The concept,theory model and practical studies of public health information searching behaviors in foreign countries were summarized in order to provide the international experiences that should be learned by domestic scholars and the evidence for domestic health education institutions to work out health education-related policies, and open up a novel approach for improving the public health management ability in our country.

AIM: To compare pharmacokinetics and relative bioavailability of telmisartan capsule (T) and telmisartan tablet(R). METHODS: 20 male healthy Chinese volunteers were enrolled in a randomized two-way crossover designs with a single-oral dose study(80 mg once per day for each preparation). The plasma telmisatan concentration was determined by HPLC- fluorescence detector. Plasma levels of telmisatan were followed up to 96 h. Area under the telmisartan concentration time curve was calculated by variance analysis and the bioequivalent was determined by two one-side t-test. RESULTS: A two-compartment model was adopted in telmisartan plasma concentration-time data analysis. The pharmacokinetic parameters of T and R in single-dose study including Cmax (μg·L-1), Tmax (h), T1/2β (h), MRT(h), AUC0-92(μg·h·L-1) were as following: 456±253 and 760±314, 1.61±0.71 and 1.08±0.36, 22.39±6.29 and 21.08±5.24, 27.02±6.23 and 24.27±5.79, 3454±1050 and 3635±1300, respectively. Statistically significant differences were observed between the parameter values of the two products in Cmax and Tmax; whereas there was no statistically significant difference between AUC0-∞μg·h·L-1 (3601±1095 and 3767±1399). The relative bioavailability for T was 97.28%±12.74%. CONCLUSION: The test telmisartan capsule is bioequivalent to the reference tablet.

It was found that the training targets, offered courses and training levels differed greatly in China and foreign countries by comparing the domestic and foreign education of health information management and the offered courses for undergraduates in 8 foreign and 11 domestic medical universities , indicating thateducation of healthin -formation management should be internationalized and standardized with the IMIA international recommendations as its guidance , its training target defined, and its course system rationalized .

BACKGROUND:A novel biodegradable Mg-Zn alloy has been designed,in which the density and the Young's modulus are proximal to human bone,at the same time,it depletes the toxicity of aluminium and rare earth element in commercial magnesium alloys.OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the cytocompatibility of biodegradable Mg-Zn alloy.DESIGN,TIME AND SETTING:Contrast study was performed in the central laboratory of the Sixth People's Hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University between November 2007 and March 2008.MATERIALS:The Mg-6wt%Zn was prepared by School of Materials Science and Engineering of Shanghai Jiao Tong University,with the density was 1.82 g/cm3 and the Young's modulus was 44 GPa.L-929 cells for cytocompatibility test were provided by Chinese Academy of Science Type Culture Collection.Ten male New Zealand rabbits were employed in the hemolysis test.METHODS:The Mg-Zn alloy extraction medium was prepared by serial dilutions with fresh medium to 10%,50% and 100%.The experiments were carried out in a 96-well tissue-culture plate.Simple DMEM culture solution was taken as negative controls,while DMEM culture solution supplemented with 0.64% phenol served as positive controls.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Relative proliferation rate of L-929 cells was determined at 2,4 and 7 days with MTT assay.The cytotoxicity of Mg-Zn alloy was evaluated according to ISO 10993-5:1999.The L-929 cell morphology and growth at 2,4 and 7 days were determined under inverted microscope.Based on ISO 10993-4:2002,hemolysis in vitro was evaluated through measuring erythrocyte lysis and ferrohemoglobin freeing degree with indirect contact method.RESULTS:The number of L-929 cells increased significantly and the morphology was not changed.The growth and morphology of cells in different Mg-Zn extraction medium had no difference from negative control group.Cytotoxicity test showed that biodegradable Mg-Zn alloy did not have obvious toxicity on L-929 cells,and the cytotoxicity of these extracts was in grade 0-1.Hemolysis test suggested that the Mg-Zn alloys did not have obvious hemolysis reaction,and the hemolysis index was 3.4%,which was less than the national standard (5%).CONCLUSION:The Mg-Zn alloys do not have obvious cytotoxicity and hemolysis reaction,which demonstrate that Mg-Zn alloys have good cytocompatibility.

OBJECTIVETo observe the effects of polydatin on dynamic changes of excitatory amino acids in cerebrospinal fluid and water content of brain tissue of cerebral hemorrhage rats. And to discuss the therapeutic action and mechanisms of polydatin on brain hemorrhagic injured rats.

METHODA quantitative determination method of Asp and Glu was established by microdialysis-HPLC. The cerebral hemorrhage model in rats was induced by local injection of type VII collagenase. The dynamic changes of Asp and Glu in cerebrospinal fluid were observed on 0, 6, 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 84, 96, 108 h of cerebral hemorrhage rats, and then the water content of brain tissue was detected.

RESULTThe content of Asp and Glu increased rapidly within 24 h after cerebral hemorrhage, and to the highest in 24 h, then decreased gradually. Compared with the cerebral hemorrhage model group, the content of Asp and Glu increased slowly in polydatin group, and there were significant differences in 12-72 h and 6-84 h (P < 0.01, P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference after 84 h and 96 h. Compared with sham group, water content of brain tissue significantly higher in model group, while significantly lower (P < 0.01) in polydatin group.

CONCLUSIONPolydatin can inhibit increasing content of Asp and Glu in cerebrospinal fluid dynamics, and significantly inhibit cerebral edema of cerebral hemorrhage rats. It shows that the mechanisms of anti-cerebral hemorrhage injury of polydatin may be related to increasing of excitatory amino acids after cerebral hemorrhage.

Animals ; Aspartic Acid ; cerebrospinal fluid ; Cerebral Hemorrhage ; cerebrospinal fluid ; drug therapy ; Disease Models, Animal ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Excitatory Amino Acids ; cerebrospinal fluid ; Glucosides ; therapeutic use ; Glutamic Acid ; cerebrospinal fluid ; Humans ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Stilbenes ; therapeutic use

OBJECTIVETo explore permeability of artificial blood-brain barrier (aBBB) by oxygen-glucose deprivation combined (OGD)-induced using tetramethylpyrazine combined with puerarin in vitro.

METHODRats were divided into normal control group, model group, tetramethylpyrazine group, puerarin group, tetramethylpyrazine-puerarin group and nimodipine group. Culture rat brain microvascular endothelial cells and astrocytes in vitro and build the OGD-induced aBBB damage model. Evaluate aBBB damage characteristics by TEER, gamma-GT, AKP and LDH. Determine contents of tetramethylpyrazine, puerarin, nimodipine and calculate drug permeating concentration of OGD-induced aBBB model by HPLC.

RESULTCompared with the model, the level of TEER was lower than the control group with significant difference (P < 0.01). The levels of gamma-GT, AKP in tetramethylpyrazine group, tetramethylpyrazine-puerarin group and nimodipine group were higher than the model group, the differences were significant (P < 0.01). Compared with tetramethylpyrazine group or puerarin group, the level of AKP of tetramethylpyrazine-puerarin group increased significantly (P < 0.01). The differences of levels of TEER, gamma-GT, AKP and LDH between tetramethylpyrazine-puerarin group and nimodipinthe group were significant (P < 0.05). Tetramethylpyrazine-puerarin group has a synergistic effect of increasing TEER, gamma-GT, AKP and reducing LDH. The permeating rate in tetramethylpyrazine-puerarin group was higher than tetramethylpyrazine group and puerarin group.

CONCLUSIONTetramethylpyrazine-puerarin can permeate aBBB more easily and protect aBBB. The cause may relate to reducing the permeability of the OGD-induced aBBB.

Animals ; Blood-Brain Barrier ; drug effects ; Drug Combinations ; Glucose ; physiology ; Isoflavones ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Male ; Oxygen ; physiology ; Permeability ; Pyrazines ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of 3'-methoxy puerarin on cerebral infarction volume and free radical change of focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats and discuss the protective effect of 3'-methoxy puerarin on the cerebral ischemic/ reperfusion injury.

METHODThe thread method was used to induce middle cerebral artery embolization, to establish the focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion model. Rats were divided into five groups: the sham and model group, the two-dose group (5, 10 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1)) of 3'-methoxy puerarin and nimodipine group (5 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1)). The behavior changes and volume of cerebral infarction were observed, and the leves of SOD and the content of MDA were measured.

RESULT3'-methoxy puerarin could significantly improve the symptoms of neurological deficit and reduce the infarct volume, and increased SOD activity and reduced the content of MDA of cortex in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury rat, the action of 10 mg x kg(-1) of 3'-methoxy puerarin is more remarkable.

CONCLUSION3'-methoxy puerarin has protective effect on focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat.

Animals ; Brain Ischemia ; drug therapy ; prevention & control ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Humans ; Isoflavones ; pharmacology ; Male ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reperfusion Injury ; drug therapy ; prevention & control

OBJECTIVETo study the incidence of implantation metastasis of breast cancer in vacuum-assisted breast biopsy (VABB) needle tract in Chinese patients and evaluate the effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy on needle tract metastasis following VABB.

METHODSThe breast cancer patients with established diagnosis by VABB were divided into two groups to receive open surgery or neoadjuvant chemotherapy prior to open surgery. The incidence of needle tract metastasis, disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were compared between the two groups.

RESULTSA total of 214 patients were enrolled, among whom 94 directly underwent surgeries and 120 had neoadjuvant chemotherapy before surgery. The two groups showed no significant differences in the incidence of needle tract metastasis (3.2% vs 0.8%, P=0.206), DFS (P=0.221), or OS (P=0.531).

CONCLUSIONThe incidence of needle tract metastasis is low after VABB, and neoadjuvant chemotherapy does not increase this risk.

Biopsy, Needle ; methods ; Breast ; Breast Neoplasms ; pathology ; Disease-Free Survival ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Needles ; Neoadjuvant Therapy ; Neoplasms, Second Primary ; drug therapy ; Vacuum

Objective:To investigate the correlation of peripheral blood relative mitochondrial DNA copy number(mtDNAcn)with intrinsic capacity and body composition, and to identify potential biomarkers for healthy aging.Methods:Clinical data of 416 patients admitted to our hospital from September 2019 to June 2021 were consecutively collected.MtDNA was extracted from peripheral blood of these subjects, and mtDNAcn was determined by a real-time fluoresence quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR). Intrinsic capacity assessment included 5 aspects that were exercise[Morse Fall Scale(MFS), Physiological Frailty Phenotype(PFP), Sarcopenia Questionnaire(SARC-CALF), Short Physical Performance Battery(SPPB), Time Up and Go Test(TUG)]; vitality[Mini Nutritional Assessment(MNA), Multidimensional Prognostic Index(MPI)]; cognition[Mini-Mental State Examination(MMSE)scale]; psychology[Geriatric Depression Scale(GDS), Self-rating Anxiety Scale(SAS)]; sensory capacities[Cumulative Illness Rating Scale-the Comorbidity Index(CIRS-CI)]. To assess body composition, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to measure body fat, including trunk fat, total body fat, fat in the abdominal region, fat in the buttock region, and then to calculate fat index(FMI)and limb skeletal muscle mass index(ASMI).Results:Spearman correlation analysis showed that mtDNAcn had a negatively correlation with age( r=-0.176, P<0.05). After adjustment for gender and body mass index, partial correlation analysis showed mtDNAcn were still negatively correlated with age( r=-0.144, P<0.05). Furthermore, mtDNAcn was significantly correlated with 4 m gait speed, the scores of SARC-CalF, MFS, MNA, MMSE, MPI and its sub-scale's Activities of Daily Living(ADL)and Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire(SPMSQ)( r=0.171, -0.207, -0.163, 0.221, 0.184, -0.210, 0.241, -0.269, all P<0.05). After adjustment for age, gender and body mass index, partial correlation analysis showed mtDNAcn still had a significant correlation with gait speed, the scores of MFS, MNA, MPI and SPMSQ( r=0.170, -0.170, 0.148, -0.242, -0.188, all P<0.05). In addition, the Spearman correlation analysis showed that mtDNAcn was positively correlated with FMI, trunk fat, total body fat, abdominal fat and fat in the buttock region( r=0.168, 0.143, 0.175, 0.116, 0.199, all P<0.05). However, after adjustment for age and gender, mtDNAcn was only correlated with FMI, total body fat, fat in the buttock region( r=0.126, 0.131, 0.127, all P<0.05). On the other hand, multiple linear regression analysis showed that mtDNAcn was significantly correlated with age, gait speed, FMI, total body fat, fat in the buttock region, the scores of MFS, PFP, MNA and MPI( β=-0.191, 0.156, 0.126, 0.131, 0.125, -0.119, -0.145, 0.151, -0.171, all P<0.05). Conclusions:MtDNAcn is correlated with physical function, frailty, nutrition, falling, cognition and body composition, and may be considered as a biomarker for the evaluation of the locomotion and vitality of human intrinsic capacity.

Objective To investigate the pattern of lymph node metastasis and analyze prognostic factors of Siewert type Ⅱ adenocarcinoma of esophagogastric junction (AEG).Methods The retrospective case-control study was conducted.The clinicopathological data of 368 patients with Siewert type Ⅱ AEG who were admitted to Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital from June 2010 and November 2015 were collected.There were 323 males and 45 females,aged from 35 to 80 years,with an average age of 64 years.Of 368 patients,209 underwent left transthoracic surgery,1 12 underwent thoracoabdominal surgery,and 47 underwent Ivor-Lewis surgery.Observation indicators:(1) total lymph node metastasis and metastasis of various lymph node stations;(2) follow-up and survival;(3) prognostic factors analysis;(4) influencing factors affecting thoracic lymph node metastasis.Follow-up using outpatient examination and telephone interview was performed to detect survival of patients up to November 2018.Measurement data with skewed distribution were represented as M (range).Count data were represented as absolute number or percentage.The survival time and rate were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method.The univariate and multivariate analyses were done by the COX proportional hazard model.Results (1) Total lymph node metastasis and metastasis of various lymph node stations:the total lymph node metastasis rate was 66.58％ (245/368) in 368 patients.The metastasis rates of abdominal lymph nodes,thoracic lymph nodes,lower mediastinal lymph nodes,and upper mediastinal lymph nodes were 65.49％ (241/368),12.77％ (47/368),12.23％ (45/368),and 1.09％ (4/368),respectively.The order of metastasis rate of various lymph node stations from high to low was 51.99％(170/237) of No.7 left gastric artery,34.23％(89/260) of No.1 right paracardial region,33.88％ (83/245) of No.2 left paracardial region,28.91％ (85/294) of No.3 lesser curvature,27.10％(29/107) of No.1 1 splenic artery,19.75％(16/81) of No.9 celiac trunk,15.25％(36/236) of No.E8Lo lower paraesophageal region,11.94％ (16/134) of No.4 greater curvature,11.76％ (6/51) of No.E8M middle paraesophageal region,11.1 1％(10/90) of No.8 common hepatic artery,4.65％(4/86) of No.E9L left inferior pulmonary ligament and 3.39％ (2/59) of No.E7 subcarinal region.(2) Follow-up and survival:of the 368 patients,309 were followed up for 1-103 months,with a median follow-up time of 38 months.The survival time of 309 patients was 0.7-101.9 months,and the median survival time was 35.9 months.During the followup,the postoperative l-,2-,3-year overall survival rates were 85.9％,68.6％,and 58.7％,respectively.(3) Prognostic factors analysis.Results of univariate analysis showed that tumor differentiation degree,presence of thoracic lymph node metastasis,number of metastatic lymph nodes,T staging,tumor diameter,and length of esophageal invasion were associated factors affecting prognosis of patients (x2 =8.776,26.582,46.057,18.679,22.460,9.158,P＜0.05).Results of multivariate analysis showed that presence of thoracic lymph node metastasis,number of metastatic lymph nodes,T staging,and tumor diameter were independent influencing factors for prognosis of patients [odds ratio (OR) =1.699,1.271,1.422,1.238,95％ confidence interval:1.102-2.621,1.019-1.481,1.090-1.856,0.971-1.481,P＜0.05].(4) Influencing factors affecting thoracic lymph node metastasis:results of univariate analysis showed that tumor diameter,length of esophageal invasion,number of lymph lodes harvested in thorax were related factors for thoracic lymph node metastasis (x2 =5.129,43.140,10.605,P＜0.05).Results of multivariate analysis showed that length of esophageal invasion ≥2 cm,number of lymph lodes harvested in thorax ≥ 4 were independent risk factors for thoracic lymph node metastasis (OR =6.321,1.097,95％ confidence interval:2.982-13.398,1.026-1.173,P＜0.05).Conclusion Lymph node metastasis of Siewert type Ⅱ AEG spreads two regions,mainly at abdominal lymph nodes,followed by the thoracic lymph nodes.Presence of thoracic lymph node metastasis,number of metastatic lymph nodes,T staging,and tumor diameter are independent influencing factors for prognosis of patients.Presence of thoracic lymph node metastasis indicates poor prognosis of patients.Length of esophageal invasion ≥ 2 cm and number of lymph lodes harvested in thorax ≥4 are independent risk factors for thoracic lymph node metastasis.