OBJECTIVE To determine the bacterial distribution and resistance status in urinary system infections among old patients with primary susceptibility testing on urine samples. METHODS A total of 990 urine specimens were examined over 3 years to determine the validity of direct antimicrobial agent susceptibility testing.A total of 1149 strains collected from inpatient urine specimens during Oct 2002-Oct 2005 were identified and the drug resistance test was performed. RESULTS Escherichia coli rated the top one(57.9%),followed with Enterococcus,Proteus,Klebsiella pneumoniae,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Staphylococcus and fungi.Enterobacteriaceae were showed increasing drug resistance trend,but still sensitive to imipenem(100%).G~+-cocci were also showed serious drug resistance trend,but still sensitive to vancomycin(100%)(except Enterococcus faecium). CONCLUSIONS Enterobacteriaceae are the main infectious bacteria in urinary system infection.Rational use of antibiotics should be carried out according to urine culture result.

OBJECTIVE To develop a prospective evaluation strategy to detect the first 3 days of incubation of the clinically significant isolates. METHODS With blood culture positive sample by BacT/Alert~3D and direct identification and antimicrobial susceptibility tests by VITEK32 in clinics to compare with those obtained from cards(GPI,GPS-106,GNI+,GNS-506) incubated with standardized bacterial suspension obtained following subculture to chocolate agar plates and CHRMagarTM microbiology. RESULTS There were 3 strategy reports performed.The sensitivity was 99.18%,specificity was 99.62%,validity was 98.89%,incidence rate was 25.4%,positive predictive value was 99.18%,negative predictive value was 99.62%,positive likelihood ratio was 261,and negative likelihood rate was 0.008. CONCLUSIONS In the first 3 days of incubation,99.36% of the(1 701) clinically significant isolates were detected,suggesting that routine incubation for more than 3 days be not necessary for FA and FN bottles.These findings suggest that VITEK-32 cards inoculated directly from BacT/Alert culture positive bottles provide acceptable bacterial identification or susceptibility testing for Enterobacteriaceae and Staphylococcus,and decrease the time lapse between initial inoculation of blood culture and the reporting of the results.

OBJECTIVE To study the distribution of the nonfermenter(NF) and the change in its resistance between 2002 and 2005 in our hospital ICU,and instruct clinical application of antibiotics reasonably.METHODS The(identification) of bacteria, antibiotic susceptibility and the detection by VITEK-32 of GNI~+、GNS-142 were used.Etest was applied for detection of metallo-?-lactamase.RESULTS The detective rate of the NF was 57.3%,(58.3%),67.5% and 69.8%,(respectively) from 2002 to 2005.Pseudomonas aeruginosa(PAE),Acinetobacter baumannii and (Stenotrophomonas) maltophilia accounted for 34.3%,11.1% and 4.0%,respectively.The highest distribution of the NF was in the sputum.The resistance rate of PAE to imipenem was lower,(however),it had rose from 0.0% to 17.8% in 2005.The resistance rate of S.maltophilia to sulfamethoxazole/(trimethoprim) was lower than the others,and rose from 0.0% in 2002 to 13.8% in 2005.The incidence rates of(metallo)-?-lactamase of PAE was 0.8% and of A.baumannii was 4.8%,respectively;the incidence rates of metallo-?-lactamase of A.baumannii and PAE were 0.8% and 4.8%,respectively.CONCLUSIONS The(detective) rates of PAE, and A.(baumannii) are gradually increased during the last four years.The incidence of(metallo)-?-lactamase of PAE and A.baumannii is also lower,and the other resistance is existed.

OBJECTIVE To study the three-stage reports method using in clinical diagnosis of urinary system infections,and its value in order to fasten the clinical diagnosis and treatment.METHODS A total of 3349 urines specimens used a sequential three-stage reports method to prospectively evaluate and determine the validity of direct antimicrobial agent susceptibility testing by traditional method and VITEK-32.The first report was by Gram stained,the second report by criteria for initiating direct susceptibility testing,and third report was by standardized disk diffusion method and VITEK-32.RESULTS From 3349 samples the Gram negativstained smears were 746(22.3%),Gram negative bacilli were 1365(40.7%) the Gram positive cocci were 1036(31.0%) and the fungi were 202(6.0%).Escherichia coli rated the top one(55.7%),followed with Staphylococcus saprophyticus subsp saprophyticus 437(42.2%),Enterococcus faecalis 389(37.5%),Proteus,Klebsiella pneumoniae,Pseudomones aeroginose,and fungi.Enterobacteriaceae were showed increasing drug resistance trend,but still sensitive to imipenem(100.0%).G+-cocci were also showed serious drug resistance trend,but still sensitive to vancomycin(100.0%)(except E.faesium).CONCLUSIONS Three-stage method using in clinical diepnosis of urinary system infections is very important.Enterobacteriaceae are the main infectious bacteria in urinary system infection.Rational use of antibiotics should be carried out according to urine culture result.

ObjectiveTo compare the sweep pattern visual evoked response acuity SPVER-A with the logarithmic visual acuity.MethodsSPVER-A and logarithmic visual acuity were measured and compared in 50 people. 8-squared vertical gratings were presented as stimuli continuously.The responses were averaged and displayed through the discrete fourier transform on the monitor display.The SPVER acuity was determined by extrapolating the SPVER amplitude-spatial frequency function to baseline.ResultsThe overall correlation was r=0.699 between the SPVER-A and logarithmic visual acuity.Underestimation of acuity by the SPVER when the logarithmic visual acuity is better than 0.5.On the other hand,when the logarithmic visual acuity is worse than 0.5 the SPVER-A was overestimated.ConclusionSPVER-A has a good correlation to logarithmic acuity.The difference between two methods may indicate that the grating acuity and logarithmic /visual acuity activate different system.

Proteomics was important for the coherent study of human reproduction and animal breeding including human infertility,sperm-egg binding and mutual recognition of the mechanism.It was well known that proteomics had become one of the main branches of life sciences in the future.This provides the technological means and theoretical foundation for the individual dynamic changes in the protein.At the same time,it plays an important role in the drug development,the mechanism of life activities and in the field of livestock breeding.

OBJECTIVE:To optimize base material compositions and preparation technology for compound ciprofloxacin gel.METHODS:4factors,ciprofloxacin,carbomer-940,glycerine,triethanolamine(in formula dosages)were selected as variable factors,the stability of the preparation was taken as the index for investigation and table L 9 (3 4 )was used to conduct the orthogonal experiment.RESULTS:The optimum base material composition and technology were the following,ciprofloxacin0.3%,carbomer-9401%,glycerine7.5%,triethanolamine2%.CONCLUSION:The compound ciprofloxacin gel prepared based on the optimized technology is in conformity with the specification stated in Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2000).

Objective To identify genomic DNA of Schistosoma ?. Methods Amplification of genomic DNA by the random-amplified polymorphic DNA polymerase chain reaction (RAPD-PCR) with 10-base pair was used. The 50 worms were collected from rabbits infected with cercariae of S.? and Schistosoma japonicum(S.j.) respectively. RAPD-PCR were performed on PCR-2400 according to the manufature's instruction. And 29 primers were adopted from Operon Company. The samples were run on 1.4% sepharose. Results RAPD fragments produced were various in quantity(4-12 bands)and size(0.5-5.2Kb) in S.? and S.j. , most of about 224 bands produced with 27 different primers were common, but 6 differential bands produced with 2 primers (J 01 CCCGGCATAA and L 12 GGGCGGTACT) of the 29 primers were found, 4 and 2 of the 6 differential bands seen in the S.? and S.j. respectively. Conclusion These specific fragments found in S.? and S.j. may be used as molecular markers for the identification of S.? and S.j.

Objective:To establish the determination method for ATP, ADP and AMP in the myocardial tissue of rats and research the changes of ATP, ADP and AMP in heart fallure rats. Methods: A Thermo Hypersil C18 (250 mm × 4. 6 mm,5 μm) column was used. The solution of 0. 68% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0. 116% soduim hydroxide was applied as the mobilie phase; The detection wavelength was at 254 nm. The SD rats randomly divided into 2 groups received saline and adriamycin by intraperitoneal in-jection for 6 weeks, respectively. The heart tissue was withdrawn for homogenate. The contents of ATP, ADP and AMP in rat heart tis-sue were determined by HPLC. Results:The calibration curves were linear from 0. 625μg·ml-1 to 40μg·ml-1 for ATP, ADP and AMP. The limit of detection and limit of quantification were 0. 625μg·ml-1(r>0. 99). The precision of RSD was less than 9. 50%. The accuracy was 93. 2%-108. 0%. The method stability (RSD) was from 3. 0% to 14. 0%. The content of ATP in heart fallure mod-el group induced by adriamycin was significantly lower than that in saline group,while that of ADP were much higher than that in saline group(P<0. 01) and AMP. Conclusion:The HPLC method for the content determination of ATP, ADP and AMP in myocardial tissue meets the requirements of the determination of biological samples, which can be used to study the effects of anthracycline-based antitu-mor drugs in heart fallure rats.

24 new cDNA sequences encoding cytochrome P450 were amplified respectively from deltamethrin susceptible and -resistant strains of the mosquito, Culex pipiens pallens, with a pair of degenerate primers according to the conservative amino acid sequences of CYP4 in insects by RT-PCR. Studies of molecular systematics show that the 24 new genes (alleles) belong to CYP4C, CYP4D, CYP4H and CYP4J subfamilies of the CYP4 family, and they were named by Cytochrome P450 Nomenclature Committee. Among the new genes (alleles), CYP4C23 may be a pseudogene, CYP4H13 has a retained intron 58 nucleotides in length, and CYP4J4V1 has a stop coden (TAG) in frame near the 3'-end.