Objective To design a patient-specific distal femoral cutting guide for total knee arthroplasty using rapid prototyping and 3D printing technology and compare with conventional instrumentation.Methods A prospective self-control study was performed in 32 patients who underwent bilateral total knee arthroplasty between March 2015 and November 2015 in our department.The bilateral knee joints were randomly divided into patient-specific guide group and traditional surgery group.The patient-specific guide group obtained CT data of the lower extremities preoperatively.Patient-specific distal femoral cutting guides were designed and manufactured using rapid prototyping and 3D printing techniques.The traditional surgery group were performed using conventional instrumentation.The operation time of the two groups was recorded,and the amount of distal femoral osteotomy was measured.Postoperative alignments were measured including the angle of the lower limb mechanical axis angle (hipknee-ankle Angle,HKA),the mechanical lateral distal femoral angle (mLDFA),and the mechanical proximal tibial angle (mMPTA).In different follow-up points Hospital for Specific Surgery scores of the knee were recorded.Results In the coronal position,the postoperative mLDFA was 90.34°± 1.6° in the patient-specific guide group and 91.37°± 1.8° in the conventional surgery group.The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (t=-2.452,P=0.020).In the patient-specific guide group,the HKA angle was 0.36°±2.35°,and the conventional surgery group was 0.87°±1.85°.The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (t=-2.332,P=0.043).If preoperative mLDFA≤93°,there was no significant difference in postoperative mLDFA between the two groups (t=-1.409,P ＞ 0.05).If preoperative mLDFA ＞ 93°,there was a significant difference in postoperative mLDFA between the two groups (t=-4.145,P=0.004).In addition,the operation time of the patient-specific guide group was significantly shorter (t=-2.425,P ＜ 0.05),but the two groups did not have significant functional differences in the early postoperative period.Conclusion The 3D-printed patient-specific distal femoral cutting guide can significantly shorten the operation time and improve postoperative alignments.It is simple to operate.However,large sample sizes and long-term follow-up studies are still needed to verify their long-term effects.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of pulsatilla saponin A （PSA） on proliferation and apoptosis of human Burkitt lymphoma （BL） cell line Raji cells and expression of related pathway proteins. MethodWith Raji cells as the research object， the cell proliferation was detected by cell counting kit-8 （CCK-8） method， and the half-maximal inhibitory concentration （IC₅₀） values of 24 h， 48 h and 72 h were calculated to be 19.77， 18.31， 16.70 μmol·L^-1， respectively. In subsequent related experiments， 0， 8， 16， 32 μmol·L^-1 PSA were selected according to the IC₅₀ value of Raji cells treated with PAS for 72 h. After 0， 8， 16， 32 μmol·L^-1 PSA acted on Raji cells for 24， 48， 72 h， the optical density values of cell growth curve were detected by CCK-8 method. The zymogen activities of cysteine aspartate-specific protease （Caspase）-3， Caspase-8 and Caspase-9 in Raji cells treated with 0， 8， 16 and 32 μmol·L^-1 PSA for 24 h were measured by Caspase-3， Caspase-8 and Caspase-9 colorimetric assay kit. The apoptosis rate and cell cycle of Raji cells treated with different concentrations of PSA after 24 h were detected by flow cytometry. The expression of B-cell lymphoma 2 （Bcl-2）， Bcl-2-associated X protein （Bax）， cleaved poly（ADP-ribose） polymerase （cleaved PARP）， cleaved cysteinyl aspartate-specific protease-3 （cleaved Caspase-3） apoptosis related protein and Janus kinase 2 （JAK2）， signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 （STAT3）， phosphorylated-JAK2 （p-JAK2）， and phosphorylated- STAT3 （p-STAT3） pathway proteins in Raji cells after 24 h of treatment with 0， 8， 16 and 32 μmol·L^-1 PSA were tested by Western blot. ResultCompared with control group， decreased cell survival rate， inhibited cell proliferation， activated zymogens of Caspase-3， Caspase-8 and Caspase-9 （P<0.01）， increased apoptosis （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and enhanced cell cycle arrest in Gap phase 2 （G₂） were observed in 8， 16 and 32 μmol·L^-1 PSA groups（P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with control group， cells treated with 8， 16 and 32 μmol·L^-1 PSA had lower expression of Bcl-2， p-JAK2， p-STAT3 proteins （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and higher expression of Bax， cleaved PARP and cleaved Caspase-3 protein （P<0.01）， while no significant change was found in the expression of JAK2 and STAT3 proteins. ConclusionPSA could inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis of Raji cells， and its potential mechanism might be related to the regulation of JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of Qiling Baitouweng Tang （QLBTWT） on proliferation and apoptosis， Janus kinase 2 （JAK2）/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 （STAT3） signaling pathway and interleukin-10 （IL-10） in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma （DLBCL）. MethodWith human DLBCL cells OCI-LY10 and U2932 as research objects， cell proliferation was detected by cell counting kit-8 （CCK-8） assay. After treatment with 0， 4.6， 9.3， 18.7， 37.5， 75， 150 mg·L^-1 QLBTWT for 24 h， the half-inhibitory concentration （IC₅₀） of OCL-LY10 and U2932 cells was calculated to be 9.33， 16.13 mg·L^-1， respectively， based on which， 9.5， 19， 38 mg·L^-1 QLBTWT were selected for subsequent experiments. After 0， 9.5， 19， 38 mg·L^-1 QLBTWT treatment for 24 h， the zymogen activities of Caspase-3， Caspase-8 and Caspase-9 in OCI-LY10 and U2932 cells were detected using corresponding activity assay kits （colorimetric）， and the IL-10 expression was detected by enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay （ELISA）. The apoptosis rate and cell cycle of OCI-LY10 and U2932 cells treated with different concentrations of QLBTWT for 24 h were detected by flow cytometry. The expressions of apoptosis-related proteins ［B-cell lymphoma 2 （Bcl-2）， Bcl-2-associated X protein （Bax）， cleaved poly adenosine diphosphate ribose polymerase （cleaved PARP）， cleaved Caspase-3］， JAK2， STAT3， phospho-JAK2 （p-JAK2）， phospho-STAT3 （p-STAT3） pathway proteins， and c-Myc protein in OCL-LY10 and U2932 cells after 24 h treatment with 0， 9.5， 19， 38 mg·L^-1 QLBTWT were all tested by Western blot. ResultAfter QLBTWT treatment on OCI-LY10 and U2932 cells for 24 h， cell proliferation was inhibited in each QLBTWT group compared with that in the control group （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The zymogens of Caspase-3， Caspase-8 and Caspase-9 were activated （P<0.01）， and there was an increase in cell apoptosis （P<0.05， P<0.01） and cell cycle arrest at Gap phase1 （G₁） phase in 9.5， 19 and 38 mg·L^-1 QLBTWT group （P<0.05， P<0.01）. After 9.5， 19 and 38 mg·L^-1 QLBTWT treatment on OCI-LY10 and U2932 cells for 24 h， the expressions of Bcl-2， p-JAK2 and p-STAT3 proteins were decreased （P<0.01）， and the expressions of Bax， cleaved PARP and cleaved Caspase-3 proteins were increased （P<0.01）， but no significant change was observed in the expressions of JAK2 and STAT3 proteins. Compared with the conditions in the control group， the expressions of c-Myc， p-JAK2， and p-STAT3 proteins were down-regulated in 19 mg·L^-1 QLBTWT group and 19 mg·L^-1 QLBTWT+10 μg·L^-1 IL-10 group （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and up-regulated in 10 μg·L^-1 IL-10 group （P<0.05， P<0.01）， while there was no difference in JAK2/STAT3 proteins. ConclusionQLBTWT can inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis of human DLBCL cells OCI-LY10 and U2932， and the potential mechanism may be related to the regulation of JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway.