Abastract:Objective To explore the pathogenic bacteria distribution and drug resistance of otitis media in preschool children.Methods Children with otitis media during January 2012 to December 2015 were selected. Ear discharge was taken for common pathogenic bacteria isolation and culture. The drug sensitivity was tested.Results In 200 strains of pathogenic bacteria isolated, 156 (78.0%) strains were Gram-positive cocci, mainly beingStreptococcus pneumoniae,Staphylococcus aureus; 38 (19.0%) strains were Gram-negative bacilli, mainly beingPseudomonas aeruginosa; 6 (3.0%) strains were monilia. Streptococcus pneumoniae had high rate of resistance to erythromycin, tetracycline, clindamycin and sulfamethoxazole, and low rate of resistance to penicillin.Staphylococcus aureus had high rate of resistance to penicillin, and had not found resistance to vancomycin, linezolid and daptomycin. In routine monitoring of 12 kinds of antimicrobial agents, the overall drug resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was low, and the resistance rates of each antimicrobial agent was less than 32%.Conclusion The common pathogens of otitis media in preschool children wereStreptococcus pneumoniae,Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. However, different bacteria had different drug resistance. Thus, rational use of antibacterial drugs is the key to control infections.

AIM: To study a method of determing ginsenoside Rg_1 and Rb_1,notoginoside R_1 contents in Xuesaitong Enteric Dripping Pill. METHODS: HPLC was used to determine gingsenoside Rg_1 and Rb_1 notoginse-(noside) R_1 contents. RESULTS: The average recoveries were 100.35% for ginsenoside Rg_1(RSD=1.34%),(102.01%) for ginsenoside Rb_1(RSD=1.48%),100.13% for notoginsenoside R_1(RSD=1.78%),n=6),respectively. CONCLUSION: The method is simple,senstive and precise.It could be used for the determination of ginsenoside Rg_1 and Rb_1,notoginsenoside R_1 contents in Xuesaitong Enteric Dripping Pill.

AIM: To study a method of determining ginsenoside Rg1 and Rb1,notoginsenoside R1 contents in Tiaojing Yangyan Capsule(Radix Astragali,Fructus Ligustri Lucidi,etc.). METHODS: HPLC was used to determine ginsenoside Rg1 and Rb1,notoginsenoside R1 contents. RESULTS: The average recoveries were 99.03% for ginsenoside Rg1(RSD=1.59%),98.95% for ginsenoside Rb1(RSD=1.40%),99.18% for notoginsenoside R1(RSD=1.97%) respectively n=6. CONCLUSION: The method is simple,sensitive and precise.It can be used for the determination of ginsenoside Rg1 and Rb1,notoginsenoside R1 in Tiaojing Yangyan Capsule.

Objective To investigate the expression of cellular chemokine CCL22 and its receptor CCR4, as well as its clinical significance in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), along with its roles in the pathogenesis of this disease. Methods Forty-eight patients with SLE and 26 normal human controls were recruited into this study. The patient cohort included 2 males and 46 females with an average age of 33.98± 12.73 years and disease course of 1 month to 20 years. Blood samples were collected from the subjects. ELISA and flow cytometry were used to examine the plasma concentration of CCL22 together with the CCR4 expression on peripheral blood cells. SLEDAI was applied to evaluate the severity of SLE patients. Results The plasma concentration of CCL22 was 227.03±122.84 ng/L in SLE group, 369.53±79.10 ng/L in the control group, 168.09±61.83 ng/L in patients with lupus nephritis and 292.77±163.45 ng/L in patients without lupus nephritis; there was a significant difference between the SLE patients and normal con-trols (P < 0.05) as well as between patients with lupus nephritis and those without (P < 0.05). Increased percentage of CCR4-expressing cells were observed in the peripheral blood of patients with SLE compared with the controls (20.24%±13.86% vs 10.44%±3.07%, P < 0.01), and the percentage of CD3+CCR4+ cells was significantly higher than that of CD3-CCR4+ cells. Moreover, a decrease was noted in the plasma con-centration of CCL22 in severe patients (P < 0.05). In SLE patients, the percentage of CCR4 increased with the rise in SLEDAI score, whereas the plasma concentration of CCL22 negatively correlated with SLEDAI score (r = -0.308, P < 0.05). Conclusion CCL22/CCR4 may play a certain role in the development, pro-gression and organ involvement in SLE.

This article mainly introduced the basic strategy of rehabilitation of spinal cord injury,including maintaining and improving range of motor(ROM),enhancing the muscle strength,sitting and standing balance training,respiration training,application of splints and aids.The rehabilitation objectives and approaches of each level of spinal cord injuries were also involved.

The complications of spinal cord injury(SCI)affect not only the rehabilitation treatment,but also quality of the patients' living,even threaten to patients' life,including pressure sore,complications of urinary system and respiratory system,deep venous thrombosis,pulmonary embolism,spasm,pain,autonomic dysreflexia,osteoporosis,etc.The prevention and treatment of complications of SCI may be helpful to improve patients' health,and a premise of the rehabilitation.

As the manual muscle testing is not sensitive enough to reflect the change of muscle strength, more and more people begin to use isokinetic dynamometry and handheld dynamometer for quantitative tests of muscle strength measurement. This paper briefly introduced the history of clinical approaches of muscle strength measurement, compared the advantages and disadvantages of various quantitative mus-cle strength testing, on which the specific techniques of clinical muscle strength measurement were discussed.

Objective To retrospectively analyze the lower extremity deep vein thrombosis prevention in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI). Methods A total of 115 SCI patients in our department from April to May, 2015 were included. The clinical symptoms, lower limb deep vein ultrasonic testing, laboratory examination were collected to analyze the occurrence, prevention measures, the thrombus location and management of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) in lower limbs. Results Forty-three patients had thromboprophylaxis in other hospitals before admission, and 105 patients in our department after admission, in which, nine cases were with clinical symptoms in other hospitals and three cases in our department. No pulmonary embolism occurred in them. There was no significant difference in most laboratory index-es between patients with DVT and without DVT in lower limbs (P>0.05). Five patients were with DVT in lower limbs in 43 patients who had thromboprophylaxis, and four cases in 72 patients who did not have thromboprophylaxis. No relationship was found between thrombo-prophylaxis and DVT in lower limbs (χ2=0.663, P=0.415). Five patients were with DVT in lower limbs in 53 patients with complete SCI, and four cases in 59 patients with incomplete SCI. No relationship was found between the severity of SCI and DVT in lower limbs in other hospitals (χ2=0.028, P=0.867). Conclusion DVT in lower limbs could be also occurred in patients who accepted thromboprophylaxis. Labo-ratory indexes are inadequate for the prediction and diagnosis specificity of DVT in lower limbs.

Spinal cord injury(SCI)may result in tetraplegia or paraplegia,which is a great damage to the abilities of patients' daily living.There is no cure of SCI at present,and standard rehabilitation is an effective treatment method of SCI.It will help the SCI patients to develop their remaining function and potential function,prevent all kinds of complications,decrease the incidence of disabilities,improve their quality of life,shorten their stay in hospital and decrease the medical expenditure.The necessary premise of their reentry family and society is to complete the barrier free accessibilities of their housing and occupational training.

Objective To investigate the epidemiology characteristics of spinal cord injury(SCI)in hospital.Methods1264 inpatients with SCI during April 1992～August 2006 were analyzed retrospectively.Results and Conclusion56.1% of the cases were 20～40 years old.Traffic trauma(44.3%)and fall injury(21.8%)were the main causes of SCI.The incidences of affected segments were:cervical segments 31.5%,thoracolumbar 28.1%,and thoracic 21.3%.56.7% were complete injury and 43.3% were incomplete.The most frequent complication of SCI were:urinary tract infection,pressure sore and bladder lithiasis.The expenditure of hospitalization was provided by oneself(52.5%),public medicalcare(33.1%),only 4.1% by hospitalization insurance.