Aim To quantitatively analyze the lymphocyte proliferation using the time-series data of carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester(CFSE).Methods The model of immune suppression in mice was created by cyclophosphamide and CFSE dye was used for staining the lymphocyte of both control group and treatment group animals. The data were analyzed through mathematical model-fitting.Results The first generation of cell proliferation of the control group and treatment group were 27.17 h and 22.88 h; cell death rates in each division were respectively 20% and 40%; the half-life of cells before the proliferation was respectively 31.53 h and 43.32 h.Conclusions The mathematical fitting of CFSE data can quantitatively analyze the mechanism of the drugs attecting the proliferation of lymphocyte.In this experiment the mechanism of cyclophosphamide inhibiting lymphocyte proliferation may be due to the increase of cell death rate of each division caused by cyclophosphamide.

Objective:To investigate the HLA-DRB1 allele polymorphism of the Tu race population in Qinghai region of China.Methods:Polymerase chain reaction and hybridizations of sequence-specific olignucleotide probe was used to detect HLA-DRB1 alleles in 50 unrelated healthy Tu individuals from Qinghai region,and the results were compared with those of minority populations in China.Results:Sixteen of alleles were detected and identified for HLA-DRB.HLA-DRB11*04,DRB1*08,DRB1*14,DRB1*15,DRB3*,DRB4* were the most common alleles.The frequency of DRB1*06,DRB1*07,DRB1*09,DRB1*13,DRB1*16,DRB1*23 were lower.Conclusion:The allelic polymorphism of HLA loci of Tu race population in Qinghai area has its own characteristics.

Objective To investigate the risk factors,clinical characteristics and outcomes in patients with acute myocardial infarction and history of stroke. Methods A total of 771 patients with acute myocardial infarction diagnosed and admitted to Xuanwu Hospital,Capital Medical University from January 2005 to March 2012 were analyzed retrospectively. They were divided into either a stroke group (n=387)or a control group (n=384)according to whether they had previous ischemic stroke or not. The risk factors for cardiovascular disease,clinical characteristics of the disease,and clinical outcomes of the patients in both groups were compared through the case control analysis. The endpoint events observed were acute ischemic stroke,cerebral hemorrhage,and cause of death during hospitalization. Results (1)The median age of the patients in both stroke and control groups was 71 (37-91 )and 62 (29-90 )years respectively. The female patients in the stroke group were more than those in the control group (n=125 vs. n=91). The incidence of complicated with hypertension (72. 9%[n=282]and 47. 6%[n=183]) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (39. 0%[n=151]and 20. 8%[n=80]respectively)were high. There was significant difference between the two groups (P<0. 01). (2)The time from the onset to admission in patients of the stroke group was longer than that in patients of the control group (median 11 h vs. 4 h). The incidence of non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (16. 0%[n = 62 ]and 1. 8%[n = 7 ] respectively)was higher. The incidences of complicated with gastric stress ulcer (7. 0%[n =27 ]and 2. 1%[n=8]respectively),atrial fibrillation (10. 6%[n=41]and 3. 9%[n=15]respectively),and acute pulmonary edema-cardiac function Killip class≥Ⅱ(51. 9%[n =201 ]and 37. 8%[n =145 ] respectively)were more higher. The findings of coronary angiography in patients of the stroke group were that the incidence of left main coronary artery or 3 -branch lesion higher than that of the control group (52. 9%[126/238]and 32. 4%[97/299]respectively). There was significant difference (P <0. 05). (3)The incidence of new stroke in patients of the stroke group (5. 7%[n =22 ]and 1. 8%[n =7 ] respectively)and in hospital mortality (13. 7%[n=53]and 7. 6%[n=29]respectively)were higher than those of the control group. There were significant differences (P<0. 01). Conclusion The age of the patients with acute myocardial infarction with previous identified history of stroke is older. The incidence of female patients is higher than that of the non-stroke patients,and most of them have risk factors that complicated with hypertension and diabetes mellitus. These patients often have the complications with peptic ulcer disease and heart failure,and their coronary angiography often show multi-branch lesions,and they are more prone to ischemic cardio-cerebrovascular events during the hospitalization.

Objective:To establish a method for the content determination of tetrahydropalmatine and imperatorin in Yuanhu Zhi-tong tablets by HPLC. Methods:An AKZONOBEL Kromasil 100-5 C18 column (250 mm × 4. 6 mm , 5μm) was used and the mobile phase consisted of methanol and 0. 1% phosphoric acid (52∶48) (adjusting pH to 6. 5 with triethylamine),the flow rate was 1. 0 ml· min-1 at the column temperature of 40℃, the detection wavelength was at 284 nm, and the injection volume was 10 μl. Results:The linear range of tetrahydropalmatine was 0.004 2-0.084 0 mg·ml-1(r=1.000 0). The average recovery was 97.72% with RSD of 1.10%(n=6). The linear range of imperatorin was 0.003 6-0.072 0 mg·ml-1(r=0.999 7). The average recovery was 97.99%with RSD of 0. 96%(n=6). The measurement results of 10 batches were stable and reliable. Conclusion:The method is simple and accurate, which can be used to improve the quality standard.

Objective To investigate the effect of targeted monitoring on the control of central venous catheter associated infection, study the difference of CVC?RI infection rate and the distribution of pathogenic bacteria in the general hospital and the maternal and child hospital, and analyse the main pathogenic bacteria drug resistance characteristics. Methods From January 2013 to December 2014,685 cases patients with central venous catheterization in the Port Hospital of Hebei Port Group Company Limited,and four cooperative hospitals ( Affiliated Hospital of North China University of Science and Technology, People′s Hospital of Tangshan, Tangshan Port Economic Development District Hospital, Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Laoting County) were selected as the research objects. The difference of infection rate before and after the targeted monitoring in 2014 was compared. The tip of the catheter and the peripheral blood were cultured in the patients with suspected infection,bacterial identification and drug sensitivity test were carried out using Compact VITEK2 automatic bacteria identification/drug sensitivity analyzer. Results The infection rate of CVC?RI of five hospitals was 18. 75%( 60/320 ) in 2013, 11. 51%( 42/365 ) in 2014, the difference of infection rate was statistically significant before and after the implementation of the target monitoring(χ2=7. 059,P<0. 05) . The CVC?RI infection rate was 15. 52%(81/522) in the general hospital,12. 88%(21/163) in the maternal and child hospital,the difference was not statistically significant(P>0. 05). In 102 cases of CVC?RI,105 bacterial strains were detected in 91 cases,gram positive bacteria accounted for 51. 43%( 54/105) ,gram negative bacilli accounted for 40. 95%( 43/105) ,fungi accounted for 7. 62%( 8/105) . There was no significant difference in the proportion of pathogenic bacteria in the general hospital and the maternal and child hospital(P>0. 05). Grampositive cocci were mainly staphylococcus aureus and coagulase negative staphylococci,they were completelysensitive to linezolid, quinupristin/ dalfopristin, tigecycline, and vancomycin. They were high sensitivity torifampicin,while highly resistant to gentamicin, tetracycline, penicillin; Gram negative bacilli were mainlypseudomonas aeruginosa and escherichia coli,they were high sensitivity to meropenem,imipenem,while resistantto multiple antimicrobia1s. Conclusion Adhere to the implementation of targeted monitoring help to reduce theoccurrence of CVC?RI. The isolation of pathogenic bacteria from multiple drug resistance should be paid moreattention.

Objective To discuss the effect of mirtazapine in depressive functional dyspepsia patients with weight loss (FD-WL).Methods As a randomized and controlled trial,seventy-two FD patients with weight loss and depression were randomly divided into mirtazapine group(n=24),paroxetine group(n=23) and conventional group(n=25),and all patients were treated for 8 weeks.The Nepean Dyspepsia Index (NDI)-symptom checklist,the Hamilton Rating Scale of Depression (HAMD),body weight were assessed before the treatment and after 2,4,6,8 week.Results (1) After 2-week treatment,the scores of NDI-symptom checklist and HAMD in mirtazapine group were significantly lower than that in paroxetine group and conventional group.After 4-week,6-week and 8-week treatment,the score of HAMD in mirtazapine group((13.34±1.52),(11.65±1.56),(10.15±1.36)) and paroxetine group((13.65±1.81),(11.34±1.21),(9.58±1.41))was significantly lower than that in conventional group((18.15±1.61),(17.20±2.14),(15.30±1.56)) (all P<0.05).But there was no statistically difference between mirtazapine group and paroxetine group (P>0.05).(2) After 6-week and 8-week treatment,the body weight in mirtazapine group((53.17±6.46)kg,(53.55±6.52)kg)was significantly higher compared with that in paroxetine group((49.47±5.72)kg,(49.57±5.81)kg)and conventional group((48.69±5.60)kg,(48.68±5.65)kg)(all P<0.05).After 8-week treatment,patients in mirtazapine group experienced a weight gain of(3.34±1.82)kg.Conclusion Mirtazapine not only can significantly improve dyspepsia symptoms and depressive scoring,but also can increase body weight.

Objective To understand the patients of congenital microtia malformation families knowledge of skin expander and influencing factors. Methods Self-made questionnaire to sample survey of 500 cases of our department (Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, the second microtia concer) patients′ families. Results 47.8％(239/500) of 500 patients of expander knowledge level is high, 41.2％(206/500) pass the exam, 11.0％(55/500) fall the exam, only 13.4％(67/500) really have a comprehensive understanding on expander achieve excellent. Scores of male and female were (16.06 ± 1.99) points and (16.39 ± 2.16) points, t = 1.752, P > 0.05, there was no statistically significant difference comparing the 2 group. Patients′ families score of different cultural levels, respectively (14.06 ± 2.36), (14.98 ± 2.02), (16.54 ± 2.00), (16.73 ± 1.88) points, F = 21.736, P < 0.01, difference of four groups was statistically significant. Different age patients′families score ( 16.21 ± 1.96), (16.62 ± 2.14), (14.86 ± 2.11), (13.98 ± 2.02), (13.73 ± 1.88) points, F = 15.685, P > 0.05, there was no statistically significant difference comparing the 5 groups. Patients with different professional families score (13.25 ± 2.19), (13.79±2.27), (16.08±1.89), (14.10±2.08), (14.13±2.35), (14.45±2.09), (14.56±1.75), (16.84± 1.81) points, F = 2.737, P < 0.01, difference of eight groups was statistically significant. Conclusions Congenital microtia patients′families skin expander knowledge needs to be improved, it is necessary to take various forms, conduct for families of expander knowledge through propaganda and education.

AIM: To investigate the characterization of absorption of hematoporphyrin monomerthyl ether (HMME), a domestic new generation photosensitizer product, by activated T cells from human peripheral blood. METHODS: Evaluation was performed by flow cytometry on the effects of incubating concentration and time of HMME on absorption by activated T cells. Lymphocytes were separated from human peripheral blood by density gradient centrifugation with Ficoll and T cells were activated with polyclonal stimulators PHA and PDB+Ion. To analyze the effects of HMME incubating doses on the absorption of activated T cells, the cultural lymphocytes were incubated with a serial doses of HMME for 1 h and HMME absorption were measured by FACS after immuno-staining with anti-CD3 antibody. To test the impact of HMME incubating time on the absorption of activated T cells, the cultural lymphocytes were incubated with HMME for various times and HMME absorption were measured by FACS after immuno-staining with anti-CD3 antibody. RESULTS: The HMME absorption-dose curve and absorption-time curve were shifted to right and up in the activated T cells as compared to resting T cells. HMME absorptions of activated T cells were statistic significantly larger than that of resting T cells in the doses between 5 mg/L to 20 mg/L. HMME absorptions of either activated T cells or resting T cells underwent a gradual increase with the incubation-time in HMME at concentration of 10 mg/L. HMME absorptions of activated T cells were statistic significantly larger than that of resting T cells in the incubation-time between 15 to 60 min. CONCLUSION: The differences of HMME absorption between activated T cells and resting T cells depend on the incubation times and doses of HMME. HMME absorption of activated T cells are significantly larger than that of resting T cells in certain incubation-times and doses. These results suggest that incubation time and dose associated with HMME-PDT therapeutic windows will be created for selective deletion of activated T cells.

Objective To investigate whether there is a correlation between cerebral microbleeds and warfarin-related intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Methods Thirty-four patients developed ICH after taking warfarin outside the hospital were used as microbleed group, and 54 patients without developing ICH after taking warfarin at the same period were used as control group. The general information, cerebrovascular risk factors, and laboratory tests, such as coagulation function and imaging findings of cerebral microbleeds between the two groups were compared. Results The detection rate of cerebral microbleeds (82.4% vs. 22.2%, P＜0.001)and the number of lesions (10.40±25.60 vs.0.60±1.09, P＜0.001) in the microbleed group were significantly higher and more than those in the control group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the international normalized ratio was too high (OR 4. 241,95% CI 1. 421-12. 198; P =0. 012), and cerebral microbleeds (OR 79. 827, 95% CI 6. 113-368. 13; P =0. 001 ) were the independent risk factor for warfarin-related ICH. Conclusions Cerebral microbleeds were the independent risk factors for warfarin-related ICH.

A total of 118 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were divided into acarbose treatment group ( A group,n =58 ) and no acarbose treatment group ( B group,n =60),and 57 healthy subjects were used as control group (C group).The quantification of fecal bifidobacteria and enterococcus faecalis in these subjects was made by realtime PCR.The results showed that fecal bifidobacteria contents in A and B groups were lower and enterococcus faecalis contents were higher compared with C group.After four weeks of intervention,fecal bifidobacteria contents in A and B groups increased ( P＜0.01 ),especially in A group,while enterococcus faecalis contents decreased ( P＜0.05 )compared with the baseline.Univariate correlation analysis showed that bifidobacteria content was negatively associated with lipopolysaccharides(LPS),advanced glycation index,high sensitive C reactive protein ( hs-CRP),and body mass index ( BMI ) at baseline ( P＜0.05 or P＜0.01 ).The enterococcus faecalis content was positively associated with levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1,LPS,tumor necrosis factor-α,hs-CRP,plasminogen activator inhibitor-1,BMI,and HbA1c (P ＜0.01 ).After four weeks of intervention,the above associations disappeared.Stepwise multivariate regression showed that basal BMI,HbA1c,and age contributed to the increase in the number of enterococcus faecalis,and BMI negatively contributed to the decrease in number of bifidobacteria.