Objective To analyze the activity of the vastus medialis (VM) and vastus lateralis (VL) muscles in the dynamic stabilization of the patella in patients with patellofemoral pain (PFPS) using standard surface electromyographic (sEMG) tests.Methods This comparative study involved 7 patients with PFPS (13 knees) and 10 healthy subjects (20 knees).They performed weight-bearing squat movements,and sEMG was employed to measure the mean amplitude and the time before peak (TBP) of their VM and VL muscles.Results There was no significant difference between the two groups in the ratio of the mean amplitudes of the VM and VL muscles.However,the ratio in both groups in squatting was significantly higher than when simply standing.In the PFPS group the average TBP delay of the VM relative to the TBP of the VL was significantly longer than in the control group during squat movements.Conclusions The delay in the TBP of the VM relative to the VL during squat movements could serve as a standardized test for assessing treatment effect in patients with local factor PFPS.

Objective To investigate the effect of total knee arthroplasty ( TKA) following high tibial osteotomy ( HTO) and to analyze the factors that may influence the operation .Methods A total of 16 patients (19 knees) who had undergone a previous HTO were treated with TKA between 2000 and 2010.The American Knee Society Scores ( KSS), femorotibial angle ,quadriceps angle ,posterior slope angle of tibial plateau ,Insall Salvatti Ratio and knee range of motion ( ROM) were evaluated for each patient pre-and post-operatively and the results were evaluated .Results The KSS scores improved from 73.20 ±3.56 scores preoperatively to 153.00 ±3.39 scores postoperatively (P <0.05).The femorotibial angle was corrected from 160.57°±3.30°preoperatively to 169.85°±1.34°postoperatively(P<0.05).The quadriceps angle was corrected from 24.57°±2.07°preoperatively to 17.28°±1.11°postoperatively (P<0.05).The posterior slope angle of tibial plateau was corrected from 2.25°±0.50°preoperatively to 3.75°±0.95°postoperatively (P<0.05).The Insall Salvatti Ratio improved from 0.80 ±0.08 preoperatively to 1.05 ±0.12 postoperatively ( P <0.05).The knee ROM improved to 38.25°±8.88°postoperatively from 96.25°±4.34°preoperatively(P<0.05).Conclusion TKA following HTO demands adequate soft tissue balancing , good limb alignment and appropriate prosthesis .

Objective To investigate the diagnostic values of DCE-MRI quantitative evaluation of the activity of sacroiliac joints in ankylosing spondylitis.Methods Forty two patients (36 male and 6 female) with ankylosing spondylitis in our hospital were enrolled prospectively according to the standard of diagnostic criteria for ankylosing spondylitis revised in 1984.All of them were evaluated with the blood sedimentation,C-reactive protein and ankylosing spondylitis activity index (BASDAI).We divided the patients with ankylosing spondylitis into stationary phase group and active phase group.We analyzed each of the MRI images of the two patients groups using the extended Tofts model to determine the quantitative parameters of DCE-MRI,such as contrast transfer coefficient (Ktrans),reflux constant (Kep),extravascular extracellular volume fraction (Ve),plasma volume fraction (Vp).And then the differences of quantitative data between the two groups were compared.Spearman correlation analysis was performed between the parameters with statistically significant difference and BASDAI scores.Results Among the 42 patients,22 patients (18 male and 4 female) were in active phase group and the other 20 patients (18 male and 2 female) were in stationary phase group.Ktrans,Kep,Ve were (0.750± 1.130)/min,(1.008±0.732)/min,0.460± 1.735;(0.163±0.401)/min,(0.505 ± 0.902)/min,0.345 ±3.460 for active phase group and the stationary phase group,respectively.The results of the active phase group was significantly higher than the stationary phase group (Z=3.727,2.317,3.696,respectively;all P＜0.05).The Vp had no statistically significance for the active phase group (0.125 ± 0.310) and the stationary phase group (0.160 ± 0.329) (Z=1.209,P＞0.05).Strong correlations existed between Ktrans,Kep,Ve and BASDAI score,the correlation coefficients were 0.714,0.430,and 0.676 (P＜0.05).Conclusions Quantitative DCE-MRI parameters can evaluate the activity of the ankylosing spondylitis.Strong correlations exist between Ktrans,Kep,Ve and BASDAI score.

Background:Functional dyspepsia(FD)is a commonly seen functional disease which has great impact on patient’s quality of life and mental health,and has got more and more concern by clinicians. Aims:To explore the role of mast cells (MC)and plasma motilin( MTL)in the pathogenesis of FD. Methods:Sixty FD patients including 32 postprandial distress syndrome(PDS)and 28 epigastric pain syndrome(EPS)patients from September 2013 to January 2014 at the Affiliated Hospital of Putian University were enrolled,and 28 healthy volunteers were served as controls(HS group). The number of gastric mucosal MC,plasma MTL level(fasting and 30 minutes after drinking warm water)and gastric emptying time(T1 / 2 )were compared. Results:Compared with HS group,number of gastric mucosal MC was significantly increased (P < 0. 001),plasma MTL level before and after drinking warm water in FD group were significantly decreased( P <0. 001),T1 / 2 was significantly prolonged(P < 0. 001). No significant difference in number of MC was found between PDS subgroup and EPS subgroup(P = 0. 094). Plasma MTL level before and after drinking warm water in PDS subgroup were significantly lower than those in EPS subgroup( P < 0. 001),and T1 / 2 was significantly prolonged( P < 0. 001). Conclusions:Number of gastric mucosal MC is significantly increased in FD patients compared with HS group,suggesting MC may play a role in the pathogenesis of FD. Plasma MTL level is decreased in FD patients,which may be one of the factors involved in the pathogenesis and occurrence of corresponding symptoms of FD.

Objective:To explore whether implicit priming of self-awareness can prevent self-control depletion.Methods:Totally 60 college students volunteers were recruited,and were allocated pseudo-randomly and equally into the control group,the non-self-awareness priming group,and the self-awareness priming group,20 volunteers in each group.The scrambled sentence task was applied in implicit priming,the mental calculation task was used to induce self-control depletion indexed by task difficulty,the impulse to write down the intermediate answers,the number of response items and correct items,the handgrip test was used to measure self-control performance,and the Positive Affect and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS) was used to measure affect.The self-control depletion,the handgrip time and the PANAS scores were compared among three groups.Results:There was no significant difference in task difficulty score,impulse score,the number of response items and correct items among the three groups (Ps ＞0.05).The group differences of the change of positive and negative affect before and after depletion were also not significant (Ps ＞0.05).After controlling the effect of the first handgrip time before depletion,the difference of the handgrip time after depletion between the control group and the non-self-awareness priming group was not significant (P ＞ 0.05).However,the handgrip time in the controI group and in the non-self-awareness group were both shorter than that in the self-awareness priming group [(69.2 ± 3.6) s,(71.1 ± 3.6) s vs.(81.9 ± 3.6) s,Ps ＜0.05].Conclusions:It suggests that implicit priming of self-awareness might hold promise in preventing self-control depletion.

Objective To explore the impact of short-term meditation on ego-depletion in college students.Methods Sixty college students without any meditation and mental calculation experience were recruited voluntarily,and were allocated randomly and equally into three groups: the control group,the rest group,and the meditation group(n=20 in each group).Participants completed the positive affect and negative affect scale and the first handgrip test.A difficult mental calculation task was used to induce ego depletion.After that,the control group performed the second handgrip test immediately,and the rest group had a 5-min break,while the meditation group had a 5-min meditation practice following a meditation audio.Participants then reported the task difficulty and the impulse to write down intermediate answers during the mental calculation task.They also finished the positive and negative affect scale again.The task difficulty and impulse scores,the number of response items and correct items,the change of the handgrip time and the mood between pretest and posttest were compared among three groups.Results There were no differences in the task difficulty score,the impulse score,the number of response items and correct items among the three groups (all P>0.05).The handgrip time was shorter in posttest ((71.91±24.58) s) than in pretest ((91.39±37.63) s) in the control group (P<0.05).The handgrip time was also shorter in posttest ((81.75±25.77) s) than in pretest ((97.88±33.77) s) in the rest group (P<0.05).However,the difference between the handgrip time in posttest ((82.21±34.63) s) and in pretest ((83.11±42.45) s) was not significant in the meditation group (P>0.05).There were no differences in the change of positive and negative affect between pretest and posttest (all P>0.05).Conclusions hort-term meditation buffers ego depletion in college students,which cannot be attributed to affect.

Objective To investigate the expression and clinical significance of P-selectin in colorectal cancer cells. Methods The protein expression of P-selectin was detected by immunohistochemistry in colorectal cancer tissues ( n=116) and corresponding non-tumor normal mucosa(n=57). The differences of P-selectin expression in colorectal cancer tissues, corre?sponding non-tumor normal mucosa and the clinical pathological significance were compared and analysed in two groups. Results The expression of P-selectin protein was found not only in vascular endothelial cells but also in colorectal cancer cells. The positive rate of P-selectin expression was apparently higher in colorectal cancer cells (77.6%, 90/116) than that in normal mucosa (17.5%, 10/57,χ2=56.49, P<0.05). However, there were no significance in positive rates of P-selectin in colorectal cancer cells between tumors with different diameters, different degrees of differentiation, different depths of infiltration and with or without lymph node metastasis (80.6%vs. 74.1%, 79.0%vs. 74.3%, 78.4%vs. 76.9%, 82.7%vs. 73.4%, P>0.05). Conclusion The high expression of P-seletin in colorectal cancer cells is an important characteristic of colorectal cancer.

Purpose To investigate the relation of Epstein-Barr virus ( EBV) infections and malignant lymphoma. Methods EBV-co-ded RNA ( EBER) was detected by in situ hybridization in tumor tissue of 81 cases of malignant lymphoma in oral, maxillofacial and neck regions, with analysis of the clinical pathological features. Results The detection frequencies of EBER was 44. 44%. The posi-tive detection of EBER in Hodgkin′s lymphomas was 40% and that in non-Hodgkin lymphomas was 45. 1%, including 75% in T cell lymphomas, 87. 5% in NK/T cell lymphomas and 2. 9% in B-cell lymphoma. The positive rates of EBER in T cell lymphomas and NK/T cell lymphomas were significantly higher than that in B-cell lymphoma (P<0. 05). There was a significant difference in the pos-itive rates of EBER between intra-nodal ( 17. 9%) and extra-nodal ( 58. 5%) lymphomas ( P<0. 05 ) . But there was no significant difference the positive rates of EBER between in lymphoma patients over 50 years of age and under the age of 50 patients (55. 9%) (P>0. 05). Conclusion Oral and maxillofacial and neck lymphoma is closely associated with EBV infection in Guangxi region, espe-cially, in which NK/T cell lymphoma most typically occurs in extra-nodal diffuse lymphoid tissues.

Objective To investigate the clinical value of double contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (DCUS) in diagnosing lymph nodes metastasis of gastric carcinoma.Methods One hundred and sixteen patients with gastric cancer diagnosed by gastroscope and confirmed by pathology after operation were examined by DCUS preoperatively.The enhanced characteristic of gastric carcinoma tissues was assessed by autotracking contrast quantification(ACQ) software.The baseline intensity(BI), peak intensity(PI), arrival time(AT) and time to peak(TTP) of gastric cancer was measured automatically,and the enhanced intensity (EI) and wash-in time(WIT) of gastric cancer was calculated manually (EI=PI-BI; WIT=TTP-AT).All of the subjects were divided into two groups according to their lymph nodes status postoperatively:group N1,sixty-nine patients with lymph nodes metastasis; and group N0, forty-seven patients without lymph nodes metastasis.The DCUS quantitative analysis and pathological results of these two groups were compared each other.The Kappa's test was used for inter-rater reliability.Results BI of group N1 in the gastric carcinoma tissues was lower than that of group N0 significantly [(1.41 ± 1.56)dB vs (3.92 ± 2.82)dB, t = - 4.81, P = 0.000].EI of group N1 in the gastric carcinoma tissues was higher than that of group N0 significantly [(20.67±3.71)dB vs (14.12±3.75)dB, t=7.31, P=0.000].Moreover, there was a significant difference of WIT in the gastric carcinoma tissues between these two groups[(9.12±2.99)s vs (10.88±3.05)s, t =-2.43, P=0.018].The WIT in patients with lymph nodes metastasis was shorter than that without it. A cut-off value ＞17.05 dB of EI in gastric cancer tissues for assessing the lymph nodes metastasis had a sensitivity of 80.50% and specificity of 76.70% respectively obtained by the area under the ROC curve. The Kappa value of this method was 0.88.Conclusions EI of gastric cancer tissues can be considered as a new potential index to evaluate the lymph nodes metastasis of gastric cancer.

Objective:To study the expression of MMP-9 in nasal NK/T cell lymphoma, HIF-1a and its relationship with the clinical and pathologic characteristics. Methods:46 cases ( case group) of paraffin block specimens from patients with pathologically confirmed nasal NK/T cell lymphoma were collected from the Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical College For Nationalities,the same period endoscopy turbinate mucosa were confirmed by pathology in 20 cases of chronic inflammation of mucosa specimens ( control group) , respectively HE staining and immunohistochemistry handle two specimens, observation of the expression differences of two groups of specimens of pathological morphology, MMP-9 and HIF-1a, and to analyze its relationship with the clinical and pathological features of the patients. Results: Case group HIF-1a expression rate 67. 39% (31/46), expression was 6. 52% (3/20) in control group. , the HIF-1a case group were significantly higher than control group (P<0. 05). Case group MMP-9 expression rate 71. 74%(33/46), in the control group expression was 6. 52% (3/20), MMP-9 expression in the case group was significantly higher than control group (P<0. 05). HIF-1a and MMP-9 in positive expression in Ann Arbor staging (Ⅲ-Ⅳ), lymph node metastasis, vascular invasion in patients with nasal NK/T cell lymphoma tissue appeared a high expression ( P< 0. 05 ) . Conclusion: Nasal NK/T cell lymphoma tissue of patients with HIF-1a, MMP-9 presented high expression, and there was a certain relationship between Arbor Ann stage (Ⅲ-Ⅳ) , lymph node metastasis and vascular invasion.