Objective To understand the epidemic situation of Hepatitis B of the children and the situation of Hepatitis B vaccine injection in Maanshan city so as to provide the basis for the development of Hepatitis B vaccination strategy or adjustment in all of the people. Methods Two-stage sampling method was designed to survey 978 children under the age of 15 in 8 villages, with 3～5 ml of venous blood brawn and HBVM detected by ELISA. Results HBsAg positive rate of the children under the age of 15 was 10.12% in 1991 and, compared with the present rate at 0.92%, there was a significant difference. The protection rate of Hepatitis B vaccination was 90.91%. HBsAb positive rate of the children under the age of 15 was 40.49%, and the distribution was balanced among regional, urban and rural areas. With the in crease in age, the trend of Hepatitis B antibody levels declined, but the 1～5 age group had lower peak. The survey rate of Hepatitis B vaccine injection of the children under the age of 15 was 91.82%, and the report rate was 87.89%. The regional difference for them was significant. With the in crease in age, the rate of Hepatitis B vaccine injection declined for the survey and the report in all of the children under the age of 15. Conclusions The effect of Hepatitis B Control for 16 years is very significant in the city. It is necessary to administer charge-free Hepatitis B vaccination for the newborns and to strengthen the Hepatitis B vaccination in flowing children.

Objective To investigate the clinical application of fecal calprotectin in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).Methods Colonoscopy took 79 patients with IBD that were diagnosed with pathology,including 47 cases of ulcerative colitis (UC) patients,32 cases of Crohn's disease (CD).Moreover,42 cases of IBD patients without abdominal pain,diarrhea and other intestinal inflammation were used as disease control group,and 34 cases of healthy people were used as healthy control group.The level of fecal calprotectin in each group was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results The positive rate of fecal Calprotectin in IBD group,disease control group and the healthy control group was 57.0％,19.0％,and 0,respectively; each positive rate in IBD group was significantly higher than the other two groups (P ＜ 0.05).The serum concentration of fecal calprotectin in IBD group [(493.86 ±204.18) μg/g] was significantly higher than the disease control group [(71.46 ± 60.51) μg/g] and the healthy control group [(36.19 ± 13.46) μg/g] (P ＜ 0.05) ; IBD active calprotection [(1015.23 ± 324.96) μg/g] was significantly higher than resting [(52.69 ±34.71) μg/g] (P ＜0.01).Conclusions Fecal calprotectin test benefits early diagnosis of IBD,and may be taken as the diagnostic index of IBD activity.It has extensively clinical value.

Objective To evaluate the effectivity and safety of dual antiplatelet therapy with clopidogrel and aspirin in patients with ST-segment elevation acute yocardial infarction(AMI).Methods We searched for randomized controlled trials(RCTs)and quasi-RCTs in the following electronic databases:PubMed,EMBASE,The Cochrane Library(Issue 3,2007),CBM,CNKI,VIP and Wanfang.Quality assessment and data extraction were conducted by two reviewers independently.Disagreement were resolved through discussion.All data were analyzed by using Review Manager 4.2. Results Ten studies involving a total of 52 433 participants met the inclusion criteria.Metaanalysis results showed that:(1)Compared with aspirin alone,the incidence rates of death caused by any reason(RR=0.91,95% CI:0.85～0.97),recurrent myocardial infarction(RR=0.80,95% CI:0.72～0.89),stroke(RR=0.81,95% CI:0.68～0.96),post-infarction angina(RR=0.35,95% CI:0.19～0.66),incoronary thrombus(RR=0.73,95% CI:0.64～0.83)and the combined endpoint events of death,reinfarction or stroke(RR=0.89,95% CI:0.84～0.95)could be reduced by clopidogrel and aspirin.(2)There were no significant differences in ameliorating the cardiac function and increasing TIMI blood flow of infarct-related artery between the two groups RR=0.97,95% CI:0.92～1.03;RR=1.14,95% CI:1.00～1.30;both P＞0.05.(3)There was no significant difference in bleeding between the tWO groups(RR=1.11,95% CI:0.92～1.34). Conclusions Compared with aspirin alone,clopidogrel plus aspirin has good effects on reducing the incidence rates of death caused by any reason,recurrent myocardial infarction,stroke,post-infarction angina,incoronary thrombus and the combined endpoint events of death,reinfarction or stroke in patients with ST-segment elevation AMI,and it has the same efficacy in ameliorating the cardiac function,increasing TIMI blood flow of infarct-related artery and bleeding.

OBJECTIVE ToexplorethepossiblemechanismoractiontargetsofT-2toxinembryo toxicity by observing the effect of T-2 toxin on mitochondrial function of differentiated murine e mbryonic stemcells(mESCs).METHODS Duringdifferentiationat24,72and120h,ESCswereexposedto T-2 toxin 0.5 μg·L-1 .Meanwhile,mESCs were pre-treated with antioxidant Trolox (200 μmol·L-1 )for 30 min and exposed to T-2 toxin (0.5 μg·L-1 )for 72 h.The mitochondrial ultrasture of differentiated mESCs was observed under a transi mission electrical microscope (TEM).The differentiated ESC mito-chondrial function,including respiratory control ratio (RCR),ATP synthase activity and mitochondrial membranepotential(MMP),wasmeasuredat144hafterdifferentiation.RESULTS Significant decrease of the mitochondrial number,deformation of mitochondrial structure,and lack of complete mito-chodrial crest were observed through TEM in the groups of T-2 toxin exposed for 72 and 1 20 h,respec-tively.Compared with the normal control group,RCR declined by 49.5% and 55.1%,ATP synthase activity decreased by 84.9% and 89.3%,and MMP decreased by 23.2% and 35.2% in T-2 toxin 0.5 μg·L-1 exposure 72 and 1 20 h group,respectively.However,the inhibition of mitochondrial function by T-2 toxin in differentiated mESCs recovered significantly in the presence of the antioxidant Trolox. CONCLUSION T-2toxininducesoxidativestressandinhibitsmESCsmitochondrialfunctionindifferenti-ated mESCs,and ROS-induced mitochondrial malfunction plays an i mportant role in T-2 toxin e mbryonic toxicity mechanis m.

The stable quality of Chinese herbal medicines is a critical factor for their reliable clinical efficiency. An improved liquid-liquid extraction procedure and a liquid chromatographic method were developed to simultaneously analyze five anthraquinones (aloe-emodin, rhein, emodin, chrysophanol and physcion) in a Chinese traditional hospital preparation, Fuyankang mixture, in order to quantitatively control its quality in a more effective way.

Otorhinolaryngology is a high-risk department of a hospital, where there are many emergency critical diseases, common multiple diseases and major malignant diseases. Therefore, it is easy to cause many medical ethical problems. This paper analyzed the clinical status and characteristics of various otolaryngology diseases systematically, and expounded the related medical ethical issues in the diagnosis and treatment of otorhinolaryngology, including doctor-patient trust, safety and informed consent. Finally, the paper put forward a number of measures to do well the psychological evaluation and nursing care of patients, improve the professional skills of medical and nursing care, formulate the treatment plan of diseases, enhance the supervision and management of the network, and promote the social support of patients. The aim was to alleviate the "doctor-patient conflict" and create a harmonious medical environment.

Objective To understand the needs to reform curriculum for the graduate students in health management, and to provide evidence for the reform of the curriculum system. Methods From Jan-uary 2015 to May from China's colleges and universities carrying out health management professional post-graduate education, graduate students and supervisors from 3 universities were selected, and self-designed questionnaires were used to investigate their views on training objectives, abilities and curriculum settings, as well as the needs and suggestions for curriculum reform. The questionnaire survey data were collected and analyzed by SPSS 17.0. Results 120 questionnaires were issued and 100 were recovered in the study, with a recovery rate of 83.3％. 84.0％ of the graduate students did not manage relevant work experience before entering the school. The graduate students thought that we should focus on the research and teaching ability training related to the management of health services, and then the cultivation of management ability. There were 60 questionnaires for instructors, and 51 were recovered, with a recovery rate of 85.0％. With regard to the demand for ability training , teachers and graduate students tended to agree on the goal and focus of the training. 100.0％instructors believed that learning was an important course, only 11.2％ of the students thought that the course of study was not important, but to the current status of health manage-ment professional postgraduate courses, 79.3％ instructors believed that the current curriculum was reasonable, and only 53.5％of the students thought it reasonable. Conclusion The emphasis should be given to optimizing the course setting, adding practical and innovative courses, and strengthening the training of scientific research, etc., which is the only way to improve the quality of health management postgraduate education and meet the needs of health development.

Objective To identify the predictors of postoperative acute kidney injury in patients undergoing surgery for Stanford type A acute aortic dissection. Methods A total of 220 patients who underwent surgery for type A acute aortic dissection in Qingdao Municipal Hospital from September 2010 to September 2017 were divided into two groups including a group A and a group B based on whether acute kidney injury occurred or not after surgery. There were 40 patients with 29 males and 11 females with the mean age of 54.6±9.2 years in the group A, 180 patients with 133 males and 47 females with the mean age of 48.5±7.9 years in the group B. Univariate and multivariate analyses (logistic regression) were used to identify the predictive risk factors. Results Overall in-hospital mortality was 5.5%. In univariate analysis, there were statistically significant differences with respect to the age, preoperative creatinine, preoperative white blood cell, the European system for cardiac operative risk evaluation (EuroSCORE), total cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) time, deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA) time, arch replacement, red blood cell transfusion intraoperative and in 24 hours postoperatively, postoperative mechanical ventilation time, ICU stay duration, hospital stay duration and in hospital mortality. Multivariate logistic analysis showed that preoperative creatinine, preoperative white blood cell, CPB time, and red blood cell transfusion intraoperative and in 24 hours postoperatively were the independent predictors for postoperative acute kidney injury. Conclusion The incidence of acute kidney injury is high after surgery for acute Stanford type A aortic dissection. It can be predicted based on above factors, for patients with these risk factors, more perioperative care strategies are needed in order to induce the incidence of acute kidney injury.

Objective    To investigate the feasibility and safety of hybrid coronary revascularization (HCR) in patients with multivessel coronary artery disease (MVCAD). Methods    A total of 50 patients with MVCAD who underwent HCR technique in our heart center from May 2016 to April 2019 were included in this study (a HCR group), including 38 patients who underwent two-stage HCR and 12 patients one-stop HCR. There were 39 males and 11 females, with an average age of 62.4 (46-82) years. Another 482 patients who underwent conventional median incision under off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCAB) at the same period were selected as control (an OPCAB group), including 392 males and 90 females, with an average age of 64.2 (48-84) years. The safety and feasibility of HCR were evaluated and compared with conventional OPCAB technique. Results    There was no perioperative death in both groups. Compared with the OPCAB, HCR was associated with shorter operation time, less chest tube drainage, lower requirement of blood transfusion, shorter mechanical ventilation time and shorter postoperative intensive care unit (ICU) stay (P<0.05). There was no statistical difference in the incidence of major adverse cardiac or cerebrovascular events during the follow-up of 6 to 36 months between the two groups. Conclusion    HCR provides favorable short and mid-term outcomes for selected patients with MVCAD compared with conventional OPCAB.