Objective:To explore genes related to costimulatory molecule related to the prognosis of bladder cancer,and to construct and evaluate prognosis model based on costimulatory molecule-based signature(CMS).Methods:Gene expression matrix and clinical information of bladder cancer patients were downloaded from TCGA database and GEO database(GSE31684),and costimulatory molecule-related genes were retrieved from the literature.The univariate and multivariate Cox analysis were used to screened prognostic-related genes and constructed prognostic model.Forecast accuracy of model was verified in TCGA training group,TCGA validation data group and GEO group by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and receiver operating characteristic curve(ROC).Considering risk score and clinical characteristics,we constructed a nomogram and evaluated its performance by consistency analysis and ROC.CIBERSORT algorithm was used to analyze immune cell composition of tumor microenvironment infiltration,and gene set enrichment analysis(GSEA)was performed to explore the potential mechanism.Results:Four prognostic-related CMSs were found:TNFRSF14,CD276,ICOS and TMIGD2,of which three were included in the risk score construction.Multivariate Cox regression results showed that the risk score based on CMS was an independent prognostic factor for bladder cancer patients.Consistency analysis and ROC results showed that the nomogram had ideal prognosis prediction accuracy.Immune infiltration analysis showed that the high risk group was likely to be in immunosuppressive state.GSEA results suggested that genes in high risk group were enriched in extracel-lular matrix(ECM)receptors interaction,cell cycle and other pathways.Conclusion:TNFRSF14,CD276 and ICOS may be potential prognostic biomarkers for bladder cancer patients.CMS-based risk score and nomogram could contribute to early prognosis and choice of personalized treatment.

To evaluate relationship of maternal hepatic vein Doppler flow parameters and cardiac output (CO) with neonatal birth weight in uncomplicated pregnancies (UP) and pregnancies complicated by fetal growth restriction (FGR) .
 Methods: Hepatic vein impedance index (HVI), venous pulse transit time (VPTT), and CO were measured in women with UP at the 14th-37th weeks and complicated by FGR at the 26th-37th weeks who underwent maternal hepatic hemodynamic and echocardiographic examination during the ultrasonography. After delivery, the birth weight and the birth weight percentile of each neonate in this study were recorded. Correlations among HVI, VPTT, and CO were analyzed.
 Results: In the UP group, HVI, VPTT, and CO changed with the increase of gestation. In the FGR group, HVI was higher, VPTT was shorter, CO and neonatal birth weight were obviously lower than those in the UP at the 26th-37th weeks (P<0.05).
 Conclusion: There is a series of adaptive changes in hepatic venous hemodynamics and CO in UP with the increase of gestation to meet the demand of fetal growth, while the maladaptive changes in hepatic venous hemodynamics and CO in pregnant woman may contribute to FGR.
Birth Weight ; Cardiac Output ; Female ; Fetal Development ; physiology ; Fetal Growth Retardation ; physiopathology ; Hemodynamics ; physiology ; Hepatic Veins ; physiopathology ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Pregnancy ; Ultrasonography, Prenatal