This article summarizes transforming growth factor-β1 in the primary hepatocellular carcinoma's occurrence and development, and carries on the summary to its possible mechanisms, and explains the research progress and the hot spot at present, then discusses the questions.

Objective To establish a high-performance liquid chromatography method for determination of mycophenolic acid in human plasma.Methods The method was performed with C18 column(3.9mm?300mm).The mobile phase consisted of 40mmoL/L TBA solution-acetonitrile adjusted to pH 4 with orthophosphoric acid(55∶45,V∶V),with a flow rate 0.8mL/min.The UV detection wavelength was 254nm.Plasma samples were extracted with methanol.Results The linear concentration of the calibration curve ranged from 0.8 to 51.45mg/L(r=0.9998).The relative recoveries were between 95.5% and 109.2%,and the extraction recoveries were more than 90%.Relative standard deviation(RSD) of intraday and interday assays were both less than 10%.Conclusion The method is proved to be reliable and simple for monitoring mycophenolic acid in human plasma and bioequivalence research.

Objective To study the radiological features of dynamic enhanced multi-slice spiral CT (MSCT) and CTA in pure hepatic arterio-venous fistula (AVF).Methods The radiological features of MSCT imaging and CTA of 100 patients with pure hepatic AVF were retrospectively analyzed.Results Positive signs on the arterial phase were detected in 100 patients with pure hepatic AVF.In 89 patients,they were the peripheral type and in 11 patients they were the central type.There were 128 lesions in the 100 patients.In the peripheral type,the features were (1) in the arterial phase,the lesions appeared as a wedged or a patchy enhancement area at the edge of the liver,showing a halo sign in 68 patients.In 56 patients,the PV was shown also in the early arterial phase;(2) in the arterial phase,arailway track sign was shown in 21 patients as a result of a portal vein branch showing right next to a hepatic arterial branch.In the central type and in the arterial phase,the main portal vein (or the hepatic vein) and the left/right branches of the PV (or the HV) were shown.Conclusion MSCT and CTA were useful in the diagnosis of pure hepatic AVF.

Objective To investigate changes in the intraocular pressure(IOP) and anterior chamber angle in patients with chronic renal failure before and after hemodialysis. Methods Fifty?eight patients(116 eyes) with chronic renal failure were measured with Goldmann applanation tonometer and anterior segment optical coherence tomograph. The patients were divided into three groups based on gonioscopy results:the narrow angle group(22 eyes),the Iris neovascular group(3 eyes)and the open angle group(91 eyes). IOP was measured by Goldmann applanation tonometer in patients in the three groups before and after hemodialysis. Anterior chamber angle opening distance (AOD) was detected by anterior segment optical coherence tomograph before and after hemodialysis. The blood urea nitrogen,creatinine,albumin were also determined before and after hemodialysis. All changes in the parameters were analyzed with a paired t test. Results The IOP in narrow angle eyes and in neovascular eyes increased significantly after hemodialysis ,while the IOP in open angle eyes showed no significant changes. The AOD decreased significantly after hemodialysis. The blood urea nitrogen and creatinine decreased significantly in 58 patients,while albumin increased after hemodialysis. Conclusion The IOP in narrow angle eyes and in neovascular eyes increased after hemodialysis ,correlating with the resistance increase of aqueous outflow pathway and the change of plasma osmotic pressure. As a result ,it is recommended that the condition of eye of patients with chronic renal failure should be checked ,and patients should receive appropriate controlling measure or treatment before hemodialysis.

Objective To investigate the curative effect of benidipine hydrochloride on patients with coronary slow flow angina pectoris(CSFA).Methods Sixty cases patients with CSFA were randomly divided into two groups of 30 patients each.In the control group patients were received aspirin(100 mg,1 times/d) and atorvastatin(20 mg,1 times/d) as basic treatment;in the treatment group patients were received basic treatment plus benidipine hydrochloride(4 mg,1 times/d).Follow up for 6 mouths,the effectiveness rate of treatment(relief of angina and electrocardiogram of myocardial ischemia),the correction of thrombolysis in myocardial infarction(TIMI) frame count(CTFC) before and after the different intervention,and the incidence of adverse cardiovascular events were compared between the treatment group and the control group.Results The effectiveness rate of treatment in the treatment group(86.7%,26/30) was significantly higher than that in the control group(63.3%(19/30);χ2=4.356,P=0.037).There were significant reductions of CTFC in both groups after the different intervention(treatment group:(28.43±3.95) frames vs.(18.40±3.73) frames,t=10.254,P=0.000;control group:(27.87±4.14) frames vs.(21.87±4.17) frames,t=5.580,P=0.000).There was more significant reductions of CTFC in the treatment group as compared to the control group(t=2.138,P=0.037).The incidence of adverse cardiovascular events in the treatment group(10.0%(3/30)) was significantly lower than that in the control group(33.3%(10/30),P=0.028).Conclusion Benidipine hydrochloride is effective in the treatment of CSFA.

Objective To investigate the effect of Gum mastic combined with gemcitabine on human pancreatic carcinoma BxPc-3 cells and its mechanism.Methods Cell proliferation and apoptosis were examined using the methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay and propidium iodine staining,respectively.After BxPc-3 cells were treated with different concentrations of Gum mastic and gemcitabine,the expression of NF-κB p65 subunit,IkB,Bcl-2 and Bax proteins was detected by Western blot.BxPc-3 cells were injected subcytaneously into nude mice to establish pancreatic xenograft tumors,and the changes of tumor volume were monitored.Results Compared to either single agent,treatment with Gum mastic (40 mg/L) combined with gemcitabine (10 mg/L) for 72 h signi cantly inhibited the proliferation of BxPc 3 cells (P＜0.01).Its rate of apoptosis(45.13±4.01)was more than Gum mastic,gemcitabine(P＜0.01) and control group (5.07 ± 1.37,P＜ 0.01).When cells were treated with gemcitabine in combination with gum mastic in human pancreatic carcinoma BxPc-3 cells for 48 h,the IκB level was increased,whereas NF-κB activation was blocked; the expression of Bax protein was substantially increased,but Bcl-2 protein was down-regulated; gum mastic or combined with gemcitabine could significantly inhibit the growth of pancreatic xenograft tumors (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Gum mastic could effectively strengthen the sensitivity of human pancreatic carcinoma BxPc-3 cells to gemcitabine.It may inhibit the expression of NF-κB p65 subunit and Bcl-2 proteins and increase the expression of IκB and Bax proteins.

Objective To study DNA quantification and STR typing of samples pre-treated with pyrami-don. Methods The blood samples of ten unrelated individuals were anticoagulated in EDTA. The blood stains were made on the filter paper. The experimental groups were divided into six groups in accor-dance with the storage time, 30 min, 1 h, 3 h, 6 h, 12 h and 24 h after pre-treated with pyramidon. DNA was extracted by three methods: magnetic bead-based extraction, QIAcube DNA purification method and Chelex-100 method. The quantification of DNA was made by fluorescent quantitative PCR. STR typing was detected by PCR-STR fluorescent technology. Results In the same DNA extraction method, the sample DNA decreased gradually with times after pre-treatment with pyramidon. In the same storage time, the DNA quantification in different extraction methods had significant differences. Sixteen loci DNA typing were detected in 90.56% of samples. Conclusion Pyramidon pre-treatment could cause DNA degradation, but effective STR typing can be achieved within 24 h. The magnetic bead-based extrac-tion is the best method for STR profiling and DNA extraction.

Giant hypertrophy of gastric mucosa is rare and lack of typical clinical manifestations. The main treatment measures were minimally invasive surgery and drug intervention. Clinicians should pay attention to it's imaging features, in order to make early diagnosis and treatment, and obtain a good prognosis. The authors introduce the results of gastro-enterography and computed tomography in a case with giant hypertrophy of gastric mucosa, and differentiate the imaging results from gastric cancer, lymphoma and gastric stromal tumor, so as to provide references for the clinical diagnosis of the disease.

OBJECTIVETo analyze the characteristics of autopsies in medical dispute.

METHODSThe data of 202 autopsy cases in medical disputes performed by the Department of Pathology of Jiangxi Medical College from January 2001 to December 2010 were retrospectively analyzed.

RESULTSThe number of autopsy in medical disputes increased year by year. Neonatal, infant and 30 ≊ 60y were more common age groups in dispute; the gender ratio of male to female was 2:1 and more cases were from hospitals in rural areas. Most medical disputes came from in departments of pediatric, obstetrics and gynecology and general surgery. Death caused by cardiovascular diseases ranked at the first place.

CONCLUSIONAutopsy is important in medical disputes to define the cause of death and to preserve evidence.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Autopsy ; statistics & numerical data ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; mortality ; Cause of Death ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Dissent and Disputes ; Female ; Hospital Departments ; statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Malpractice ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Sex Ratio ; Young Adult

In order to explore the effect of extract (SNE) on skin wound healing in mice and its mechanism, hemostasis effect of SNE was measured, the mouse skin wound model was established by full-thickness excision. The morphological changes of the wound were observed after the treatment with SNE and the healing rate was measured. The changes of wound histology were observed by hematoxylin eosin (HE) staining, Masson staining and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The expression of cell factors and related proteins was detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Results showed that the SNE possessed hemostatic function. SNE could obviously improve the healing rate of wound in mouse and shorten time of scab removal compared with the none-treatment (NT) group ( < 0.05).The pathological histology analysis results showed complete epidermal regeneration, with remarkable capillary and collagen fiber observed in the SNE group. The expression level of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF -α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in SNE group was significantly lower than that of the NT group on 7 d ( < 0.05). Moreover, compared with the NT group, the gene expressions level of Smad7 was significantly increased and the level of type II TGF-β receptors (TGF-βRII), collagen I (COL1A1) and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) were significantly reduced in the SNE group on 28 d ( < 0.05), but the difference was not statistically significant compared to Yunnanbaiyao group (PC group) ( > 0.05). These results indicated that SNE possessed obvious activity of accelerating wound healing and inhibiting scar formation, and its mechanism was closely related to hemostatic function, regulation of inflammatory factors, collagen deposition, collagen fiber remodeling and intervening TGF-β/Smads signal pathway. Therefore, SNE may have promising clinical applications in skin wound repair and scar inhibition.