ObjectiveTo explore the target of Erzhiwan in reducing myocardial injury in ovariectomized mice through non-targeted myocardial metabolomics combined with experimental verification. MethodsOvariectomized mouse model was selected， 40 female C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into sham operation group， model group， estrogen group（estradiol valerate， 1.3×10^-4 g·kg^-1）， Erzhiwan low and high dose groups（3.12， 9.36 g·kg^-1）， with 8 mice in each group. Each administration group was given the corresponding dose of Erzhiwan by gavage， and the sham operation group and model group were given equal volume of distilled water by gavage for 12 weeks. Echocardiography was used to detect cardiac function， hematoxylin-eosin（HE） staining was used to observe myocardial morphological changes， and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA） was used to detect the levels of estrogen， N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide（NT-proBNP）， hypersensitive troponin T（hs-TnT）， total cholesterol（TC）， triglyceride（TG）， low density lipoprotein cholesterol（LDL-C）， high density lipoprotein cholesterol（HDL-C）， interleukin（IL）-1β， IL-18 and tumor necrosis factor-α（TNF-α）. The non-targeted metabolomics of mouse myocardium were analyzed by ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-electrostatic field orbital trap high-resolution mass spectrometry（UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS）， and the differential metabolites and corresponding metabolic pathways were obtained. The mRNA expression levels of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase（PI3K） and protein kinase B（Akt） in mouse myocardial tissues were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction（Real-time PCR）， and the protein expression levels of PI3K， Akt， phosphorylated（p）-Akt were detected by Western blot. ResultsCompared with the sham operation group， the model group showed abnormal cardiac function， increased myocardial fiber space， cardiomyocyte atrophy， sarcoplasmic aggregation， and occasional dissolution or rupture of muscle fiber， the level of estrogen in the serum was decreased， the levels of NT-proBNP， hs-TnT， IL-1β， IL-18， TNF-α， TG， TC and LDL-C were increased， and the level of HDL-C was decreased（P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， Erzhiwan could increase the level of estrogen， improve the abnormal cardiac function， reduce the pathological injury of myocardial tissue， decrease the levels of myocardial injury markers（NT-proBNP， hs-TnT） and inflammatory factors（IL-1β， IL-18， TNF-α）， decrease the levels of TG， TC， LDL-C， and increased the level of HDL-C（P<0.01）. The results of non-targeted myocardial metabolomics showed that 31 of the 162 differential metabolites between the model group and sham operation group were significantly adjusted after administration of Erzhiwan， which were mainly glycerol phospholipid metabolites. Pathway enrichment results showed that Erzhiwan mainly affected glycerophospholipid metabolic pathway， PI3K-Akt pathway， cyclic guanosine monophosphate（cGMP）-protein kinase G（PKG） pathway and other metabolic pathways. Compared with the sham operation group， the levels of phosphatidylcholine（PC， 11 types） and phosphatidylethanolamine（PE， 5 types） in mouse myocardial tissue of the model group were increased（P<0.05， P<0.01）， and the mRNA and protein expressions of PI3K and p-Akt were decreased（P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the levels of PC（11 types） and PE（5 types） were decreased（P<0.05， P<0.01） in myocardial tissue of Erzhiwan group， the mRNA and protein expressions of PI3K and p-Akt were elevated（P<0.01）. ConclusionErzhiwan can alleviate the pathological injury of myocardium in ovariectomized mice， improve the abnormal cardiac function， improve lipid metabolism disorder， and reduce the levels of myocardial injury markers and inflammatory factors， which involves a number of signaling and metabolic pathways in the heart， among which glycerophospholipid metabolism pathway and PI3K/Akt pathway may have key roles.

Objective:To investigate the expression of N6-methyladenosine(m6A)reader heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2/B1(hnRNPA2B1)in human gastric cancer(GC)tissue and its effect on the proliferation and invasion of MKN-28 cells.Methods:The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus were used to analyze the expression of hnRNPA2B1 and long noncoding RNA(ln-cRNA)mir-100-let-7a-2-mir-125b-1 cluster host gene(MIR100HG)in GC tissue and their association with the clinical prognosis of patients with GC.Quantitative PCR and Western blotting were used to measure the effect of hnRNPA2B1 on the expression level of MIR100HG and its downstream Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway;Methylated RNA immunoprecipitation(MeRIP)was used to mea-sure the m6A level of MIR100HG;CCK-8 assay and Transwell assay were used to observe cell proliferation and invasion.Results:Com-pared with paracancerous tissue,human GC tissue showed significant increases in the expression levels of hnRNPA2B1(t=6.101,P<0.001)and MIR100HG(t=2.191,P=0.036 7),and the high expression levels of hnRNPA2B1 and MIR100HG were associated with poor survival in patients with GC.Knockdown of hnRNPA2B1 reduced the mRNA expression level(t=5.156,P=0.007)and m6A level of MIR100HG(t=4.789,P=0.010),inhibited the proliferation and invasion of MKN-28 cells(t=4.915,P=0.008 and t=5.167,P=0.007),and blocked the activity of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway(P<0.05).Overexpression of MIR100HG promoted cell pro-liferation and invasion(t=3.578,P=0.023 and t=8.411,P=0.001),activated the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway(P<0.01),and re-versed the antitumor effect induced by hnRNPA2B1 knockdown(t=3.667,P=0.021).Conclusion:This study shows that hnRNPA2B1-mediated m6A modification of MIR100HG promotes the proliferation and invasion of GC MKN-28 cells by activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.

Objective:To analyze patch test results in patients with rosacea, investigate the prevalence of contact sensitization, and identify common allergens, to provide relevant evidence for the diagnosis, treatment, and preventive interventions for rosacea.Methods:A cross-sectional retrospective survey was conducted to analyze the positive contact allergy rate and allergen distribution in 186 rosacea patients who underwent the 60-item China Standard Series Patch Test (CB-1000) at the Department of Dermatology, Peking University First Hospital, from January 2023 to September 2024.Results:Among the 186 patients, 159(85.5%) showed positive reactions in patch tests. The top three allergens with the highest positivity rates were: metal salts, preservatives and fragrances. The top 10 individual allergens with the highest positivity rates were: nickelsulfate hexahydrate 46.8%(87/186), cobaltchloride hexahydrate 29.0%(54/186), hydroperoxides of linalool 15.1%(28/186), carba mix 14.0%(26/186), propolis 9.7%(18/186), fragrance mix Ⅰ 8.6%(16/186), methyl dibromo glutaronitrile 8.1%(15/186), Peru balsam 7.5%(14/186), gold sodium thiosulfate dihydrate 7.5%(14/186), and hydroperoxides of limonene 7.5%(14/186). The overall positivity rate for cosmetics-related allergens was 56.5% (105/186), with the top five allergens being: hydroperoxide of linalool 15.1%(28/186), propolis 9.7%(18/186), fragrance mix Ⅰ 8.6%(16/186), methyl dibromo glutaronitrile 8.1%(15/186), and Peru balsam 7.5%(14/186).Conclusion:The overall positivity rate for patch test allergens in rosacea patients is high. The most common allergen types are metal salts, preservatives, and fragrance agents. Cosmetics-related allergens also show a high positivity rate. Rosacea patients should avoid exposure to these allergens.

Objective:To develop an artificial intelligence (AI)-based platelet review strategy to identify abnormal platelet histograms with no significant difference between initial impedance platelet count (PLT-I) and PLT-F results.Methods:This study included 5 119 routine blood analysis in Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University and its Ganzhou branch from July 2023 and March 2024. Specimens exhibiting abnormal platelet histograms and an initial platelet count >40×10?/L underwent review using the fluorescent platelet count (PLT-F) channel. Consistency of the results was defined as a difference between impedance platelet count (PLT-I) and PLT-F less than ±20% of the PLT-F results. A deep learning model was developed using platelet and red blood cell histogram data from a training set of 3 807 specimens. The model′s diagnostic performance was evaluated on an independent external validation set ( n=805) using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Changes in the number of reviewed samples and sample turnaround time were analyzed to assess its clinical utility. Results:The deep learning model based on platelet and red blood cell histograms achieved an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.854 in the training set. At a cutoff value of 0.1, the sensitivity was 0.954 and specificity was 0.358. The model could reduce review by 16.80% (190/1 131). In the validation set, the AUC was 0.805, with a sensitivity of 0.955 and specificity of 0.307, corresponding to a reduction of 17.41% (47/270) in reviewed specimens.Conclusion:The platelet review prediction model developed based on deep learning technology can efficiently identify samples with consistent results before and after review, reducing unnecessary reviews and shortening specimen testing time, thereby improving the efficiency of platelet test.

Objective To explore the mechanism of TubA in the treatment of ulcerative colitis in mice,and to lay a foundation for the treatment strategy of ulcerative colitis.Methods Twenty C57BL/6 mice aged 6-8 weeks were randomly divided into 4 groups(n=5):the control group drank pure water every day,the model group and the treatment groups drank 3％dextran sulfate sodium(DSS)every day,and the treatment groups were injected with 10 mg/kg TubA and 20 mg/kg TubA every day from the third day,respectively.The weight changes of mice in all groups were recorded.Nine days later,the serum of mice was collected,and the expression levels of inflammatory factors IL-1β,IL-6 and IL-10 in serum were detected by ELISA.HE staining was used to observe the pathological changes of the mouse colon.The expression of myeloperoxidase(MPO)was detected by immunohistochemistry,the mRNA levels of inflammatory factors IL-1β,IL-6 and IL-10 were detected by RT-qPCR,and the expressions of GPX4 and FTH were detected by immunohistochemistry.The mRNA and protein expression levels of GPX4,GCLM,FTH,Nrf2,Keap1 and HO-1 in colon tissues were detected by RT-qPCR and Western blotting.Results Compared with the control group,the body weight and colon length of the model group decreased significantly.HE staining showed that inflammatory cells infiltrated the mucosa and submucosa of colon tissue,goblet cells were lost and crypt structure disordered and disappeared.Immunohistochemistry showed that the expression of MPO and FTH proteins were significantly increased,while the expression of GPX4 protein was significantly decreased(P＜0.05).The mRNA and protein expression levels of IL-1β and IL-6 were significantly increased,while the mRNA and protein expression levels of IL-10 were significantly decreased(P＜0.05).The mRNA and protein expression levels of FTH,Nrf2 and HO-1 were significantly increased,while the mRNA and protein expression levels of GPX4,GCLM and Keap1 were significantly decreased(P＜0.05).After TubA treatment,compared with the model group,all these changes mentioned above suppressed(P＜0.05).Conclusion TubA may reduce ulcerative colitis symptoms by inhibiting ferroptosis,providing new ideas for the treatment of ulcerative colitis.

Objective To investigate the bacterial contamination of water specimens at different pre-discharge time of flexible endoscopic final rinse water before daily use,and provide reference basis for choosing the optimal pre-dis-charge time in clinical work.Methods From August to December 2023,the water produced by the purified water equipment of the digestive endoscopy centers of 4 tertiary first-class medical institutions in Jiangxi Province,as well as the final rinsing water at the terminal-point at different pre-discharge times(before pre-discharge,discharge of 1,3,5,and 10 minutes)were subjected to on-site sampling,the collected water specimens were performed microbio-logical cultures by pouring and filter membrane methods,unqualified water specimens were performed bacterial i-dentification.Results 48 specimens of water produced by purified water equipment were collected,with qualified rate of 100％.480 final water specimens were collected,with a qualified rate of 0 before pre-discharge.The quali-fied rates of pre-discharge at 1,3,5,and 10 minutes were 0,21.88％,55.21％,and 73.96％,respectively.Bac-terial colony counts in the final rinse water with different pre-discharge times in 4 medical institutions showed statis-tically significant differences(all P＜0.001).As the pre-discharge time increased,bacterial colony counts in the fi-nal rinse water of all four medical institutions showed a decreasing trend.The pairwise comparison of the overall bacterial colony count of the final rinse water at different pre-discharge time showed that there was no statistically significant difference in the bacterial colony count of the final rinse water at 5 and 10 minutes of pre-discharge(P＞0.05),while the pairwise comparison between other time points showed statistically significant differences(all P＜0.001).Environmental contaminated bacteria such as Micrococcus luteus,Cupriavidus paucula,and Sphin-gononas paucimobilis were detected from the unqualified water specimens.Conclusion With the extension of pre-discharge time,the degree of bacterial contamination in the final rinse water significantly decreases.All levels of medical institutions need to pre-discharge the final rinse water daily,and the pre-discharge time should last for at least 5 minutes.

Environmental Microbiology, as a compulsory foundational course for the major of environmental and ecological engineering. Its knowledge system not only lays a profound theoretical foundation but also evinces a close-knit nexus to practical applications in environmental protection and ecological restoration. This course thus serves as an outstanding platform facilitating both teaching reforms and practical innovations of professional courses. With Environmental Microbiology as a paradigmatic illustration, this paper concentrates on addressing issues like archaic course contents and enervating teaching approaches, with the aspiration of augmenting students' professional acuities, practical dexterities, and innovation and entrepreneurial aptitudes. In light of the aforesaid aim, we initiated an all-encompassing probe into the teaching reform and practicable paradigms from the perspective of amalgamating professional education with innovation-steered stratagems. Across multiple fronts, comprehensive reformative undertakings were implemented, subsuming the optimization and reconfiguration of course contents, the exploration of sundry teaching methodologies, and the scientific erection of an evaluation system. Ultimately, a nascent teaching model dubbed "three-dimensional, six-loop and five-collaborative" was formed. This series of comprehensive and innovative reform measures has not only substantially augmented the profundity and extensiveness of professional knowledge, permeating into the core of disciplinary essence, but also remarkably bolstered students' practical operational capabilities and innovative thinking patterns, thereby catalyzing their transformation into well-rounded individuals with a competitive edge. By virtue of these efforts, a solid foundation has been firmly laid for the teaching reform of Environmental Microbiology and the cultivation of high-caliber environmental professionals in the contemporary era, heralding a new chapter in the development of environmental education.
Environmental Microbiology ; Teaching ; Education, Professional/methods* ; Curriculum

Objective:To investigate the efficacy and safety of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) for the treatment of BCR::ABL-negative chronic neutrophilic leukemia (CNL) and MDS/MPN with neutrophilia.Methods:This study retrospectively analyzed 12 cases of CNL and MDS/MPN with neutrophilia that underwent allo-HSCT from March 2017 to June 2024, comprising 7 males and 5 females with a median age of 48 ( IQR: 28, 59) years. The 2-year overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), cumulative incidence of relapse (CIR), and transplantation-related mortality (TRM) rates were analyzed. Complications were also assessed. Results:Of the 12 patients, 6 received matched sibling HSCT and 6 received haploidentical HSCT. All patients had successful engraftment, and the median times of neutrophil and platelet engraftment were 17 ( IQR: 11, 24) days and 15 ( IQR: 9, 28) days, respectively. Grade Ⅱ–Ⅳ acute graft versus host disease (GVHD) and chronic GVHD occurred in 2 and 4 cases, respectively. The 2-year OS, DFS, CIR, and TRM rates were (65.6 ± 16.4) %, (41.7 ± 16.6) %, (47.2 ±18.2) %, and (11.1 ± 11.4) %, respectively, after a median follow-up time of 637 ( IQR: 330, 943) days. One patient died from treatment-related complications due to respiratory failure caused by coronavirus disease 2019. Two patients died due to relapse. Conclusion:Allo-HSCT can be applied as a safe and effective approach to treat CNL and MDS/MPN with neutrophilia.

Objective To investigate the current status of cleaning and disinfection of endoscopic biopsy valves in three digestive endoscopy centers in Jiangxi Province,and evaluate the effectiveness of establishing a standard opera-tional procedure(SOP)of cleaning and disinfection for flexible endoscopic biopsy valves.Methods The cleaning and disinfection procedures of biopsy valves in three digestive endoscopy centers were recorded using on-site investi-gation method(the control group).Based on relevant literature and manufacturer manuals at home and abroad,SOP was established and cleaning and disinfection training for cleaning professional was provided(the trial group).Biop-sy valve specimens from two groups were taken.The disinfection qualified rate,microbial positivity rate before dis-infection,and microbial load after disinfection before and after procedure improvement were compared between two groups.Results A total of 180 biopsy valve specimens were taken from two groups(60 specimens from endoscopy centers A,B,and C each).On-site investigation showed that the cleaning and disinfection procedure for biopsy valves was inconsistent among the three endoscopy centers.The total qualified rate of disinfection in the trial group was higher than that in the control group(95.5％vs 83.3％),with statistically significant difference(P＜0.05).The total microbe positive rate of biopsy valves from the trial group was lower than that from the control group(25.0％ vs 57.2％),with statistically significant difference(P＜0.05).The difference in microbial load after disin-fection between two groups of biopsy valves was statistically significant(Z=-6.47,P＜0.05).Conclusion Al-though being a tiny accessory,the flexible endoscopic biopsy valve can be a potential source of infection if not tho-roughly cleaned and disinfected.Developing SOP can help improve the cleaning effectiveness of biopsy valves.At present,there is no unified standards for the cleaning and disinfection procedure of endoscopic biopsy valves.In the future,standardization of the SOP for biopsy valves should be continuously explored,so as to reduce the risk of cross infection.

Objective To compare the effectiveness of cobalt chloride test papers and borescope in evaluating the drying of endoscopes,providing a reference for clinical selection of appropriate assessment tools.Methods 10 gastroscopes and 10 colonoscopes procedures were selected from November 2023 to March 2024 for circulation experiments.After endoscope reprocessing,they were randomly divided into five groups with different drying times(30 s,3 min,6 min,9 min,and 12 min)with 200 samples.Cobalt chloride test paper and borescope were used to evaluate the drying effectiveness.Results The qualified rate of gastrointestinal endoscope by borescope was significantly higher than that by cobalt chloride test paper,but cobalt chloride test paper was obviously better than that by borescope in convenience and cost-effectiveness.The borescope had the function of visualization,and the quantitative positioning observation of residual droplets showed that there were a large number of droplets left after gastrointestinal endoscope drying for 30 s,and the number of droplets was obviously reduced after drying for 3 min.Among them,the gastroscope was mainly light(1～5 drops/strip)and none(0 drops/strip),and the colonoscope was mainly moderate(6～10 drops/strip)and light droplets.Compared with different drying times,there was a significant statistical difference in the number of residual droplets in the endoscope(P<0.01),and the localized droplets mainly remained in the distal bending part and the proximal bifurcation part of the lumen.Conclusion Both cobalt chloride test papers and borescope are important methods for assessing endoscope drying efficacy,each with its own advantages and limitations.Clinicians can use both methods in combination to comprehensively evaluate the overall dryness of endoscopes,thereby ensuring the safety and effectiveness of the endoscope reprocessing process.