BACKGROUND:Studies have found that β-casomorphin 7 can lessen oxidation of renal tubular epithelial cels and lower blood sugar in a rat model of diabetes. There is a few studies concerning the effect of β-casomorphin-7 on diabetic nephropathy. OBJECTIVE:To explore the effects of β-casomorphin-7 on renal injury in a rat model of diabetic nephropathy. METHODS:The 30 rats were equaly and randomly divided into control group, model group andβ-casomorphin-7 group. Twenty rat models of diabetes were established. In the model and β-casomorphin-7 groups, rats were intraperitonealy injected with streptozotocin (60 mg/kg). In the control group, rats were intraperitonealy injectedwith an equal volume of citric acid. Rats in the β-casomorphin-7 group were intragastricaly administeredβ-casomorphin-7 for 30 days. Rats in the model and control groups were given an equal volume of saline by intragastric administration. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Compared with the control group, insulin levels decreased, glucagon, blood glucose, urine glucose, urine protein, serum creatinine, serum urea nitrogen levels, mRNA and protein expression levels of type I colagen and type IV colagen in kidney increased in the model group. (2) Compared with the model group, above indexes were apparently recovered in the β-casomorphin-7 group. These findings indicate that β-casomorphin-7 has a protective effect on renal injury in diabetic nephropathy rats.

BACKGROUND: Safflower yel ow is known to treat diabetic nephropathy, can protect kidney function, reduce lesions, delay or prevent the development of diabetic nephropathy.
OBJECTIVE: To further verify the effects of safflower yel ow on the kidney in rats with diabetic nephropathy and the impact of safflower yel ow on the expression of renal cel receptor of angiotensin II1.
METHODS: Thirty rats were equally and randomly divided into three groups: normal control group, model group and experimental group. In the experimental group and model group, rat models of diabetic nephropathy were established. At 1 week after model establishment, rats were daily intraperitoneally given safflower yellow injection 27.8 mg/kg, once a day. In the model and control groups, rats were daily intraperitoneally given an equal volume of saline. All rats were administered for 23 weeks. The kidney-related biochemical indicators and pathological changes in kidney tissue and the expression of angiotensin II1 type receptor on kidney tissue of rats were observed.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Hypertrophy index of experimental group and model group was significantly higher than that of control group (P < 0.05). (2) 24-hour proteinuria, glycosylated hemoglobin, total cholesterol, triglycerides, creatinine and urea nitrogen of model group were higher than that of control group (P < 0.05). 24-hour proteinuria, glycated hemoglobin, total cholesterol and urea nitrogen in experimental group were higher than that of control group (P < 0.05). 24-hour proteinuria, total cholesterol, triglycerides, creatinine and urea nitrogen in the experimental group were lower than that of model group (P < 0.05). (3) Glomerular hypertrophy, thickening of capillary basement membrane, cell proliferation, and mesangial widening were detected in the model group. Abnormal changes in the kidney structure were found in the control group. The extent of damage of kidney of histopathology in the experimental group was between the control group and the model group. (4) The expression level of angiotensin receptor II1 of experimental group and model group was higher than that of control group (P < 0.05). The expression level of angiotensin receptor II1 of experimental group was lower than that of model group (P < 0.05). These results indicated that safflower yellow has a protective effect on diabetic nephropathy; the mechanism of action may be associated with blocking kidney partial renin-angiotensin system.

BACKGROUND: lead can facilitate the active oxygen-derived free radicals formation, and make many tissue systems in oxidative stress situation especially during the process of lipid peroxidation in cerebral tissue.OBJECTIVE: To establish the dying lead model by making rat offspring to expose to lead during pregnant and breast-feed period, and observe effect of dying lead on the lipid peroxidation in central nervous system of different developmental stages,DESIGN: Randomized controlled study.SETTING: Liaoning Woman and Children Health Care College and Liaoning Tumor Institute.MATERIALS: The experiment was carried out at the Laboratory of China Medical University from June to August 2003. Totally 150 adult Wistar rats was utilized for the experiments. The ratio between female and male was 2:1. Seven days after feeding respectively, female and male rats were put together with the ratio of 2:1. The day in which the sperms were found in vaginal plug or in vaginal secretion was considered gestational day (GD)0 day. And 100 gestational rats were randomly divided into 4 groups, with solution). The lead-treated animals received solution containing lead acetate from GD 0 day, while the control animals received distilled water 5 mL from GD 0 day too, until 21 days after rat offspring giving birth.METHODS: Tissue sampling at the 21st day after rat offspring giving birth, the blood collected by head cutting of 10 rats in each group was used to determine blood lead level; brain tissue of 15 rats in each group was used to determine brain lead level, and the rest was made to be equal slurry to determine the level of lipid peroxidase (LPO), glutathione (GSH),and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX).and activity of SOD, GSH-PX and CAT of 21-day-old rat offspring among different groups.RESULTS: Data of totally 100 infant rats was entered the final analysis.birth: Lead content of blood and brain of 21-day-old rats offspring in 0.5, 1and 2 g/L lead-treated groups were higher than those in control group observably (P ＜ 0.01), and increased along with increase of the dose of expowas higher than that in control group [(34.56±6.96), (38.76±11.11),(23.33±5.23) mmol/g, P ＜ 0.05-0.01], but activity of SOD in those two groups was lower than that in control group [(423.25±157.70),(426.92±161.53),(542.78±97.69) μkat/g, P ＜ 0.05-0.01].CONCLUSION: Lead, metal toxicant, at moderate and high dosages can induce damage of nervous system during development through accelerating lipid peroxidation of cerebral tissue.

Purpose　The aim is to study the pharmacokinetic of iv thymopeptide in rabbit.Method　Thymopeptide concentration of rabbit plasma was determined by HPLC and pharmacokinetic parameters were computerized with 3P87 program.Results and Conclusions　The pharmacokinetic parameters of iv thymopeptide in rabbit were:Cmax=(30.06±9.27)μg/ml,t1/2(β)=(29.24±23.78)min, Ke=(0.032 3±0.013 8)min-1 and AUC 0→∞=(205.63±46.48)μg*min/ml.

Objective:To evaluate the clinical efficacy of paclitaxel combined with epirubicin neoadjuvant chemotherapy in the treatment of triple negative breast cancer and the effect on the Ki-67,p53,P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and glutathione transferase (GST-π).Methods:84 patients with triple-negative breast cancer admitted in our hospital from June 2010 to June 2012 were selected and divided into the observation group and the control group according to the order of admission.The control group was treated with epirubicin,and cyclophosphamide.The observation group was given paclitaxel neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with epirubicin.The clinical efficacy,expressions of Ki-67,p53,P-gp and GST-π were compared between the two groups.Results:After treatment,the total remission rate of observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group [76.19％(32/42) vs 45.24％(19/42)] (P ＜0.05).Before chemotherapy,the positive expression rates of Ki-67,p53,P-gp and GST-π in the two groups showed no statistical difference(P＞0.05).After chemotherapy,the positive expression rates of Ki-67,p53,P-gp and GST-π in the observation group were significantly lower than those of the control group (P＜0.05),but the positive expression rates of Ki-67,p53,P-gp and GST-π in the control group had no significant difference compared with those before chemotherapy (P＞0.05).The positive expression rates of Ki-67,p53,P-gp and GST-π in the observation group were significantly lower than those of the control group (P ＜0.05).There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reaction rate between the observation group and the control group (P＞ 0.05).Conclusion:Paclitaxel combined with Epirubicin neoadjuvant chemotherapy could effectively reduce the expression of Ki-67,p53,P-gp and GST-π in triple-negative breast cancer with exact clinical efficacy.

Objective To investigate the characteristics of diet for infants in relatively poor counties in different cities of Yunnan and to provide a reference for carrying out educational consultation in the future by comparing and analyzing the data of infant diet in those areas.Methods Based on the GDP and habits of diet,the characteristics of infants' diet was investigated and analyzed in four counties including Yiliang in Zhaotong,Jianchuan in Dali,Lushui in Nujiang,and Mojiang in Puer,with low income and different habits of diet.Results No difference was found among people who fed the infants in terms of sex,age groups,feeding relationship and degree of education except for one fact that the feeding rate of parents in Jianchuan county was lower than that in Yiliang county.Based on the standard intake of nutrient in Chinese people,the intake of infant protein in 6-12 months achieved Chinese standard in four counties.Energy,fat and carbohydrates were lower than the standard (P＜O.05).Apart from the fact that energy,protein,fat and carbohydrates were lower in Yiliang county,no significant difference was found among four counties.The intake of protein and carbohydrates for infants in 13-24 months achieved Chinese standard in the four counties,but energy and fat were lower than the standard.The carbohydrates of infants in 6-24 months was normal and the fat was lower compared with acceptable macro nutrient distribution ranges.The intake of carbohydrates,fat and protein were similar among four counties.Conclusion The diet composition and the nutrient condition for infants are poor in four counties.Health education of nutrition for infants is needed in those areas.

Objective To provide the service for scientific innovation and competition in biomedical industry of Hunan Province and the reference for working out biomedical patent strategies.Methods The data of biomedical patents in Hunan Province were collected using the patentEX and processed by metrics.Results The application number of patents increased from year to year with a high expiry rate.The technology of biomedical patents has entered into its mature period and the application of patents was focused on several important IPC classifications.Conclusion Tra-ditional technologies play a main role in biomedical industry of Hunan Province, but Hunan Province is relatively backward in modern biological technologies.The application number of invented biomedical patents is rather large, but their overall academic level is rather low.The majority of biomedical industry enterprises lack of competition awareness.It is thus necessary to strengthen the development of modern biological technologies, improve the aca-demic level of biomedical patents, increase the competition awareness of biomedical industry enterprises, lay stress on cooperative development of biomedical patents and on support of biomedical industry enterprises.

Objective To discuss the diagnostic value of parasagittal reconstruction CT for the lumbar intervertebral foraminal stenosis.Methods From Jan.2003 to Apr.2004,15 suspected cases with lumbar intervertebral foraminal stenosis based on the routine clinical and radiologic examinations were diagnosed by means of the CT parasagittal reconstruction and operated on .Results All showed L_(4~5) or L_5~S_1 foraminal stenosis,2 cases far lateral disc protruded,8 cases the vertebral endplate posteriolateral spurs extruded into foramina,1 spondylolisthesis pseudoarthrosis pressed,4 cases had the narrow intervertebral space along with the flavum ligament hypertrophy and facet superioanterio subluxation. 7 cases showed horizontal stenosis and 8 cases showed vertical stenosis.6 cases wereⅡ?,9 cases were Ⅲ?. Conclusion The parasagittal reconstruction CT for the lumbar foraminal stenosis can compensate for the drawbacks of the routine axial CT, show more clearly and vividly and guide the operations more accurately.

Objective To observe the clinical effect of oblique supine lithotomy position rigid single-access percutaneous nephrolithotomy combined with FURS in treatment of complex urinary tract stones. Methods From May 2013 to January 2016, 40 cases of multiple kidney stones and staghorn calculi patients underwent oblique supine lithotomy position balloon establish standard single renal access, using percutaneous percutaneous combind with FURS, clinical data of patients, including operative time, blood loss, stone stone clearance rate, hospitalstay, incidence of complications and other indicators. Results The patients were successfully implemented Phase I single-access surgery, the median time 52.5 min, stone stone clearance rate of 100%, before and after surgery no difference in the amount of bleeding, no blood transfusion patients, followed up for 3 months to six months, no significant concurrent operation disease. Conclusion Oblique supine lithotomy bit single-access percutaneous percutaneous combined with FURS treatment of complex renal calculi can improve stone clearance rate, increased patient comfort during surgery to avoid damage to the kidneys multi-channel, shorter operative time, treatment obvious.

OBJECTIVE: To study the prevalence of BRAF(V600E) mutations in small (≤ 2 cm) papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), explore the correlation with occult central nodal metastasis (CNM) of clinically-nodal negative (cN0) neck for small (≤ 2 cm) papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). METHOD: Primary tumor tissue (paraffin-embedded) from 72 patients with small (≤ 2 cm) cN0 PTC who underwent prophylactic central neck dissection (pCND) was tested for BRAF mutation. by nested PCR, the factors of lymph node metastasis such as clinicopathologic including tumor size, multifocality, extrathyroidal invasion, and BRAF mutations were analyzed. Prediction scores were generated using logistic regression models and BRAF was evaluated to see if it was a risk factor for CNM. RESULT: The prevalence of BRAF was 47.22% (34/72) while the rate of CNM was 36.11% (26/72). Univariate analysis showed that the risk factors of lymph node metastasis for cN0 PTC were significantly correlated with tumor size (P = 0.016), bilateral tumor (P = 0.010), multifocality (P = 0.026), extrathyroidal invasion (P = 0.024), and BRAF mutations (P = 0.041). Univariate analysis showed that tumor size (OR = 2.674, 95% CI = 1.702-3.997), multifocality (OR = 1.371, 95% CI = 1.065-2.087), extrathyroidal invasion (OR = 0.540, 95% CI = 0.396-0.794) and BRAF (OR = 1.647, 95% CI = 1.101-2.463) were risk predictors of CNM. CONCLUSION The incidence of central neck micrometastatic disease is 36.11% in patients with PTC deemed N0 preoperatively by clinical examination and ultrasound of the neck lymph nodes and intraoperatively by inspection of the central compartment. The factors of high risk of CNM included tumor size, multifocality, extrathyroidal invasion, BRAF mutations. When a patient has the risk factors of lymph node metastasis should be electived prophylactic CCND.
Axilla ; Carcinoma ; genetics ; Carcinoma, Papillary ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Lymph Nodes ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; genetics ; Mutation ; Neck ; Neoplasm Micrometastasis ; diagnosis ; Neoplasm Staging ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf ; genetics ; Risk Factors ; Thyroid Cancer, Papillary ; Thyroid Neoplasms ; genetics