobacter cloacae (2.5%) and Klebsiella spp (2.1%). The prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococcus aureus were 25.3% and 76.8%, respectively. No glycopeptide- and daptomycin-resistant Staphylococci was detected; more than 95.0% of Staphylococcus aureus were sensitive to ceftobiprole. No vancomycin-resistant Enterococci strains were detected. The rates of extended spectrum B-lactamase (ESBL)-producing isolated in Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Proteus mirabilis were 49.6%, 25.5% and 39.0%, respectively. The prevalence rates of carbapenem-resistance in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae were 2.2% and 15.8%, respectively; 7.9% of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae was resistant to ceftazidime/avibactam combination. Ceftobiprole demonstrated excellent activity against non-ESBL-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Aztreonam/avibactam was highly active against carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The prevalence rate of carbapenem-resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii was 60.0%, while polymyxin and tigecycline showed good activity against Acinetobacter baumannii (5.5% and 4.5%). The prevalence of carbapenem-resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa was 18.9%. Conclusions:The BRICS surveillance results in 2021 shows that the main pathogens of blood stream infection in China are gram-negative bacteria, in which Escherichia coli is the most common. The MRSA incidence shows a further decreasing trend in China and the overall prevalence of vancomycin-resistant Enterococci is low. The prevalence of Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae is still on a high level, but the trend is downwards.