Some Bemorheogical indexes of the middle-aged persom and the ages of "mental work pattem" health state were compared with that of the middle aged persen and the aged in general health in the paper, The authors found the values of the former were higher than that of the latter in varied degrees. Except the both sexes hematocrit and the male's erythrocyte sedimentation rate, the other inedxes of the both groups showed very significant differences. According to the cpidemiological data which showed the incidences of ischemic cardio-cerebrovascular diseases in the mental works were higher than that in the physical labourers, it is suggested that the differences of hemorheological characterislics in the both may be the one of the causes. The authors suggest that it should pay atterntion to health states of the middle aged person and the aged who had elementary normal conclusion in physical examination but they had abnormal high values of one or some hemorheological indexes.

Objective To explore the effect of token on the pain and compliance of wound care of postoperative children with hypospadias, and provide evidence for the pain management and psycho-behavior intervention of children. Methods Selected 80 cases of hypospadias and they were assigned to the experience group and the control group. The control group was guided by conventional nursing intervention method while the experience group was guided by token intervention. Compare the pain score and compliance of two groups. Results The pain score of the experience group were (2.65±1.89), (2.40± 1.73), (2.10±1.43) points, the control group were (4.10±2.52), (3.35±2.09), (2.90±1.75) points. There were significant differences between the two groups (t=2.912, 2.399,- 2.239, all P<0.05). There were significant differences between the two groups for the compliance (χ2=5.415, 7.587, 9.372, all P<0.05). Conclusion Token can relief the pain of wound care of postoperative children with hypospadias, increase the compliance of wound care of the children.

Objective To study the changes of serum creatase and its clinical significance in patients with periodic paralysis.Methods The serum creatine phosphatase (CPK),lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were measured by means of speed rate method in 103 patients of periodic paralysis and 35 healthy persons as the control group. The relationship between increased serum creatase levels and the clinic findings was analyzed.Results Compared with the controls, all kinds of serum creatase levels in the patients elevated in different levels, and the differences were significant (all P

Objective To assess the diagnostic value of glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) ≥6.5％ for diabetes in Chinese adults with oral glucose tolerance test(OGTT) as the reference standard.Methods Major databases were searched to get all diagnostic tests with HbA1c ≥ 6.5％ for diabetes in Chinese adults.QUADAS items were used to evaluate the quality of the eligible studies.Meta-disc software was used to perform comprehensive quantitative assessment for all included studies and summary ROC (SROC) curve were drawn.Results A total of 11 studies were included.The outcomes of the diagnostic value with HbA1c ≥6.5％ were as the following:pooled sensitivity 0.62 (95％ CI:0.60-0.64),pooled specificity 0.96 (95％ CI:0.95-0.96),diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) 40.25 (95％ CI:20.79-77.95) and AUCSROC 0.7702 (sx =0.0636).Conclusions The diagnostic specificity is pretty high for the diagnostic test with HbA1c ≥6.5％,while sensitivity is low.Combination of HbA1c and glucose tests is needed to reduce the missed diagnosis rate.

BACKGROUND: Cognitive impairments are often accompanied in patients with silent cerebral infarction (SCI) and depression, and there is still no reliable objective assessing method for the evaluation.OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to probe into the value of auditory P300 in detecting the cognitive impairment in SCI patients with depression.DESIGN: A golden standard control study.SETTING: Department of Neurology, Xi 'an Central Hospital; Department of Neurology, the Second Hospital of Xi' an Jiao Tong University.PARTICIPANTS: Thirty-eight SCI patients were selected from the Outpatient Department of Neurology, the Second Hospital of Xi' an Jiao Tong University between January 2002 to May 2003, including 10 got dizziness,11 got poor concentration, 8 got headache, 5 got numbness of extremities and 4 got syncope. Among them, 26 were detected by CT and 12 by MRI.The patients'aged 45 to 63 years with mean age of (57.3±5.1) years, including 20 males and 18 females.METHODS: The existence of depressive symptoms was measured with the 17-item Hamilton depression scale (HAMD). In this scale, the total score ranged from 0 to 52, with higher score indicating more severe depressive symptoms, and the patient was considered as having depression if the HAMD score was ≥ 9. HAMD tests were administered by two psychiatrists,who were experienced in psychiatric disorders in stroke and other somatic diseases, and the two psychiatrists had a better coincidence (Kappa=0.86 -0.91). The auditory event related potential was detected with MYTO serial cerebra induced potential meter, while lying in a bed placed in a sound-attenuated room. Auditory stimuli were delivered binaurally through headphones. The subject was required to distinguish between the tones by noting the occurrence of the target and not to respond to the standard. All patients underwent a routine experimental test at first, and then a normal test was performed to obtain a better coincidence. Mini-mental state examination (MMSE) was conducted for the 38 patients by specialized training neurologist to assess the cognitive impairment, in which the total score ranged from 0 to 30, with lower score indicating greater impairment. The criteria of intellectual deterioration was defined on the basis of educational level:MMSE score of 17 for illiterate, 20 for primary school and 24 for middle school and above.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The score of MMSE, latent period of P300 wave and amplitude of P300 wave were mainly observed.RESULTS: All the 38 cases were involved in the final statistical analyhave depressive symptoms (47%, depression group) and 20 had no depresindexes and score of MMSE between the SCI patients with and without depression: As compared with the SCI patients without depression, the P300 latent period was obviously prolonged, the P300 amplitude and MMSE score were markedly decreased in the SCI patients with depression [(383.3±31.1), (347.2±37.3) ms; (5.6±0.7), (9.9±1.6) μV; (15.2±1.1),and P300 indexes: In the SCI patients with depression, the P300 latent period had significant negative correlation with the MMSE score (r=-0.549, P ＜ 0.05), the P300 amplitude had significant positive correlation with the MMSE score (r =0.525, P ＜ 0.05). However, there was no correlation between the latent period and amplitude of P300 and the MMSE score in the SCI patients without depression (r=-0.349 to 0.065, P ＞ 0.05).CONCLUSION: Depression and cognitive impairments may have the same pathophysiological basis in SCI patients. P300 can be used as a referential and objective method to analyze the cognitive function in SCI patients with depression.

Objective To understand the diagnostic value of blink reflex (BR) in central neuropathy by observing the variations of blink reflex in diabetic patients. Methods Electrical pulse was used to stimulate the supraorbital nerve at the supraorbital notch. The responses of bilateral orbicular muscles of the eye were recorded, the variations of the latency and amplitude of R 1 and R 2 recorded on the side of stimulation and of R′ 2 recorded on the contralateral side were measured. Results There was significant prolongation in the latency and lowering of the amplitude of R 1, R 2 and R′ 2 in the diabetic patients compared with the control group. The abnormality rate of BR increased gradually with the prolongation of diabetic duration. Conclusion BR examination might provide an objective index for nervous damage in diabetic patients and it is helpful in early diagnosis of diabetic neuropathy.

OBJECTIVE: To enhance the standardization of prescription administration and to improve the prescription quality. METHODS: The administration method 6? was introduced. The five steps of defining, measuring, analyzing, improving and controlling (DMAIC) in 6? method were implemented step by step to realize the quality control on the prescriptions in outpatient service . RESULTS: The defective rates of prescriptions before and after the introduction of this method were18.75% and 5.78%, respectively(P

Objective To investigate the dynamic expressions of CXCL11 and its role in the pathogenesis of acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP).Methods Forty-eight SD rats were randomly divided into control group and ANP group,with 24 rats in each group.ANP model was induced by retrograde injection of 4％ sodium taurocholate (1 ml/kg body weight) into the biliary and pancreatic duct.The rats were sacrificed at 1,3,6,12 hours.Serum level of amylase was determined,pathological changes in pancreatic tissue were routinely observed and scored.The expression of CXCL11 mRNA and proteon in pancreas was measured by fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemical method.The serum levels of CXCL11 were measured by enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay.Results The serum levels of amylase in ANP rats were significantly higher than those in control group [(6153 ± 355)U/L vs (185 ± 32)U/L at 6 h,P ＜0.05],pathological changes in pancreatre tisues were more significant in ANP rats,and the pathological score was significantly higher than that in control group [(9.00 ± 0.63) vs (0.33 ± 0.12) points at 6 h,P ＜ 0.05] ; the expressions of CXCL11 mRNA and protein in pancreatic tissue were significantly increased than those in control group (3.13 ± 0.43 vs 0.99 ± 0.24,2.76 ± 0.27 vs 0.33 ± 0.12 at 6 h,P ＜ 0.05).The serum level of CXCL11 was significantly higher than that in control group [(112.1 ± 14.2)ng/L vs (56.8 ±4.3) ng/L at 6 h,P ＜0.05)].Conclusions CXCL11 is an early inflammatory mediator in acute pancreatitis,and involved in the pathogenesis of ANP in rats.

Objective We summarized the nursing care experience of spinal muscular atrophy complicated with pneumonia.Methods The measures of nursing care to the 9 children patients were comprised of preventing sputum blockage; preventing suffocating due to milk choking; paying special attention to the time being when the sputum blockage and milk choking occurred; early detection of paralysis of respiratory muscle; and training nursing skills to the families,and so on.Results All 9 children patients were cured and discharged from hospital.Conclusions The measure of targeting nursing intervention to the children with infantile spinal muscular atrophy and pneumonia could improve therapeutic effect and reduce mortality rate.

Objective To evaluate the effectivity and safety of dual antiplatelet therapy with clopidogrel and aspirin in patients with ST-segment elevation acute yocardial infarction(AMI).Methods We searched for randomized controlled trials(RCTs)and quasi-RCTs in the following electronic databases:PubMed,EMBASE,The Cochrane Library(Issue 3,2007),CBM,CNKI,VIP and Wanfang.Quality assessment and data extraction were conducted by two reviewers independently.Disagreement were resolved through discussion.All data were analyzed by using Review Manager 4.2. Results Ten studies involving a total of 52 433 participants met the inclusion criteria.Metaanalysis results showed that:(1)Compared with aspirin alone,the incidence rates of death caused by any reason(RR=0.91,95% CI:0.85～0.97),recurrent myocardial infarction(RR=0.80,95% CI:0.72～0.89),stroke(RR=0.81,95% CI:0.68～0.96),post-infarction angina(RR=0.35,95% CI:0.19～0.66),incoronary thrombus(RR=0.73,95% CI:0.64～0.83)and the combined endpoint events of death,reinfarction or stroke(RR=0.89,95% CI:0.84～0.95)could be reduced by clopidogrel and aspirin.(2)There were no significant differences in ameliorating the cardiac function and increasing TIMI blood flow of infarct-related artery between the two groups RR=0.97,95% CI:0.92～1.03;RR=1.14,95% CI:1.00～1.30;both P＞0.05.(3)There was no significant difference in bleeding between the tWO groups(RR=1.11,95% CI:0.92～1.34). Conclusions Compared with aspirin alone,clopidogrel plus aspirin has good effects on reducing the incidence rates of death caused by any reason,recurrent myocardial infarction,stroke,post-infarction angina,incoronary thrombus and the combined endpoint events of death,reinfarction or stroke in patients with ST-segment elevation AMI,and it has the same efficacy in ameliorating the cardiac function,increasing TIMI blood flow of infarct-related artery and bleeding.