AIM: To investigate the inhibitory effect of quercetin on in vitro activation of T lymphocytes by polyclonal activators with CD69 expression as an activation marker. METHODS: After being separated from lymphoid nodes of a C57BL/6 mouse, the lymphocytes were exposed to polyclonal activators (PDB or Con A) with or without quercetin. Then they were harvested at 2 h, 6 h and 24 h, respectively. The expressional rates of CD69 on T lymphocytes were assessed by two-color immunofluorescent staining and flow cytometry, and the inhibitory rates of quercetin at different time points were estimated. RESULTS: Quercetin had no effect on the expressional rate of CD69 on T lymphocytes under resting states. After the stimulation with PDB or Con A, the expressional rates of CD69 on T lymphocytes in the present of quercetin (10 ?mol/L) showed significant decrease compared with those of control groups at different time points (P

Clinical medicine and its teaching patterns put forward the new demand to the teaching of laboratory diagnostics. According to the teaching objectives and development tendency of laboratory diagnostics, a novel teaching pattern based on organ-system diseases was established through systematical reform measures. The course content system was reconstructed and focused on the diseases. And the professional teacher group carefully orchestrated, applied new teaching methods,such as case-based learning and problem-based learning. The independent learning on a resource sharing network platform was encouraged, and the evaluation system was innovated. The novel teaching pattern has obtained gratifying achievement, and showed a bright prospect of development.

OBJECTIVE:To study the general pharmacologic actions and toxicity of Yemazhui.METHODS:The au?tonomous movement,provoking response,climbing pole exercise,cardiovascular and respiratory reactions,acute and chronic toxicity tests were observed in rats and mice.RESULTS:Yemazhui had no obvious influence on autonomous movement,provok_ ing response,climbing pole exercise,cardiovascular and respiratory systems in rats and mice.LD 50 after Yemazhui ig was225.6g(herb)/kg(BW)with a95%confidence of199.7～254.9g(herb)/kg(BW)in mice.No toxic reaction was found in chronic toxi_ city test.CONCLUSION:Yemazhui has no obvious influence on normal physiological action and tissues and organs in animals.

AIM: To investigate the effect of berberine (Ber) on the activation and proliferation of T lymphocytes and its mechanism of action. METHODS: Whole peripheral blood from normal subjects was stimulated with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) or phorbol ester (PDB) plus ionomycin (Ion) and the expression levels of CD69 and CD25 were evaluated with flow cytometry after the staining with appropriate fluorescent monoclonal antibody. The distribution of cell cycles was analyzed by propidium iodide staining and dead cells by 7-aminoactinomycin live staining. RESULTS: 100 ?mol/L and 50 ?mol/L of Ber had significant inhibition of the expression of CD69 on T cells stimulated with PDB plus Ion or PHA, while effect of 25 ?mol/L Ber was not significant. And as time of action extended, the extent of inhibition decreased. For the expression of CD25, Ber at the concentrations as above all exerted significant inhibitory effect in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, Ber could block lymphocytes cell cycle progression from G_0/G_1 phase to S and G_2/M phase without phase specificity. Besides, live staining analysis revealed that Ber did not have significant cytotoxicity on lymphocytes. CONCLUSIONS: Ber significantly inhibits the expression of early and mid activation antigens of T cells and also blocks the progression of lymphocytes cell cycles. These results suggest that Ber exerts immunosuppression effect through inhibiting the activation and proliferation of T cells.

AIM: To investigate the characterization of absorption of hematoporphyrin monomerthyl ether (HMME), a domestic new generation photosensitizer product, by activated T cells from human peripheral blood. METHODS: Evaluation was performed by flow cytometry on the effects of incubating concentration and time of HMME on absorption by activated T cells. Lymphocytes were separated from human peripheral blood by density gradient centrifugation with Ficoll and T cells were activated with polyclonal stimulators PHA and PDB+Ion. To analyze the effects of HMME incubating doses on the absorption of activated T cells, the cultural lymphocytes were incubated with a serial doses of HMME for 1 h and HMME absorption were measured by FACS after immuno-staining with anti-CD3 antibody. To test the impact of HMME incubating time on the absorption of activated T cells, the cultural lymphocytes were incubated with HMME for various times and HMME absorption were measured by FACS after immuno-staining with anti-CD3 antibody. RESULTS: The HMME absorption-dose curve and absorption-time curve were shifted to right and up in the activated T cells as compared to resting T cells. HMME absorptions of activated T cells were statistic significantly larger than that of resting T cells in the doses between 5 mg/L to 20 mg/L. HMME absorptions of either activated T cells or resting T cells underwent a gradual increase with the incubation-time in HMME at concentration of 10 mg/L. HMME absorptions of activated T cells were statistic significantly larger than that of resting T cells in the incubation-time between 15 to 60 min. CONCLUSION: The differences of HMME absorption between activated T cells and resting T cells depend on the incubation times and doses of HMME. HMME absorption of activated T cells are significantly larger than that of resting T cells in certain incubation-times and doses. These results suggest that incubation time and dose associated with HMME-PDT therapeutic windows will be created for selective deletion of activated T cells.

Objective To investigate the effect of anti-syphilis treatment on the perinatal outcomes and neonatal prognosis in pregnant women complicated with syphilis.Methods One hundred and ninety eight pregnant women complicated with syphilis were collected from Chengdu Hospital of Infectious Diseases during January 2010 and January 2012,including 98 cases received standard treatment,59 cases received nonstandard treatment and 41 cases did not receive treatment.Pearson x2 and partition of chi-square were used for the comparison of pregnant outcomes,neonatal prognosis and negative rates of rapid plasma circle card test (RPR) among 3 groups.Results The incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes,including miscarriage,prematurity,still birth and congenital malformation were 4.08％,27.12％ and 63.41％ in three groups,respectively.The incidence of congenital syphilis,low birth weight,asphyxia in infants and neonatal death raised in from standard-treatment group,nonstandard-treatment group to untreated group.Congenital syphilis rates were 2.04％,18.75％ and 35.29％ in three groups,respectively.RPR titers in newborns from mothers with high RPR titer (≥ 1 ∶ 8) in standard-treatment group were significantly lower than those in nonstandard-treatment group and untreated group (x2 =37.122,P ＜ 0.01).RPR negative rates were 100.00％,59.26％ and 25.00％ in three groups,respectively (x2 =18.839,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion Standard anti-syphilis treatment can improve pregnant outcome,neonatal prognosis and reduce the incidence of congenital syphilis.

Objective To investigate genetic polymorphisms of IRF7/KIAA1542 (rs4963128, rs2246614) and STAT4 (rs7574865) and their relationships with lupus nephritis and various autoantibodies present in Chinese Han population of SLE patients. Methods A total of 748 SLE patients and 750 healthy controls belonging to the Chinese population were enrolled into this study. They were genotyped using MALDI-TOF-MS method. Autoantibodies including anti-SSA, anti-SSB, anti-Sm, anti-RNP and anti-dsDNA were determined either by indirect immunofluorescence or double immunodiffusion methods. Results In the healthy group, rs7574865 (STAT4) T/T, T/G, G/G genotype frequency and T, G allele frequencies were as follows: 9.4% , 45. 6% , 45. 0% , 32. 2% , 67. 8% , the corresponding case group as follows: 17.0% , 48.1%, 34.9%, 41.0%, 59.0%, genotype and allele frequencies were significantly different (x2 = 26.30, P<0.01). Compared with the control group, in the case group, T/T genotype frequency and T allele frequency were significantly increased, and in three genetic models ( additive model, dominant model, recessive model), the genotype frequencies were significant difference (P <0. 01). Two polymorphic loci of rs4963128 and rs2246614 (IRF7/KIAA1542) were not statistically significant (x2 =4.49,5.32,P>0.05) in case group and control group, but the rs2246614 genotype frequencies had a statistically significant in recessive model (P <0. 05) , whereas rs4963128 genotype frequencies was no significant difference in the three genetic model (P=0.068, 0.958, 0.067, respectively). In the clinical subphenotype analysis, IRF7/KIAA1542 (rs4963128) in lupus nephritis group (OR = 2. 69, 95% CI = 1. 89-3. 82, P < 0.01) ,anti-SSA antibody group ( OR = 0. 61, 95% CI = 0. 43-0. 87, P < 0. 05 ) and anti-SSB antibody group ( OR =0. 36, 95% CI = 0. 23-0. 56, P < 0.01) of the analysis were statistically significant. At the same time, IRF7/KIAA1542 (rs2246614) in the joint comparison of positive and negative symptoms were also statistically significant (OR=1.34, 95% CI = 1. 06-1. 69, P < 0. 05). Conclusions This findings provide strong evidence suggesting that STAT4 ( rs7574865 ) is the susceptible factor of SLE in Chinese Han population. However, there is not a significant relationships between IRF7/KIAA1542 (rs4963128, rs2246614) polymorphisms and the risk of SLE, but the associations of IRF7/KIAA1542 (rs4963128, rs2246614) with the a variety of clinical subphenotypes, such as lupus nephritis, joint symptoms and production of anti-SSA antibody and anti-SSB antibody implicates IRF7/KIAA1542 as a putative candidate gene of SLE.

AIM: The expression of CD28, CD56 and CD57 on CD8+T cells in the peripheral blood of young (age range 20-35) and elderly(age range 60-75) healthy donors were compared to explore the change of the cellular immune function with aging.METHODS: Three-color fluorescent flow cytometry was performed to analyze the differences in percentage of CD8+CD28+, CD8+CD56+ and CD8+CD57+T cells in the peripheral blood between the young and elderly groups.RESULTS: CD8+CD28+T cells in the peripheral blood of the elderly group was significantly lower than those in the young group, with percentage of 34.07?5.28 and 49.84?7.43,respectively (P

AIM:To investigate the effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist exendin-4 on white adipose tissue (WAT) and the underlying mechanisms.METHODS:Male C57BL/6J mice (8 weeks) were chal-lenged by high-fat diet for 12 weeks, and were randomly divided into saline group and exendin-4 group.The mRNA expres-sion of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), TNF-αand adiponectin of WAT was detected by real-time PCR.3T3-L1 adipocytes or mouse embryonic fibroblasts cells were treated with exendin-4 for 24 h.The protein levels of SIRT1, ATGL and hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) were determined by Western blot.RESULTS:Exendin-4 significantly decreased epididymal fat weight, fasting blood glucose and serum triglyceride levels ( P<0.05) , and reduced body weight and serum TNF-αlevel.The mRNA expression of SIRT1, ATGL and adiponectin in WAT was all significantly up-regulated by exendin-4, which were contrary to the down-regulation of TNF-αmRNA expression (P<0.05).Exendin-4 promoted the protein expression of SIRT1, ATGL, and HSL in 3T3-L1 adipocytes in a dose-dependent manner.Less lipid droplets with up-regulation of lipolytic protein expression were observed when combined with SIRT1 agonist treatment, which were suppressed by SIRT1 inhibitor.Deletion of SIRT1 led to larger adipocytes with more lipid droplets, and the effect of ex-endin-4 on the lipolysis disappeared when SIRT1 was deficient.CONCLUSION:Exendin-4 promotes lipolysis in WAT of obese mice via activation of SIRT1.

OBJECTIVETo explore the effect of up-regulation of KA1 subunit of the kainate receptor on endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS)-induced excitotoxic neurodegeneration in mouse hippocampus.

METHODSSeventy adult male KM mice were subjected to microinjections into the hippocampus of kainic acid (KA) or 500, 1000, or 2000 µg/ml tunicamycin (TM). At 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, and 12 h after the injections, the mice were assessed for Bederson scores and sacrificed for FJB staining and immunofluorescence observation of the brain slices.

RESULTSAt 3, 4, 5, and 8 h after KA injection and at 4 and 5 h after of 2000 µg/ml TM injection, the mice showed severe central nervous system dysfunction, and FJB staining revealed increased cell death in the hippocampus, where up-regulated expressions of KA1 receptor and ERS marker P-eIF2α were found by immunofluorescence staining (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONMicroinjection of KA or TM into the hippocampus causes neuronal death and ERS with up-regulated expression of KA1. In this process of neuronal apoptosis, the membrane receptor KA1 receives the apoptosis signal and transfers it to the inside of the cells to cause cell endoplasmic reticulum dysfunction and ERS response, which ultimately leads to neuronal death.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress ; Hippocampus ; pathology ; Kainic Acid ; pharmacology ; Male ; Mice ; Neurons ; pathology ; Receptors, Kainic Acid ; metabolism ; Tunicamycin ; pharmacology ; Up-Regulation