Objective To evaluate the anti-tumor activity of interferon ? with different structures including pegylated interferon ?-1b (PEG IFN ?-1b), pegylated interferon ?-2b (PEG IFN ?-2b) and natural interferon ? (IFN ?) in male BALB/C nude mice with human renal adencarcinoma (ACHN) tumor. Methods Athymic BALB/C nude mice were received a subcutaneous injection of ACHN cells (2?106/0.2ml) on the rear flank. After four weeks, the size of tumor reached a mean volume of 50-100 mm3, and the interferon was administrated. The mice with tumor were divided into four groups, and were administrated with placebo (0.2ml/mouse thrice weekly), IFN ?-1b (50?g/mouse thrice weekly), PEG IFN ?-1b (150?g/mouse once weekly) and PEG IFN?-2b (150?g/mouse once every week), respectively, for five weeks. The tumor volumes were measured weekly prior to treatments until the end of the fifth week. All mice in each group were sacrificed to measure the weight of the residual tumor. The anti-tumor activity of IFN ? in vivo was evaluated by studying their ability to reduce the volume and weight of tumor. Results IFN ? may significantly reduce the volume and weight of ACHN tumor in mice. The average tumor weight was 0.422g in placebo group, while 0.263g, 0.235g and 0.219g in the groups treated with PEG IFN ?-1b, IFN ?-1b and PEG IFN ?-2b, respectively. No significant difference was found among the three groups treated with IFN ?. Moreover, the volume of tumor in three groups treated with IFN ? was significant reduced than that in placebo group. Conclusion IFN ? with different structures have showed the similar ability of ACHN tumor suppression at the dosage of 150?g per week.

Objective To explore the relationship between galactose-induced apoptosis of lens epithelial cells and cataractogenesis.Methods Galactose was injected retrobulbarly into Wistar rats.The opacity of lens was examined by slit lamp.The expression of C-MYC was measured by flow cytometer.The apoptosis of lens epithelial cells was observed by TUNEL techniques.Results More than 50 percent of lenses were in the Ⅱ stage of cataractogenesis on the(7 d) after galactose induction;Eighty-seven percent of lenses were in the Ⅳ-Ⅴ stage on the(14 d),and 100 percent of lenses were in the Ⅳ-Ⅴ stage on the(24 d).The rate of apoptotic cell on the(7 d) and on the(14 d) after galactose induction was respectively 5.6%～8.4% and 30.2%～41.8%,and 60% apoptotic cells were observed on the(24 d).The levels of C-MYC expression in lens epithelial cells induced by galactose on the(7 d) and(14 d) were higher than that of normal lenses,but the level of C-MYC expression backed to normal level on the(24 d).Conclusion It was suggested that there are some apoptosis of the lens epithelial cells during galactose-induced cataractogenesis and that the apoptosis of the lens epithelial cells might be caused by higher expression of C-MYC.

Objective To compare two operative approaches for treatment of distal hypospadias. Methods One hundred and seven patients were recruited into the study. Group1(n=51) underwent OUPF and group2(n= 56) underwent TIPU repair. The results were analyzed with Chi-square and two Sided test. Results Operative times for OUPF and TIPU repair were (103±29) min and (92±21)min respectively (P>0.05). Fistula occurred rates were 7.8% (4/51)and 14.2% (8/56) (P>0.05). Satisfied rates for the appearance of the penis post-operation were 84.8% (39/46)and 87.8%(36/41) respectively (P>0.05). 87 patients were followed up. With mean follow-ups of 15 months (range 6 to 47) , the overall complication rates were 15.7% (8/51) and 32.1 % (18/56)(P<0. 05) for OUPF and TIPU repair. Only 4 of 51 patients (7.8%) undergoing OUPF underwent re-operations, compared to 15 of 56 patients (26.8%) undergoing TIPU repair (P<0.001). A plateau uroflow curve (vs normal bell curve)was observed in 33.3% (13/39)and 67.6(25/37) ,respectively(P<0. 001). The average flow rate was 9. 4 ml per second (range 3. 2 to 17. 1) in patients undergoing OUPF repair, compared to 6. 8 ml per second (3. 3 to 15, P<0. 05) for those undergoing TIPU repair. Mean peak flow rates were12.2 ml per second (range 3.9 to 22.9) and 8. 3 mi per second (range 3.7 to 18. 1, P<0.01) for OUPF and TIPU procedures. Conclusion OUPF is superior to TIPU in the surgical treatment of distal hypospadias.

Objective To know the faculty experiences of patients in ICU during the course of oretracheal intutation, analyze the influence of related stressor in ICU on patients, and then carry out certaincounter nursing measures according to the results.Methods Phenomenological approach was adopted in this research, 8 patients with orotracheal intubtion received interviews, the data collected from the interviews were analyzed thematically. Results Three themes were showed: a series of mental and psychiatric symptom, obviously emotional change and the aggravation of local irritation. Conclusions Scientific ICU should be build by related nursing managers, the individualization and humanization nursing cares should be used for patients in ICU to promote nursing quality.

ObjectiveTo investigate the accuracy of percutaneous iliosacral screw fixation in sacroiliac joint fracture-dislocation with minimally invasive guider with CT-guided.MethodsFrom January 2011 to May 2011,8 patients with sacroiliac joint fracture-dislocation were treated using percutaneous iliosacral screw fixation assist with minimally invasive guider in CT-guided,which included 5 males and 3 females,with the average age of 32 years (ranged from 26 to 56 years).All patients suffered with vertically unstable pelvic fractures.Bone traction was used in femoral condyle for 6 cases which displaced more than 2cm in sacroiliac joints.Patients were prone position on the CT bed.First sacroiliac joint CT-scan was performed,then marked the needle position on affected side buttocks after measure the best position and track of needle that expected on CT computer screen.According to the data of CT-scan,the angle of the devices was adjusted,which could control 3D direction of the minimally invasive guider,then insert the Kirschner wire into sacroiliac joint guided with the front end of the sleeve of the minimally invasive guider,confirmed the track of needle was excellent with CT-scan (3D),then the guider was moved out and put the hollow screw (dia 7.3 mm Synthes) into the sacroiliac joint along the Kirschner wire.ResultsAll 8 patients were successfully insert the Kirschner wire.The operation time was from 10 to 20 min(mean,14 min).All screws were in the position expected before surgery,no cut out of bone with the CT-scan immediately after operation,the shape of sacroiliac joint was restored satisfied and the fixation was stable.No numbness and radiation-like pain appeared among the operation in the lower limb for all patients,no case had vascular and neurological complications postoperative.ConclusionThe minimally invasive guider can improve the accuracy,security and simplicity of the percutaneous iliosacral screw fixation with CT-guided,and also avoid the deviation of needle insertion angle that determined by operator himself.

BACKGROUND: The direct ratio is formed between the size of osseous defect around implant and the required time of complete repair. It is viewed that bone implantation is suggested if osseous defect is larger than 1 mm, which benefits the bone regeneration and early fixation of implant.OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects between coralline granules and hydroxyapatite (HA) during union after immediate implantation.DESIGN: Group observation and controlled experiment was designed.SETTING: Department of Stomatology Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University.MATERIALS: HA coated implant, HA granule, coralline granule and 3adult mongrel dogs.METHODS: The experiment was performed in Department of Stomatology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University from August 2002 to April 2003.Under anesthesia, 6 foramens were drilled on femurs of 3 dogs (3 foramens on each side) to result in osseous defect. Coralline granules were embedded in the osseous defect around the implant in all of proximal ends (coralline granule group, CG group), HA granules were embedded in the osseous defect around the implant in all of distal ends (HA group) and nothing was embedded in the defect around the implant in the center (the control). One dog was sacrificed under anesthesia on the 2nd, 3rd and 4th months after operation successively and the samples were collected from the implanted section in each group for X-ray examination and scanning electronic microscopic observation.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: X-ray examination on implanted sections and scanning electronic microscopic observation on samples in each the 4th month, it was observed that implants and osseous tissue were closely integrated in CG group and HA group and there was still partial osseous on samples in each group: on the 4th month, it was discovered that the regenerated osseous tissue was matured completely in CG group and few coralline granule residue was left. In HA group, the regenerated osseous tissue was matured completely, but there was still a large amount of HA granules left and the granules had not been absorbed obviously. In the control group, the space appeared partially in the implanted cervical region.CONCLUSION: The implantation of artificial bone is suggested if the osseous defect around immediate implant is larger than 1 mm. As the implanting materials, coralline granules and HA granules act on the most advantageous guide activity. Coralline granules can be degraded and substituted with osseous tissue,but HA granules cannot be absorbed, which affects osseous reconstruction.

Objective To study the effects of cryopreservation on the immunogenicity of human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVEC).Methods HUVEC were isolated ex vivo and cryopreserved.Lymphocyte stimulation index(SI)was analyzed by MTT in lymphoeyte-endothelial cell co-culture.Both HLA-ABC and HLA-DR antigen expression on fresh or cryopreserved HUVEC,and the effects of IFN-γ treatment on HLA antigen expression in both groups were determined by using flow cytometry.Results No difference in SI was observed between fresh prepared and cryopreserved HUVEC(1.716±0.181 vs 1.686±0.145,P>0.05).The percentage of HLA-ABC expression was(96.6±1.9)%and(96.0±1.4)%in fresh and cryopreserved HUVEC(P>0.05),and the mean intensity for HLA-ABC expression was 84.1±5.7 and 82.4±4.8 in fresh and cryopreserved HUVEC(P>0.05),respectively.However,no HLA-DR expression was observed in both groups.When treated with IFN-γ,HLA-ABC expression was significantly up-regulated,and HLA-DR expression was induced in a dose-dependent manner.No significant difference was found in the HLA-ABC expression between fresh and cryopreserved HUVEC(P>0.05),while the HLA-DR expression in cryopreserved HUVEC was remarkably lower than in fresh HUVEC with the increase of IFN-γ(P<0.01).Conclusion The immunogenicity of HUVEC remains stable by cryopreservation without IFN-γtreatment or treated with low concentration of IFN-γ(≤50 U/ml).However,the HLA-DR expression in HUVEC was remarkably reduced in eryopreserved cells treated with a high concentration of IFN-γ(≥100 U/ml).These data indieated that the effects of cryopreservation on immunogenicity of HUVEC may result from the decreased responses of HLA-DR expression by the stimulation of IFN-γ treatment.

Objective To observe the effect of simulated microgravity on the photopic negative response (PhNR) of full-field flash ERG in adult mice.Methods In an experimental study,forty-eight adult male C57BL/6J mice (48 eyes) were randomly divided into model and control groups.Model mice were further divided into three subgroups of 8 each:tail-suspended for 15 days (subgroup A),tail-suspended for 30 days (subgroup B),and tail-suspended for 30 days followed by returning to normal position for 30 days (subgroup C).The three control subgroups were similarly fixed with a harness but kept in the normal position for corresponding periods of 15,30,and 60 days.The mice were immediately examined using ERG-PhNR,flash VEP,OCT and visually-guided behavior in vivo,and subsequently sacrificed to analyze the retinal histology in vitro.PhNR amplitude was measured from baseline to PhNR trough.N1 peak-time and N1-P1 amplitude of VEP was analyzed.The escape duration was used to quantitatively evaluate the visual function of mice.In addition,inner retinal thickness was analyzed by OCT imaging.Data were compared by the independent sample t-test.Results PhNR amplitude in the model subgroup A was obviously lower than the corresponding control subgroup,the difference was statistically significant (t=-3.196,P＜0.01).There was no significant difference in PhNR amplitude between the model subgroup B or C and the corresponding control subgroup (t=-1.976,0.285;P＞0.05).There was no significant difference in FVEP N1 peak-time or N1-P1 amplitude between any of the three model subgroups and the corresponding control subgroup (P＞0.05).There was no significant difference in OCT-measured inner retinal thickness between any of the three model subgroups and the corresponding control subgroup (t=-0.461,2.073,-0.402;P＞0.05).The three model subgroups showed almost normal retinal structure,including the retinal ganglion cell,inner pexiform layer,inner nuclear layer,outer plexiform layer,outer nuclear layer,ellipsoid zone and RPE.There was no significant difference in visually-guided escape time between any of the three model subgroups and the corresponding control subgroup (t=-0.637,-0.955,1.297;P＞0.05).Conclusion Via tail-suspension,short-term simulated microgravity can affect the PhNR of flash ERG;however,the change is reversible and does not affect visual function of mice.

The main work and achievements of clinical pathway work in China since 2009 were systematically reviewed in the paper. It analyzed the problems existing in the implementation of clinical pathway management in China, and suggested on such management in the future. The suggestions include:deeper understanding, convergence with the payment system reform, strengthened quality control, further informatization,and better performance appraisal system.

Objective To investigate the mechanism of treatment of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor(rhG-CSF),recombinant human interleukin-11(rhIL-11)and recombinant human interleukin-2 (rhIL-2)on hematopoietic injuries induced by 4.5 Gy60 Coγ-ray irradiation in beagles,and to provide experimental evidence for the clinical treatment of extremely severe myeloid acute radiation sickness (ARS).Methods Sixteen beagle dogs were given 4.5 Gy60 Co γ-ray total body irradiation(TBI),then randomly assigned into irradiation control group,supportive care group or cytokines+supportive care (abbreviated as cytokines)group.In addition to supportive care,rhG-CSF,rhlL-11 and rhIL-2 were administered subcutaneously to treat dogs in cytokines group.The percentage of CD34+cells,cell cycle and apoptosis of nucleated cells in peripheral blood were examined by Flow cytometry.Results After 4.5 Gy 60 Co γ-ray irradiation,the CD34+cells in peripheral blood declined obviously(61.3%and 52.1% of baseline for irradiation control and supportive care group separately).The cell proportion of nucleated cells in Go/G1 phase was increased notably(99.27% and 99.49% respectively).The rate of apoptosis(26.93% and 21.29% separately)and necrosis(3.27% and 4.14%,respectively)of nucleated cells were elevated significantly when compared with values before irradiation(P<0.05) 1 d post irradiation.When beagles were treated with cytokines and supportive care,the CD34+cells in peripheral blood were markedly increased(135.6% of baseline).The effect of G0/G1 phase blockage of nucleated cells became more serious(99.71%).The rate of apoptosis(5.66%)and necrosis(1.60%)of nucleated cells were significantly lower than that of irradiation control and supportive care groups 1 d after exposure.Conclusions Cytokines maybe mobilize CD34+cells in bone marrow to peripheral blood,indce cell cycle block at G0/G1 phase and reduce apoptosis,and eventually cure hematopoieticinjuries induced by irradiation.