Prostate cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors among males, and nearly all patients will inevitably de-velop castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). The prognosis of CRPC patients is very poor. How to implement the individualized treatment plan with minimal side effects and optimum benefit as well as how to prolong the patients' lives have recently become impor-tant issues. Current staging and grading systems fail to provide accurate prognoses of most CRPC, which have complicated biological behaviors. Over the past few years, a host of tumor molecular markers have been discovered and can provide prognostic information for CRPC. This review summarizes the molecular prognostic biomarkers that affect the prognosis of CRPC.

Objective To explore the angiographic characteristic of lower extremities of patients with diabetic foot. Methods The angiographic results of 35 lower extremities of diabetic patients, the characteristics of respective clinical stages and the stenosis degree at different arterial segments were undergone statistical analysis. Results (1) A lotal of 210 arterial segments were divided into the above-knee and the below-knee section. There was significant difference in stenosis degree between the two sections (P

Objective To evaluate the short-term results o f reconstruction of PCL(posterior cruciate liga-ment )with quadruple-stranded semitendi nosus tendon and bi-stranded gracilis tendon and to discuss the key point s of the surgery and postoperative rehab ilitation.Methods 12cases of PCL ruptures were reconstructed arthroscopically with quadruple-stranded semitendi nosus tendon and bidruple-stranded gracilis tendon.Results No patients had symptoms of knee instability.The sa g sign and posterior drawer test were negative in all.According to Lysholm knee function scale,10patients were rated as excellent and 2as good 1year after operation,with an average Lysholm score of 85?4.1.Conclusion Arthroscopic reconstruction of posterior cruciate ligament with quadr uple-stranded semitendinosus tendon and bi-stran ded gracilis tendon can result in lim ited invasion,strong graft and satisfactory clinical results.[

BACKGROUND: A fibrinolytic enzyme (FLE) was purified from the venom of Agkistrodon blomhoffi brevicaudus by ion-exchange chromatography;meanwhile, it can dissolve thrombotic anti-thrombus drugs during onset of myocardial infarction and apoplexy.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the purification of FLE from the venom of Agkistrodon blomhoffi brevicaudus and research some biochemical and pharmacological characterizations.DESIGN: Controlled observational study.SETTING: Snake Venom Research Institute, Guangxi Medical University.MATERIALS: The experiment was carried out in Snake Venom Research Institute of Guangxi Medical University from July 2003 to June 2005.Kunming mice, weighing 18-25 g, of mean body mass of (20±2) g, aged 3-4 months were provided by Experimental Animal Center of Guangxi Medical University. Agkistrodon blomhoffi brevicaudus was supplied by Snake Venom Research Institute of Guangxi Medical University.METHODS: FLE was purified with DEAE Sepharose CL-6B ion exchang columns and HiPrep Sephacryl S 100; purity and relative molecular mass were measured with high-effective chromatograph of liquid and polyacrylamidedel electrophoresis (PAGE); isoelectric point was measured with isoelectric focusing electrophoresis; and then, components and partially pharmacological characteristics were also measured.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Relative molecular mass, conformation of isoelectric point and amino acid, effect of inhibitor on FLE, hemorrhagic activity, and anticoagulant effect of FLE.RESULTS: All 30 rats and 12 rabbits were involved in the final analysis.Relative molecular mass was 59 100 and isoelectric point was 4.98. SDSPAGE acted as a zone in vitro. High-effective chromatograph of liquid showed a simple peak of FLE. This group belonged to metallo proteinases.Analysis of components of amino acid suggested that it contained a lot of acidity amino acids, had mild hemorrhagic toxicity and strongly thrombolytic effect.CONCLUSION: A simple acidity metallo proteinases, which is characterized by mild hemorrhagic toxicity and strong anti-coagulation, can be purified from the venom of Agkistrodon blomhoffi brevicaudus.

The arterial lesions of lower extremities in patients with diabetic foot ulcers were extensive.The majority of below-knee arteries showed severe stenosis, even complete occlusion.Interventional therapy of femoral artery was effective in improving arterial blood perfusion and remission of the pain and numbness.After therapy, the skin temperature and ankle brachial index (ABI) were increased, healing of ulcer was enhanced and intermittent claudication was ameliorated.Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of femoral artery was effective in improving arterial blood perfusion of the lower extremities with foreseen curing efficacy.

Objective To investigate the targeted capacity of ultrasound contrast agent with a galactosepoly-L-lysine ligand,and lay the foundation for targeted imaging in vivo and the treatment of liver cancer.Methods The small molecular targeted ligand was synthetized by a method of reductive amination,the targeted lipid microbubbles were performed by combining lipid microbubbles with the targeted ligand,the targeted effectiveness was observed by fluorescence microscopy.Results Galactose and poly-L-lysine were combined effectively after 24 h with the molar ratio 1:1 00,the average particle size of the targeted lipid microbubbles was 2 micron,the targeted combine of the HepG2 liver cancer cells with the targeted ultrasound contrast agent was observed by laser scanning confoeal microscope.Conclusions The targeted lipid miembubbles can target effectively to the HepG2 cells.

Objective To optimize the formulation of a new kind of ultrasound contrast agents carrying the sensitizer of hematoporphyrin(HP)with[Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid),PLGA]for material.Methods The technique of double emulsion was applied to produce HP loaded PLGA ultrasound microbubbles,which was optimized through orthogonal test using encapsulation efficiency for the detected index.Then morphology and distribution of HP-PLGA microbubbles were observed through light microscope and scaning electron microscope.The size,Zeta potential and the properties of releasing behavior and ultrasound imaging in vitro of Hp-PLGA contrast agents were detected.Results The optimization parameters were picked out as 10 mg/ml for concentration of HP,40 mg for PLGA,and 1/5 for volume ratio of water inside to dichloromethane.The optimized HP-PLGA contrast agents were spheric with the mean size of 602.3 nm,and Zeta potentiaI of-(17.1±1.6)mV.The drug loading and encapsulation efficiency of HP-PLGA were(2.15±0.15)%and(63.5±2.6)%,respectively.And the releasing behavior of HP-PLGA contrast agents in vitro was that after an obvious release of about 35.1%in former 24 h,there were 86.5%HP-PLGA released within 14 days.The ultrasound imaging of HP-PLGA could be enhanced obviously in vitro.Conclusions The self-made HP-PLGA ultrasound microbubble might be a useful tool for delivering sensitizer and thus provide a novel strategy for sonodynamic therapy on tumor.

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of scoliosis and identify the influencing factors among children and adolescents in Jiaxing City, Zhejiang Province, so as to provide insights into the management of scoliosis among children and adolescents. Methods: The fourth, fifth and sixth grade primary school students and the first, second and third grade junior high school students were selected using the stratified cluster sampling method in Jiaxing City in 2019. Students' demographic features, diet habits, physical activity and learning environments and habits were collected using questionnaire surveys. Scoliosis was screened using whole-spine X-ray scans in an upright position, and the factors affecting scoliosis were identified using multivariable logistic regression analysis. Results: Valid surveys were completed among 2 568 students, including 1 352 boys ( 52.65% ) and 1 216 girls ( 47.35% ), and there were 1 335 primary school students ( 51.99% ) and 1 233 junior high school students ( 48.01% ). A total of 93 students were detected with scoliosis, with a prevalence rate of 3.62%. Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified age ( OR=0.826, 95%CI: 0.710-0.960 ), gender ( OR=2.079, 95%CI: 1.343-3.221 ) and vigorous physical activity in the past 7 days ( OR=2.514, 95%CI: 1.248-5.063 ) as factors affecting scoliosis among primary and junior high school students. Conclusions The prevalence of scoliosis is high among primary and junior high school students in Jiaxing City. Age, gender and physical activity may affect the risk of scoliosis. Scoliosis screening is recommended to be included in routine healthy

BACKGROUND: There are many methods for the treatment of femoral head necrosis, such as core decompression, bone graft, arthroplasty and joint replacement, and each of which has its own shortcomings. So, percutaneous bal oon angioplasty combined with coral artificial bone provides a new attempt for the treatment of femoral head necrosis. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of percutaneous bal oon angioplasty combined with coral artificial bone on femoral head necrosis repair. METHODS: Twenty-four Duroc piglets were enrol ed to establish bilateral femoral head necrosis models by liquid nitrogen freezing method. Then, model piglets were randomly treated with percutaneous bal oon angioplasty combined with injectable coral artificial bone (experimental group) or bone cement (control group) on one affected side, and meanwhile, given no treatment on the contralateral side (blank control group). At 2, 4, 8 and 16 weeks after surgery, X-ray examination, biomechanical test and histological detection were conducted. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: X-ray showed that at 16 weeks after surgery, numerous new bones could be found in the experimental group and there was a fuzzy boundary between the artificial bone and surrounding tissues; no new bone formed in the control group, and the boundary was clear; in the blank control group, the surface of the femoral head col apsed, and bone trabeculae arranged disorderly, which were seriously destroyed. And in the histological detection at 16 weeks after surgery, there were numerous bone trabecula and osteoblasts around the coral bone in the experimental group, and the coral artificial bone almost dissolved; in the control group, bone cement was in an irregular shape and no bone trabecula formed; in the blank control group, bone trabecula were damaged in the col apsed area, whose structure was in disorder. Additional y, biomechanical changes in the experimental group were significantly better than those in the other two groups at different time points after surgery (P < 0.05). In conclusion, percutaneous bal oon angioplasty combined with coral artificial bone can repair femoral head necrosis by promoting new bone formation.

BACKGROUND:Transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) and interleukin 1β (IL-1β) have been reported to play an important role in the occurrence and development of primary osteoarthritis. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the association between gene polymorphisms of TGF-β1 and IL-1β and primary knee osteoarthritis. METHODS: Han and Uyghur elderly populations in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China were surveyed on the prevalence of osteoarthritis, followed by allotted to osteoarthritis and health groups according the symptoms and radiography. Genotyping TGF-β1-509C/T and -1348C/T and IL-1β-511C/T was performed to analyze the relationship between the gene polymorphisms of TGF-β1 and IL-1β and osteoarthritis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Alleles T and C with genotypes CC, CT and TT were detected in both two groups. In the Uygur population, the genotype frequency of TGF-β1-509C/T and IL-1β-511C/T showed significant difference between osteoarthritis and health groups (P < 0.05). In the Han population, the genotype frequency of TGF-β1-1348C/T showed significant difference between two groups (P < 0.05). These results suggest that the Uygur individuals carrying TT genotype of TGF-β1-509C/T and IL-1β-511C/T, and Han people carrying the TT genotype of TGF-β -1348T are more susceptible to osteoarthritis.