The segmental and regional projections of the sciatic, tibial and common peroneal nerves to the substantia gelatinosa of spinal cord in rats were studied with the acid phosphatase method. Experiments were carried on 42 rats. Under chloral hydrate anesthesia, sciatic, tibial and common peroneal nerves were severed respecively. Then, after a survival time of 5～12 days, the lumbosacral segments of the spinal cord were removed and sectioned. The frozen sections were incubated with the modified Gomori's method.The projections of the sciatic and tibial nerves to the substantia gelatinosa (SG)were found in L_2～S_1, while these of the common peroneal nerve in L_(2～6).The projections of the sciatic nerve were found in the most medial, the intermediate and the most lateral parts of SG in the segments L_(2～3), and in entire SG in the segments L_4～S_1.The projections of the tibial nerve were shown in the most medial and the intermediate parts of SG in the segments L_(2～5), and in the medial parts of SG at L_6～S_1.The projections of the common peroneal nerve were found in the intermediate parts of SG in all segments L_(2～6).The above study has provided anatomical data for probing into the mechanism of somatosplanchnic interrelations and the principle governing acupuncture anesthesia.

Objective To improve a HPLOUV method for the determination of Tramadol hydrochlo-ride in human plasma. Method Alkalinized samples of plasma were extracted with dichloromethane. Tramadol and internai standard were analyzed on Elite C18 column (200mm?5.0mm, 5?m) with a acetoni-trile-phsphate buffer (pH6.5) (74:26, v/v) mobile phase and detedted at 220nm. Results The Calibra-tion plots in human plasma were linear (r=0.9984, n =5) from 10 to 800 ng/ml. The limit of detection was 10 ng/ml. For 20, 100, 400 ng/ml check samples, intra-run precisions (RSD) were 3.81% -5.44% and inter-run preceisions (RSD) were 3.95% -4.41% , respectively. The average recoveries were 89% , 96% and 92% for the low, middle and high check samples, respectively. Conclusion The improved ana-lytical method for Tramadol hydrochloride was found to be sensitive, simple and rapid, suitable for applica-tion in forensic toxicological analysis and routine determination of numerous samples.

The construction of the model curricula is the important branch of teaching quality engineering. The key to the development of the model curricula lies in the reform of the teaching model. As required to the national standards of the model curricula and to the purpose of innovative educational philosophy,with the years of continuous exploration and practice,the clinical immunology examination curriculum has kept developing from the teaching staff,teaching condition,content of course,teaching method and means etc.,which has brought about satisfactory teaching effects. Thus it is forming the model curricula with special features.

OBJECTIVE:To study the pharmacodynamic effects of Yemazhui METHODS:Experiments were carried out with conventional cough and asthma models of mouse or guineapig and in vitro antibacterial test RESULTS:Intragastric administration of extracts of Yemazhui to mice,in dosages of 45 1g herb/kg,22 6g herb/kg and 11 3g herb/kg,could exert obvious antitussive,expectorant and antiasthmatic effects and the extract could inhibit common pathogenic bacteria CONCLUSI_ON:Extract of Yemazhui has antitussive,antiasthmatic and expectorant actions

To investigate the effects of ultra-fine powder technique on dissolution rates of the components in Andrographis paniculata.

To establish a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for the determination of baicalin in Xiaoyanling Decoction.

AIM: To investigate the effect of berberine (Ber) on the activation and proliferation of T lymphocytes and its mechanism of action. METHODS: Whole peripheral blood from normal subjects was stimulated with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) or phorbol ester (PDB) plus ionomycin (Ion) and the expression levels of CD69 and CD25 were evaluated with flow cytometry after the staining with appropriate fluorescent monoclonal antibody. The distribution of cell cycles was analyzed by propidium iodide staining and dead cells by 7-aminoactinomycin live staining. RESULTS: 100 ?mol/L and 50 ?mol/L of Ber had significant inhibition of the expression of CD69 on T cells stimulated with PDB plus Ion or PHA, while effect of 25 ?mol/L Ber was not significant. And as time of action extended, the extent of inhibition decreased. For the expression of CD25, Ber at the concentrations as above all exerted significant inhibitory effect in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, Ber could block lymphocytes cell cycle progression from G_0/G_1 phase to S and G_2/M phase without phase specificity. Besides, live staining analysis revealed that Ber did not have significant cytotoxicity on lymphocytes. CONCLUSIONS: Ber significantly inhibits the expression of early and mid activation antigens of T cells and also blocks the progression of lymphocytes cell cycles. These results suggest that Ber exerts immunosuppression effect through inhibiting the activation and proliferation of T cells.

OBJECTIVE: To study the bioequivalence of Bei Shi metformin hydrochloride(METBS) and Bo Lai metformin hyddrochloride tablets(METBL) in healthy volunteers.METHODS: A single oral dose of 1 OOOmg METBS and METBL were given to 20 healthy volunteers in an open randomized crossover study.Drug concentrations in serum were determined by HPLC.The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated and analysed by 3p97 program with a statistic analysis of ANOVA, two-one-side t - test and confidence zone of (la-2a)% .RESULTS: The Tmax, Cmax and AUC(10-24) of METBS tables and METBL tables were (2.42 + 1.03) h and (2.50+1.08) h, (2.22+0.69) ug/ml and (2.1210.47) ug/ml, (16.491 5.70) mg/ (h . L) and (16.98 + 6.38) mg/ (h . L), respectively.There were no significant differences between the two formulations in the Tmax, Cmax and AUC (0-24).CONCLUSION: The mean relative bioavailability of METBS tables was(98.29 + 11.98) % compared with METBL tables.The RESULTS: suggest that two products are bioequivalent.

AIM: To investigate the inhibitory effect of quercetin on in vitro activation of T lymphocytes by polyclonal activators with CD69 expression as an activation marker. METHODS: After being separated from lymphoid nodes of a C57BL/6 mouse, the lymphocytes were exposed to polyclonal activators (PDB or Con A) with or without quercetin. Then they were harvested at 2 h, 6 h and 24 h, respectively. The expressional rates of CD69 on T lymphocytes were assessed by two-color immunofluorescent staining and flow cytometry, and the inhibitory rates of quercetin at different time points were estimated. RESULTS: Quercetin had no effect on the expressional rate of CD69 on T lymphocytes under resting states. After the stimulation with PDB or Con A, the expressional rates of CD69 on T lymphocytes in the present of quercetin (10 ?mol/L) showed significant decrease compared with those of control groups at different time points (P

Clinical practice is an important stage in clinical education and the future career of the graduates. Taking the students of Clinical Inspection Major as an example,this article analyzes the questions need to be paid attention to in the clinical practice and the importance of pre-post training in increasing the quality of clinical practice.