Objective To study the effects of rehabilitation training on angiogenesis and its ultrastructure and expression of CD32 in the peri-infarction region of rats with focal cerebral infarction. Methods Sixty-six Spra-gue-Dawley rats with experimental left middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) were used as subjects in this study. All the rats were randomly divided into three groups: a rehabilitation training group (n=30), which was given bar rotating, balancing and rolling exercises everyday after 48 hours post MCAO; a control group (n = 30) and a sham-operated group (n=6), which were fed in cages with no special training exercises. Then brain tissues were fixed on the 3rd d, 7th d, 14th d after MCAO, for observing the morphological alterations of microvessels in peri-infarction re-gion using transmission electron microscope, immunohistochemistry and Western blotting were used to measure the ex-pression of CD31, which acted as the marker of the neogenetic microvessels. Results (1) It showed that the capil-lary endothelial cells were less edematous in the rehabilitation training group, and there were less pinocytosis bullae in basal membrane more integral nucleus of endothelial cells in rehabilitation training group when compared with those in the control group. (2) Expression of CD31 can be observed in peri-infarction region in both groups from the 3rd d on-wards, and peaked on the 7th d, and then gradually went down after the 14th d. Comparison between the 2 groups showed that the expression of CD31 in rehabilitation training group was higher than that in the control group at every time point, but statistical difference between the 2 groups in this regard could be revealed only on the 7th d (P< 0.05), Conclusion Rehabilitation training could promote ultrastruetural recovery of microvessels and induce an-giogenesis in peri-infaretion region, and it might be one of the mechanisms of neural functional recovery in rats after MCAO.

Objective To study the effects of rehabilitative training on motor function and expression of GAP-43 and SYN in rats with local cerebral infarction. Methods A total of 76 male adult Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a rehabilitative training group(n=32),a control group(n=32),and a sham-operated group(n=1 2).All the rats were subjected to left middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO)with the suture occlu sion.Motor training programs including balancing,grasping,rotating and walking exercises were administered to the rats of the rehabilitative training group at 48 hours post-operation,while those of other two groups were reared in their original living status without any special training.The animals were given behavioral tests with Bederson test,balancing wood test,net screen test to assess the functional outcome,and immunohistochemistry staining was employed to evaluate the exDression of GAP-43 and SYN in peri-infarction cortex at the 3rd,7th,21 st,35th days after MACO,respectively. Results The scores of behavioral tests in the rehabilitative training group was better than those in the control group(P＜0.05)at the 7th,21 st,35th day after MCAO,and the immunostaining showed that expression of GAP-43 was higher in the rehabilitative training group than that in the control group(P＜0.05)and the sham operated group(P＜0.01)at the 7th and 21 st days post-operation,respectively,and that the expression of SYN was higher in the rehabilitative training group than that in the control(P＜0.05)and the sham operated groups(P＜0.05)at the 21 st and the 35th days post-operation,respectively. Conclusion Rehabilitative training can improve func tional recovery in rats with local cerebral infarction,and the function enhancement may be partially attributed to the up-regulation of expression of GAP-43 and SYN in peri-infarction cortex.

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Staphylococcus epidermidis is the most important member of the coagulase-negative staphylococci and one of the most abundant colonizers of human skin.S.epidermidis is a bacterial species that is commonly described as relatively innoc-uous,which is in part due to the notion that it lacks secreted toxins with limited capability of infection.S.epidermidis pro-duces a series of molecules that provide protection from host defenses,including many proteins and exopolymers.Further-more,recent research has identified a family of cytolytic peptidesin S.epidermidis,the phenolsoluble modulins (PSMs),and the notion that S.epidermidis is virtually toxin-free had to be somewhat revised.

Objective To study the immune system regulatory effects of CD8+CD28-regulatory T lymphocytes in an experimental bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell treatment of autoimmune encephalomyelitis.Methods A model of autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) was established in twenty-eight C57BL/6 female mice,6 to 8 weeks old weighing 16 to 20 g using myelinoligodendrocyte glycoprotein 35-55 amino acid peptide (MOG35-55).The mice were randomly divided into a phosphate-buffered solution (PBS) group (n =7),an MSCs-Low group [n =7 which received an injection of 2× 105 mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)],an MSCs-Med group (n=7,1× 106 MSCs),and an MSCs-High group (n=7,5×106 MSCs).Their clinical condition was then evaluated daily.On the 15th day after the MOG35-55 immunization,the different MSC doses were administered intravenously via the tail.On the 30th day the mice were sacrificed to observe any neuropathology of the spinal cord.At the same time,FACS flow cytometry was used to assay CD8+CD28-T cells in the spleen.Results Compared with the PBS control group,the MSC treatment effectively alleviated illness among the mice by the 15th day after the immunization.The maximum and average disease scores and clinical illness scores had all improved significantly.The medium dosage worked best.Neuropathological analysis showed that the MSC treatment could significantly reduce the invasion of inflammatory cells and minimize demyelination in the spinal cord.Furthermore,the CD8+ CD28-regulatory T cells in the spleens of the MSCtreated animals increased compared with the PBS control group,though the secreted levels of IL-10 showed no obvious difference.Conclusions Treatment with MCSs can promote the recovery of neural function in autoimmune encephalomyelitis,at least in mice.CD8+CD28-regulatory T cells may not be the main effector cells,playing only a synergistic therapeutic role.

Objective To study tirofiban intravenous injection,coronary artery injection of the two different methods in acute ST segment elevation myocardial infarction,the application of emergency PCI.Methods Patients underwent emergency PCI with acute ST segment elevation myocardial infarction as the research subjects,a total of 108 cases,the patients were randomly divided into the observation group and control group,54 patients in each group. In the observation group,the first dose of tirofiban was injected into the coronary artery.The control group was treated by intravenous injection.The results of the two groups were compared.Results Before treatment,TIMI level 2 and level 3 ratio,initial corrected TIMI frame count of the observation group were significantly lower than the control group (χ2 /t =4.32,4.59,5.25,all P <0.05).After treatment,MBG level 2 or level 3 ratio,post -operative corrected TIMI frame count of the observation group were significantly higher than the control group (χ2 /t =4.11,4.85,5.87, all P <0.05).1 h after PCI treatment,the number of cases of ST fully back,the added value of EF,plague index scores of observation group were 53 cases,(8.02 ±6.94)%,(0.41 ±0.28)respectively,which were significantly higher than those of the control group 36 cases,(5.87 ±6.54)%,(0.28 ±0.27)(χ2 /t =5.32,4.32,3.65,all P <0.05).Adverse events of the two groups had no significant difference (χ2 =0.52,P >0.05).Conclusion Compared with intravenous injection,tirofiban in the treatment of acute ST segment elevation myocardial infarction by intracoronary injection can improve the level of myocardial perfusion after PCI operation,promote the recovery of left ventricular function,and has high security.

A survey was conducted on a sample of 67 general practitioners ( GPs ) receiving in-service training in Beijing in 2012.Hypertension knowledge mastering and training status were investigated through a self-administered questionnaire .Results showed that the accuracy rates of the 4 domainitems (basic knowledge and skill, lifestyle modification, drug therapy, health management ) were 42.3%(340/804), 48.0%(225/469), 27.8%(96/335) and 70.6%(473/670), respectively with an overall accuracy rate of 49.8%(1 134/2 278).Trainees from urban scored higher than those from rural areas (P<0.01).About one third of trainees indicated that the 3 main teaching sessions they took part in did not cover the content of hypertension management .The hypertension guideline ( primary care version 2009) was most frequently used for training GPs , but only 33.9%(21/62) accessed such training .The results indicate that hypertension knowledge level seems to be generally low among GPs on in-service training in Beijing and the current training situation need to be further improved , particularly for those from rural areas .

Objective To analyze the advantages and disadvantages of minimally invasive video -assisted thyroidectomy(MIVAT)and totally endoscopic thyroidectomy (TET).Methods The study included 70 patients undergoing MIVAT and TET at Qilu Hospital of Shandong University and Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital from Jan . 2012 to Dec.2012.46 patients undergoing MIVAT(MIVAT group)and 24 patients undergoing TET(TET group) were analyzed retrospectively .Data of gender,age,operative data,intraoperative and postoperative complications , length of stay , feelings of patients and cosmetic effect were collected and analyzed .MIVAT and TET were com-pared in terms of safety ,trauma and cosmetic effect .Results ①About safety:no permanent recurrent laryngeal nerve(RLN)palsy and parathyroid injury occurred in either group .One case in MIVAT group and no case in TET group was converted to open surgery (2.2%vs 0%,P>0.05) .②About trauma:the intraoperative blood loss and postoperative drainage amount in the MIVAT group were significantly less than those in the TET group ( P <0.05).Postoperative VAS score at 6 hours was similar,but MIVAT group showed lower postoperative VAS score than TET group at 12 hours and 24 hours ( P<0.05 ) .No significant difference was observed between the 2 groups about C reactive protein (CRP)on the 1st day before operation,the 1st and 3rd day after operation(P>0.05).③About cosmetic effect:the 2 groups had similar patient satisfaction index .Conclusions The study shows similar results in safety and trauma .The 2 approaches are both safe and valid .Patients using the two ap-proaches are equally satisfied with the cosmetic effect .

Objective To determine whether regulatory T cells(Tr)are increased in patients with tuberculosis and whether they are associated with its immunopathology.Meantime,to investigate the possibility of tuberculosis(TB)as a model for studying Tr functions.Methods The lymphocyte subsets were isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells by sorting with flow cytometry.Total cellular RNA was extracted and RT-PCR was performed to detect the Foxp3 mRNA in purified CD3+CIM+T cells,CD3+CD8+T cells and non-CD3+CD4+CD8+T cells.Using FACS analysis.we further investigated the distribution of Foxp3+ population in CD4+ CD25+T cells.Finally,we compared the percentage of CD4+CD25highFoxp3+T cells present in 51 active patients with tuberculosis and 40 uninfected healthy control subjects by FACS.The detection of Tr infiltration of Foxp3+ cells were performed with immunohistochemistry(IHC)method on tuberculosis pathological sections.Results Foxp3 was specific expressed in CD3+CD4+T cells,either in tuberculosis patients or healthy control subjects.Foxp3+ T cells took about 85%fraction of CD4+ CD25highpopulation.We used CD4+CD25high Foxp3+as a detective markers for Tr in the FACS analysis.The results showed that patients with active TB had a 4.4 fold higher percentage within the CD4+T cells in peripheral blood compared to healthy control group(modian,1.01%vs 0.23%,P<0.01).Much higher frequency of Tr were found along with T cells infiltration at the tuberculosis pathological tissues.A few individuals that we can followed indicated the expanded Tr was declined after curative treatment with operation.Conclusion Tr cells are increased in tuberculosis patients and closely correlate with its immunopathology.Tuberculosis should be a valuable model for Tr functional study.