Depression, a mental health disorder, has emerged as one of the significant challenges in the global public health domain. Investigating the pathogenesis of depression and accurately assessing the symptomatic changes are fundamental to formulating effective clinical diagnosis and treatment strategies. Utilizing non-invasive brain imaging technologies such as functional magnetic resonance imaging and scalp electroencephalography, existing studies have confirmed that the onset of depression is closely associated with abnormal neural activities and altered functional connectivity in multiple brain regions. Magnetoencephalography, unaffected by tissue conductivity and skull thickness, boasts high spatial resolution and signal-to-noise ratio, offering unique advantages and significant value in revealing the abnormal brain mechanisms and neural characteristics of depression. This review, starting from the rhythmic characteristics, nonlinear dynamic features, and connectivity characteristics of magnetoencephalography in depression patients, revisits the research progress on magnetoencephalography features related to depression, discusses current issues and future development trends, and provides insights for the study of pathophysiological mechanisms, as well as for clinical diagnosis and treatment of depression.
Humans ; Magnetoencephalography/methods* ; Brain/physiopathology* ; Depression/diagnosis* ; Electroencephalography ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Objective:To investigate the mid-term clinical outcomes of selective column arthrodesis based on the three-column theory in the treatment of malunion of Lisfranc injury.Methods:The 28 patients with malunion of Lisfranc injury were analyzed retrospectively who had been treated by selective column arthrodesis at Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine from January 2011 to January 2020.They were 18 males and 10 females, with an average age of 37.2 years(from 18 to 65 years). Twelve left and 16 right sides were affected. According to Myerson's three-column classification, one case was medial column injury (type A), 4 ones middle column injury (type B), 7 ones medial plus middle columns injury and 16 ones three-column injury. Medial column arthrodesis was conducted in 7, middle column arthrodesis in 4 and medial plus middle columns arthrodesis in 17. The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) midfoot score and visual analogue scale (VAS) were compared between preoperation and the last follow-up to evaluate the improvements in foot function and pain. The operation-related complications were recorded.Results:All patients were followed up for an average of 35.6 months (from 18 to 60 months). The AOFAS midfoot score increased from 43.1±4.1 at pre-operation to 84.1± 7.4 at the last follow-up and the VAS score decreased from 5.7±1.3 at pre-operation to 2.0±0.9 at the last follow-up (both P<0.001). The wounds healed in 28 patients, 3 of whom had postoperative wound exudation but responded to dressing change. There were no such complications as injury to the deep peroneal nerve or deep venous thrombosis. The internal fixation was removed in 5 patients at about one year after arthrodesis. Conclusion:Selective column arthrodesis based on the three-column theory can result in satisfactory med-term clinical outcomes in the treatment of malunion of Lisfranc injury.

Colorectal cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors. Myeloperoxidase (MPO), as an oxidase in neutrophils lysosomes, plays an important role in activating carcinogenic gene intermediates and enhancing exogenous carcinogenesis. It can stimulate oxidative stress reaction in vivo by producing hypochlorite, reactive oxygen species and other oxidants, and induce gene instability factors such as DNA damage, mutation, mismatch repair and so on, which leads to the occurrence and development of colorectal cancer. MPO single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) is related to the genetic susceptibility of cancer. Mpors 2333227-463G>A can reduce the risk of colorectal cancer. Therefore, the research on MPO, MPO-463G>A will provide new ideas and strong evidence for early detection, prevention, disease assessment and targeted treatment of colorectal cancer.

Objective:To investigate the prevalence of autism spectrum disorders (ASD)among children in kindergartens in Xi′an urban districts.Methods:A stratified cluster sampling method was adopted, and selected all children from 12 kindergartens in 6 urban districts of Xi′an.Primary screening positive children with ASD were identified by filling out the Autism Behavior Checklist (ABC) by their parents and the guardians reports, and then the beha-vioral observations were made to identify suspicious ASD children.Finally these children were diagnosed in the hospital through the autism diagnostic observation schedule, 2 nd edition (ADOS-2). The data were calculated with SPSS 18.0. Results:Totally, 38 cases with ASD were diagnosed among 5 178 children, the prevalence of children ASD in kindergartens in Xi′an urban districts was 7.3‰, and the 95% confidence interval was 4.98‰-9.62‰.The prevalence of ASD in children was statistically significant in different age groups ( χ2=9.914, P<0.05) and gender groups ( χ2=18.812, P<0.05). The accuracy of ASD screening by guardians reports is better than that by ABC. Conclusions:(1)The prevalence of ASD children in kindergartens in Xi′an urban districts is at high level in similar reports in China.If ASD children at the special education institutions and home are considered, the overall prevalence rate is higher, indicating that the prevalence of ASD children in China may be underestimated.(2)With the increase of age, the attendance rate of ASD children in kindergartens has a decreasing trend.

Objective To study the clinical value of amplitude integrated EEG(aEEG),EEG reactivity,EEG patterns,and Glasgow Coma Scale(GCS) scores of predicting the prognosis in comatose patients with severe traumatic brain injury.Methods Sixty-four hospitalized comatose patients with severe traumatic brain injury were evaluated by aEEG,EEG reactivity,EEG patterns and GCS and followed up for one year to observe the prognosis of the patients.Results Accuracy of aEEG,EEG reactivity,EEG patterns and GCS in predicting outcomes of comatose patients with severe traumatic brain injury correctly classified as 73.4％,68.8％,73.4％,64.1％ respectively.The accuracy of GCS in evaluating the prognosis of comatose patients with severe traumatic brain injury was lower than that of the other three methods (P＜0.05).There were positive correlations among aEEG,EEG reactivity,EEG patterns,and GCS (r=0.574-0.843,P＜ 0.05).There were positive correlations between aEEG,EEG reactivity,EEG patterns,GCS and the patients' prognosis(r=0.647,0.609,0.621,0.532,P＜ 0.05).Conclusion As a new electroencephalographic technique,aEEG combined with EEG reactivity,EEG patterns,and GCS can be effectively used to evaluate the prognosis of STBI coma patients,which has a certain clinical value.

Objective To determine whether unilateral-only interictal discharges on pre-surgical scalp EEG or multimodal pre-surgical evaluation are associated with surgical outcomes in patients with MR imaging-negative temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) who underwent standard anterior temporal lobectomy (ATL). Methods One hundred and seventeen patients with TLE who underwent standard ATL from January 2000 to December 2013 were enrolled. According to the seizures at interictal period, these patients were divided into unilateral-only interictal discharge group (n=54) and bilateral interictal discharge group (n=63). According to the preoperative assessment, these patients were divided into multimodal evaluation group (n=72, two and above evaluation strategies besides electroencephalogram) and single modal evaluation group (n=45, electroencephalogram+one evaluation strategy). Follow-up for 12 months was performed; postsurgical outcomes included excellent outcome, defined as Engel class I, and non-excellent outcome, defined as Engel II-IV. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox proportion hazards were performed to compare the prognoses of patients from different groups. Results Totally, 73 patients (62.4%) achieved excellent outcome following ATL. In 54 with unilateral-only interictal discharges, 41 had excellent outcome; and in 63 with bilateral interictal discharge group, 32 patients had excellent outcome; significant difference in percentage of excellent outcome was noted between the two groups (P<0.05). Fifty of 72 patients receiving multimodal pre-surgical evaluation achieved excellent outcome, and 25 of 45 receiving single modal evaluation achieved excellent outcome; significant difference in percentage of excellent outcome was noted between the two groups (P<0.05). However, the patients with unilateral-only interictal discharges receiving multimodal pre-surgical assessment did not achieve further excellent outcomes as compared with those receiving single modal evaluation, without significant difference (P>0.05). Conclusion Multimodal pre-surgical evaluation is associated with better outcomes following standard ATL in the patients with MR imaging-negative TLE; however, for patients with unilateral-only interictal discharges, multimodal pre-surgical evaluation method may be not essential as compared with single modal pre-surgical evaluation method.

PURPOSE: Gingival recession is a major esthetic concern and may lead to root sensitivity during periodontal treatment. Coronally advanced flaps (CAFs) with and without acellular dermal matrix (ADM) are widely used in root coverage procedures. The aim of this study was to analyze the efficacy of CAF in combination with ADM in the treatment of gingival recession. METHODS: PubMed, The Cochrane Library, and Embase were used to identify relevant articles. The articles were screened, data were extracted, and the quality of the studies was assessed by three reviewers with expertise in clinical practice, trials, statistics, and biomedical editing. The clinical endpoints of interest included changes in recession, probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), and keratinized tissue (KT). RESULTS: Ten randomized controlled trials were identified, including six studies that compared CAFs with ADM and CAFs using connective tissue grafting (CTG) and four studies that compared CAFs with or without ADM. No statistically significant differences were found between the use of ADM and CTG, whereas statistically significant differences were found between groups in which ADM and CAF were combined and groups that underwent CAF alone with regard to recession coverage, CAL, and KT. The combination of CAF with an ADM allograft achieved more favorable recession coverage and recovery of CAL and KT than CAF alone. CONCLUSIONS: The results from the ADM and CTG groups suggest that both procedures may be equally effective in clinical practice. Given the limitations of this study, further investigation is needed to clarify the effectiveness of ADM and CAF in clinical practice.
Acellular Dermis* ; Allografts ; Connective Tissue ; Gingival Recession ; Transplants

[ ABSTRACT] AIM:To investigate the preventive effect of Guizhi decoction on myocardial injury after chemical sympathectomy induced by 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA).METHODS:Wistar rats (n=54) were randomly divided in-to 6 groups.Methycobal and Guizhi decoction ( with different proportions between Ramulus Cinnamomi and Radix paeoniae Alba at 2∶1, 1∶2 or 1∶1) were pre-administered to the rats.Immunohistochemical method was used to observe the cardiac sympathetic nerve distribution.The contents of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), choline acetylaminotransferase (ChAT) and growth-associated protein 43 (GAP-43) in the left ventricle were measured by ELISA.The serum levels of myocardial en-zymes and morphology of myocardial tissues were also observed.RESULTS:6-OHDA successfully induced cardiac sympa-thetic denervation as the contents of TH and GAP-43 in the left ventricle declined significantly.Compared with model group, the content of TH was elevated in both methycobal group and Guizhi decoction groups, while the content of GAP-43 was elevated only in Guizhi decoction groups.The serum levels of myocardial enzymes and the histopathological changes of the cardiac tissues were deteriorated after injection of 6-OHDA, indicating that the myocardial injury was established. Methycobal and Guizhi decoction normalized the abnormal change.Guizhi decoctions at 2∶1 and 1∶1 showed the best effi-cacy.CONCLUSION:6-OHDA-induced sympathetic denervation causes myocardial injury.Guizhi decoction with the proportions between Ranulus Cinnamomi and Radix paeoniae Alba at 2∶1 and 1∶1 effectively alleviate the myocardial injury after cardiac sympathetic denervation induced by 6-OHDA.

Objective To observe the effects of grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE)combined with atorvastatin on carotid atherosclerosis of the elderly. Methods Consecutivly 122 patient aged( 73.2 ±12.8) years with hypercholesterolemia and diagnosed as asymptomatic carotid artery plaques were randomly assigned to single atorvastatin(20 mg/d) treatment group (n=63) and combination treatment (atorvastatin 10 mg/d plus GSPE 400 mg/d) group (n=59).Serum total cholesterol (TC),triglyceride (TG),low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C),high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels were detected before treatment and 3,6,12 months after treatment.Mean maximum carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT),plaque score and stability were also assessed by carotid ultrasound. Results After 3 months of treatment,serum levels of TC,TG and LDL-C in both groups were lower than before treatment (all P＜0.01),but no difference was found between the two groups (P＞0.05).HDL-C levels was enhanced by 20.2％ in combination treatment group after 3 months of treatment (P＜0.05),there was difference after 6 months treatment between two groups (P＜0.05).Serum hs-CRP concentrations were decreased by 1.7 mg/L and 3.6 mg/L,3.8 mg/L and 6.3 mg/L,5.9 mg/L and 8.3 mg/L after 3,6 and 12 months treatment as compared with pretreatment,respectively in the two groups (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).There was difference in hs-CRP levels between groups after 6 and 1.2months of treatment (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).There were MMCIMT reduction by 1.3％ and 2.0％ (P＞0.05),3.4％ and 5.3％(P＞0.05 and P＜0.05 ),5.1％ and 8.6％ after 3,6 and 12 months of treatment(P＜0.05 and P＜0.01) in the two groups,with distinct difference after 12 month treatment (P＜ 0.01 ).The plaque scores were declined by 6.8 ％ and 13.1％ ( both P ＞ 0.05 ),14.5 ％ and 28.0％ (P＞0.05 and P＜0.05),19.2％ and 45.0％(P＜0.05 and P＜0.01)after 3,6 and 12 months of treatment while significant difference was found between the two groups after 12 months treatment (P＜0.05).Unstable plaque and the total number of plaque was dropped by 8 and 14 in single group,19 and 28 in combination group,respectively,after 12 months of treatment. Conclusions GSPE combined with atorvastatin may inhibit the development of carotid intima-media thickness,reduce carotid plaque and promote stabilization of carotid plaque.

Background and purpose:Nausea and vomiting were the most common side effects of chemotherapy and they are difficult to control especially in terms of delayed nausea and vomiting induced by CDDP. Acupuncture treatment is popularly the traditional medical method used in China,being economic and easy to carry out.This research is to study the role of acupuncture treatment in the prevention of NP regimen induced delayed nausea and vomiting. Methods:26 patients with NSCLC were enrolled into a randomized double blind crossover trial. The patients received either hydrochloride ondostrone+Dexm+acupuncture treatment(the first cycle of chemotherapy) →hydrochloride ondostrone+Dexm (the second cycle of chemotherapy)(defined as AB group) or hydrochloride ondostrone+Dexm (the first cycle of chemotherapy)→hydrochloride ondostrone+Dexm+acupuncture treatment (the second cycle of chemotherapy)( defined as BA group).Results:Twenty six patients were evaluated. The complete controls of nausea for the AB group with acupuncture treatment were 96.15%, 96.15%, 76.92%, 84.62%, 92.31% and 100.00% for day 1-6, respectively, for the BA group without acupuncture treatment were 100.00%, 76.92%, 57.69%, 34.62%, 65.38% and 76.92%, respectively. There were statistically difference in terms of the control of nausea for day 3-5(P