0.05) in the results of Vd of mannitol and glycerol for both rabbits and human studies

OBJECTIVE:To explore the new mode and new method for the teaching work mode of clinical pharmacists in phar-maceutical ward rounds. METHODS:Medicine comprehensive ward rounds mode centered by teachers and independent pharmaceu-tical rounds interrogation mode centered by clinical pharmacist trainees were respectively tried by clinical pharmacists to guide clini-cal pharmaceutical cares. Three-level mode of medical rounds was used for reference. Teaching rounds by trainees,teaching staff and teachers were tried to train the learning and practice ability of different levels of trainees. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:Ac-cording to the different forms of exploration of teaching work mode in pharmaceutical ward rounds,trainees,teaching staff and teachers has practiced and improved in the pharmacy professional practice skills. Pharmaceutical ward rounds are the important parts of work,and different teaching modes are significant for the advanced quality of trainees.

The substantia gelatinosa of subnucleus caudalis of the trigeminal nerve of the rat shows an intense extralysosomal acid phosphatase activity which disappears after the removal of it's skin of the facial regions.Different regions of the facial skin of 69 rats were excised and the projections of the cutaneous nerves were traced by studying the extralysosomal acid phosphatase activity with the modified Gomori's methods.A somatotopical localization was found within the substantia gelationosa. It agreed with what has been found in earlier studies where other techniques have been used. The findings showed that the fibers of the cutaneous areas along the dorsoventral axis of the body were found in a reverse order in the receptive fields in the substantia gelatinosa. The vertex and fore-head lay in the ventral, while skin of the mandibular areas in the dorsal region, and the skin of the facial areas lay successively from ventral to dorsal in following order: vertex and forehead eye region, dorsal vibrissae, ventral vibrissae-upper lip and finally lower lip-mandibulare region, in the receptive fields of the substantia gelatinosa.The cutaneous facial regions were disproportionately represented in substantia gelatinosa, for example, the field receiving projections from the vibrissae areas or fields were as large as 4mm~2 in the most medial portion of the ventral vibrissae-upperlip which are disproportionately large while the fields receiving projections from the forehead and mandibular cutaneous regions were disproportionately small. The provides a possible explanation for the specific function of analgesia of the acupuncture point Renzhong.

The peripheral nerves supplying the acupuncture points of the facial regionwere sectioned from 63 rats and their central terminations were traced by the loss ofthe acid phosphatase(ACP)activity in the substantia gelatinosa(SG)with themodified Gomori's method.1)The supraorbital nerve was cut,the loss of the ACP was confined to thelateral aspect of the substantia gelatinosa in spinal segments C_1.2)The infraorbi-tal nerve was transected,the ACP activity was absent from the central and lateralsectors of the SG in the medulla oblongata.3)The mental nerve was divided,theACP activity was absent from the most medial sector of SG in the medulla oblon-gata and C_1.4)The auriculotemporal nerve was severed,the activity of the enzymewas absent mainly in the inner medial sector of SG in the C_1 and C_2.5)Thefacial nerve was divided,the area deprived of enzyme activity is mainly found inthe central medial sector of SG in C_2.6)The vagal nerve was divided,a medialsector or central sector of SG in the C_1 and C_2 segment is devoid of ACP.7)Thegreat auricular nerve and the cutaneous cervical nerve were severed,the ACP activitywas absent in SG of the upper four cervical cords.The above results show that the primary sensory nerve of the peripheral nerveswhich supply the facial acupuncture points terminate in the SG of the subnucleuscaudalis of the trigeminal nerves and the dorsal horn and the primary sensory nervefibre of these nerves mostly terminate in C_1 and C_2 segment.

Objective: To explore the protective effect of Shenmai lyophilized preparation (SMP, 参麦冻干剂) on acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in cats. Methods: AMI cat model was induced by ligation of the left coronary artery for 4 hours. Cats were randomly divided into five groups: AMI group (4 ml/kg of normal saline ), large dose SMP group (1.76 g/kg), small dose SMP group (0.88 g/kg), Shenmai injection (参麦注射液) group (0.88 g/kg) and nitroglycerine group (0.44 mg/kg). Drugs were given 5 minutes after the left coronary artery ligation. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) and ventricle cardiac arrhythmia were monitored by multichannel biological signal analytical system. MultiCD*2lead ?ST on chest was recorded by cardiofax after myocardial ischemia for 4 hours, the area of AMI was measured by dyes with triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC). Changes of creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in serum were assayed by colorimetric assay. Results: SMP at the dosage of 0.88 and 1.76 g/kg increased MAP, decreased ?ST and incidence of ventricle cardiac arrhythmia in cats with AMI, shrank the area of AMI and decreased the LDH content and CK activity in serum, respectively compared to the AMI group, the differences being significant in the aboveCD*2mentioned parameters (P

Amyloidosis ; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin Light-chain Amyloidosis

Objective To explore the effect and the possible mechanisms of silent homo sapiens eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 alpha 2(EEF1A2)gene on the growth of pancreatic cancer cell in vivo.Methods The pancreatic cancer xenograft models in mice were established.The mice were equally divided into control group,negative control group and EEF1A2 group,which were injected with PBS,negative control siRNA and EEF1A2 siRNA into xenograft tumors respectively.The size and weight of tumors in each group were measured.The expression of EEF1A2 and PCNA in tumor tissue of each group was detected by immunohistochemistry.The cell apoptosis rate in tumor tissue of each group was determined by TUNEL.Results In xenograft nude mice models,since the 17th day of injection,the growth of tumor size in EEF1A2 group was obviously slower than that of negative control group and control group(all P＜0.05).By the end of the treatment,the tumors were cut off and weighted.The weight of tumors in EEF1A2 group(0.27g± 0.06g)were significantly lower than those of control group and negative control group(0.39g± 0.08g and 0.43g± 0.07g,P＜0.05).EEF1A2 mostly expressed in cytoplasm of pancreatic cancer cell.In negative control group and control group,the positive cells distributed densely and the positive rate was(72.58 ± 25.47)％ and (76.75±23.19)％ respectively.The distribution of positive cells in EEF1A2 group was scattered and the positive rate was(34.78±21.36)％,the difference was statisically significant(P＜0.01).The expression of PCNA at protein level in EEF1A2 group was significantly lower those that of control group and negative control group(P＜ 0.01).The result of TUNEL test indicated that the cell apoptosis rate in EEF1A2 group was higher than those of control group and negative control group (P＜0.01).Conclusions The EEF1A2 gene can be effectively silented in vivo,which significantly inhibits the growth of pancreatic cancer cell.It may be related with inhibition of cell proliferation and promotion cell apoptosis.

ObjectiveTo study microRNA (miRNA) expression and role of cell cycle regulation in decidualized endometrial stormal cells (ESC) in vitro.MethodsESC was induced decasualization in vitro and matched with non-decidualized cells as controls.The expression repertoire of miRNA was measured by microarray chip and was validated by real-time PCR.Flow cytometry was used to identify ESC cycle during decidual reaction in vitro and after miRNA222 inhibitor was transfected into it.Results (1) Between decidualized and undecidualized stromal cells,there were 49 miRNAs significantly different expression by microarray chip,including 16 miRNA up-regulation and 33 miRNA down-regulation.hsa-miR-27b,30c,143,101,181 b,29b,30d,507,23 a,222,221 exhibited significantly differential expression between decicualized and undecidualized stromal cells by real-time PCR (P ＜0.05).(2) After miRNA222 inhibitor (NC-FAM) transfection to decidual ESC,ESC were cultured by FBS medium for 24 hours,the rate of transfection was 70％.ESC were transfected with miRNA 222 inhibitor and cultured for 48 hours,the percentage of ESC at Sphase of (6.2 ± 0.7 ) ％ were significantly lower than ( 10.9 ± 0.8 ) ％ in control group ( P ＜ 0.05 ) ; the percentage of ESC at G0/G1 phase increased at transfection group [ (77.5 ± 1.3 ) ％ vs.(73.0 ± 1.6) ％ at control group ],but there was no significant difference (P ＞ 0.05 ).Decasualization ESC were transfected with miRNA 222 inhibitor and cultured for 48 h,the percentage of ESC at S-phase was ( 3.3 ± 0.6) ％ in transfection group,which were significantly lower than (7.8 ± 0.9 ) ％ in control group ( P ＜ 0.05 ).The percentage of ESC at G0/G1 phase was ( 80.7 ± 1.6 ) ％ in transfection group and ( 74.9 ± 1.1 ) ％.In control group,which did not reached statistical difference ( P ＞ 0.05).ConclusionmiRNA was involved in ESC decidual process in vitro by regulating cell cycle.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether sodium magnesium fructose diphosphate(SM) could raise the contents of energy sustrates-ATP, ADP and AMP in the tissues of acute myocardial infarction.METHODS: 60 rat models of acute myocardial infarction were randomly divided into 6 groups(n = 10): Treatment groups(A, B, C) received SM(75mg/kg, 38mg/kg and 19mg/kg) in saline sulution respectively, and control groups (D, E) received 1,6 - fructose diphosphate (200mg/kg) or magnesium sulfate(10mg/kg), another control(F) received same volume of saline.Four hours after administration, the levels of ATP,ADP and AMP in the myocardial homogenate were determined by HPLC.RESULTS:The levels of ATP, ADP and AMP of treatment groups(A, B, C) were (612.8± 103.2)、 (538.0± 141.2) and (325.2± 113.2) nmol/g; (407.6± 113.4)、 (389.4±91.5)、 (306.1 ± 134.6) nmol/g and ( 1 637.6 ± 236.8)、 (1 366.8± 279.3)、 ( 1 186.1 ± 341.1) nmol/g; while those of control groups(F) were (119.0± 22.8)、 (146.5± 36.8)、 (436.7± 214.9) nmol/g, respectively(P＜ 0.01 of 0.05) .CONCLUSION: SM can raise the contents of energy substrates- ATP,ADP and AMP in the tissues of acute myocardial infarction.

Objective To elucidate whether down-regulation of homo sapiens eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 alpha 2 (EEF1A2) expression induces apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells and its possible mechanisms. Methods Two siRNAs targeting human EEF1A2 were synthesized and the siRNA/liposome complexes were transfected into the pancreatic cancer cell line BxPC-3. RTPCR and Western blot were used to analyze the change of EEF1A2 expression and the apoptosis rate of BxPC-3 cells was studied using Annexin-V/PI assay. To identify the mechanisms involved, the apoptosis associated proteins such as caspase-3, caspase-8, caspase-9, PARP, cytochrome C and Bid were detected by Western blotting. Results Both EEF1A2-targeting siRNAs reduced the EEF1A2expression, and the No. 2 siRNA inhibited EEF1A2 expression to less than 25 % in mRNA and protein levels. Down-regulation of EEF1A2 expression in BxPC-3 cells enhanced cell apoptosis (15.28% ±3.65%) at a greater level than negative siRNA-expressing cells (10. 11% ± 3. 05%) or mock cells (9.41 % ±4.14 %). Furthermore, reduction of EEF1A2 activated the pro-caspase-8, pro-caspase-3,pro-caspase-9,PARP and Bid to their active forms, and increased the expression of cytochrome C.Conclusions These data suggest that EEF1A2 down-regulation could significantly induce apoptosis of pancreatic cancer cell line BxPC-3, which is likely mediated by the death receptor and mitochondrial apoptotic pathways.