Objective To investigate the expression and clinical significance of serum neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) and serum cystain C (CysC) in patients with renal tumor. Methods A total of 120 patients with renal tumor diagnosed in International Hospital of Zhejiang University from January 2016 and March 2016 was selected as the research object, and 60 patient medical volunteers were selected as control. The levels of NGAL and KIM-1 were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA) method, and the levels of serum CysC were determined by electrochemical luminescence method. The levels of NGAL, KIM-1, and CysC were compared, and their relevance was analyzed. Results The levels of NGAL, KIM-1, and CysC in research object were signifi-cantly higher than the control group; the levels of NGAL, KIM-1, and CysC in malignant tumor patients were significantly higher than the benign tumor;the levels of NGAL, KIM-1, and CysC in one level of ser-um tumor were lower than the two levels, three levels, and four levels of tumor patients. With the more Furhman grading, the levels of NGAL, KIM-1, and CysC were higher, the differences were statistically sig-nificant (P<0. 05). The levels of serum NGAL, KIM-1, and CysC were significantly related to renal dam-age degree. The levels of serum NGAL were significantly positively related to KIM-1 and CysC ( r= 0. 812 and 0. 765 ) . The levels of serum KIM-1 expression were significantly positively related to CysC ( r =0. 832) (P<0. 05). Multiple regression analysis showed that the levels of serum NGAL, KIM-1, and CysC were significantly related to patients with renal tumor Furhman classification ( P<0. 05 ) . Conclusions The levels of NGAL, KIM-1 and CysC were significantly increased in patients with renal tumor renal tumor, the higher the clinical stage, the higher expressive level, and were significantly related to renal damage de-gree. NGAL, KIM-1, and CysC can be used as the diagnostic markers of renal tumor.

Objective:To conduct a scoping review of the characteristics, functions, risk of bias and applications of home-based self-management behavior assessment tools for lung transplant patients, so as to provide references for clinical medical staff to conduct further related research.Methods:The relevant literatures were systematically searched in China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Database, VIP, China Biology Medicine disc, PubMed, Web of Science Core Collection, Embase, Cochrane Library and CINAHL databases. The search period was from the establishment of the databases to June 30, 2023. The scoping review method framework was used to screen the literature, extract information and standardize the report.Results:A total of 10 167 Chinese and English literatures were searched, and after deduplication and screening, 23 articles that met the criteria were finally included, involving 13 home-based self-management behavior assessment tools for lung transplant patients, including nine specific tools and four universal tools. There were eight kinds of lung transplantation patients whose reliability and validity were not verified. Of the 13 tools, those with single-dimensional assessments and single measures predominate. The level of home self-management behavior of lung transplant patients was reflected mainly through compliance, and medication management was the most frequently assessed content.Conclusions:At present, the measurement of home-based self-management behavior of lung transplant patients is mainly based on questionnaire surveys, and the evaluation tools are mostly single dimensional. The reliability and validity of most evaluation tools in the population of lung transplant patients are not yet clear, and there is a certain risk of bias. It is recommended that researchers pay attention to the reliability and validity verification report of the evaluation tool in the target population when selecting it, and integrate multiple measurement methods to reduce measurement errors.

Objective To study the feasibility and value of magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to monitor non?arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION). Methods Thirty eight NAION patients (56 eyes) were divided into acute period in 17 eyes, progressive period in 16 eyes and chronic period in 23 eyes at the base of onset time. According to matching principle, 56 eyes in 38 normal controls (NCs) were enrolled. All the patients and NCs underwent MR and DTI scan. The raw data were processed by two experienced radiologists, mean diffusivity (MD), axial diffusivities (λ//), radial diffusivities (λ┴), fractional anisotropy (FA) and Length value were got. The independent sample t test was used for the parameter values between the NAION group and the NCs group. A single factor variance analysis was used to compare the parameters among different stages of NAION group. Results Compared to the NCs group, the values of FA and Length in NAION group were reduced [0.20±0.11 vs 0.31±0.12, (5.85±0.92) vs (65.11± 6.89) mm], and the differences were statistically significant (t=-4.28,-5.25;P<0.05). The values of MD andλ┴were increased [(0.16±0.04)×10-3 vs (0.10±0.04)×10-3 mm2/s, (0.16±0.05)×10-3 vs (0.09±0.03)×10-3 mm2/s] in NAION group and the differences were statistically significant (t=6.83, 7.10;P<0.05). The value of FA and Length in acute period, progressive period and chronic period of the NAION group decreased differently compared to the NCs group. At the same time, the value of MD value and λ┴in the three periods of the NAION group increased compared to the NCs groupand the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The value of FA between the acute period, the progressive period, and the chronic period of NAION group were statistically signficant (F=10.88, P<0.05). However, no significant differences were found in the values of MD, λ┴and Length of the NAION group (F=0.23, 0.64, 0.33, 1.38;P=0.79, 0.54, 0.72, 0.27). Conclusion The parameters of DTI can be used to monitor the damage of optic nerve and development in NAION.

Objective:To explore genes related to costimulatory molecule related to the prognosis of bladder cancer,and to construct and evaluate prognosis model based on costimulatory molecule-based signature(CMS).Methods:Gene expression matrix and clinical information of bladder cancer patients were downloaded from TCGA database and GEO database(GSE31684),and costimulatory molecule-related genes were retrieved from the literature.The univariate and multivariate Cox analysis were used to screened prognostic-related genes and constructed prognostic model.Forecast accuracy of model was verified in TCGA training group,TCGA validation data group and GEO group by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and receiver operating characteristic curve(ROC).Considering risk score and clinical characteristics,we constructed a nomogram and evaluated its performance by consistency analysis and ROC.CIBERSORT algorithm was used to analyze immune cell composition of tumor microenvironment infiltration,and gene set enrichment analysis(GSEA)was performed to explore the potential mechanism.Results:Four prognostic-related CMSs were found:TNFRSF14,CD276,ICOS and TMIGD2,of which three were included in the risk score construction.Multivariate Cox regression results showed that the risk score based on CMS was an independent prognostic factor for bladder cancer patients.Consistency analysis and ROC results showed that the nomogram had ideal prognosis prediction accuracy.Immune infiltration analysis showed that the high risk group was likely to be in immunosuppressive state.GSEA results suggested that genes in high risk group were enriched in extracel-lular matrix(ECM)receptors interaction,cell cycle and other pathways.Conclusion:TNFRSF14,CD276 and ICOS may be potential prognostic biomarkers for bladder cancer patients.CMS-based risk score and nomogram could contribute to early prognosis and choice of personalized treatment.

Objective To develop a symptoms assessment scale for lung transplant recipients in early postoperative period,and assess its reliability and validity so as to provide clinical staff with a tool to evaluate the symptoms in the patients in the early period after lung transplantation.Methods With a symptom experience model,a preliminary item pool was established through literature reviews,semi-structured interviews and expert panel meetings between December 2021 and January 2022.Based on the preliminary item pool,an initial scale was proposed after two rounds of expert consultation between February and March 2022.The initial scale was finalised after all items had revised for language expression based on the results of cognitive interviews conducted in March 2022.Subsequently,the final version of the scale was applied in the survey of 116 recipients of lung transplant in the early postoperative stage at Wuxi People's Hospital between April 2022 and February 2023.The reliability and validity of scale were then further tested.Results A total of 112 patients responded to the questionnaire survey.The developed scale comprised 5 dimensions:psychology-related symptoms,respiratory related symptoms,digestive related symptoms,circulatory related symptoms and other symptoms,with 18 symptom items in total.Content validity indexes of the Item-level content validity index(I-CVI))were 0.833 to 1.000 and the Scale-level content validity index(S-CVI)was at 0.954.Exploratory factor analysis revealed five common factors with a cumulative variance contribution rate of 82.366%.All the factors exhibited positive correlations with the scale,with the correlation coefficient at 0.760 to 0.837(P<0.01).The scale demonstrated a Cronbach α coefficient of 0.943,and the Cronbach α coefficients of the five common factors ranged from 0.869 to 0.941.Additionally,the scale exhibited a split-half reliability of 0.840,and the split-half reliability of the five common factors ranged from 0.830 to 0.937.Conclusions The symptoms assessment scale for lung transplant recipients in early postoperative period developed in this study exhibits good reliability and validity.It is feasible for evaluation of early symptoms in lung transplant recipients.

Objective:To explore the nutritional knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) in patients during the waiting period for lung transplantation, analyze its influencing factors, and provide a reference for individualized nutritional intervention during the perioperative period of lung transplantation.Methods:Totally 240 patients during the waiting period for lung transplantation after lung transplantation evaluation in The Respiratory Center, Wuxi People's Hospital between January and December 2018 were selected using convenient sampling, and investigated with the self-made nutritional KAP questionnaire for patients during the waiting period for lung transplantation. And the influencing factors to their nutritional KAP were analyzed.Results:The nutritional knowledge of patients during the waiting period for lung transplantation was average, with a score of (18.71±4.53) ; the nutritional attitude was good, with a score of (38.00±6.49) ; the nutritional practice was average, with a score of (36.75±4.89) . Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the influencing factors of nutritional knowledge were economic status and whether it was complication with neurological diseases ( P<0.05) ; the influencing factors of nutritional attitude were occupation and serum protein ( P<0.05) ; the influencing factors of nutritional practice were age, educational level and whether it was complicated with urinary system disease ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:The nutritional KAP of patients during the waiting period for lung transplantation is affected by age, economic status, comorbidity, occupation and educational level and serum protein. In the perioperative nutritional management of lung transplantation patients, we should fully consider various factors, provide targeted and precision nutritional interventions, improve the nutritional practice and status of patients by improving their nutritional knowledge and attitude.

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of population-based cohort of patients with the comorbidity of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes in Lingnan area,and to study the related influencing factors in the onset and progression of the disease. Methods A retrospective cohort study was used to collect data from people who underwent physical examination in the Eleventh People's Hospital of Guangzhou from May 2022 to December 2023. Data mainly included questionnaire surveys,physical examinations,and laboratory testing indicators. The 2022 was defined as the baseline to statistically analyze the occurrence and development of the comorbidity of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes in this population,and to analyze the related influencing factors of comorbidity and distribution of traditional Chinese medicine constitution in comorbidity population. Results Finally,a total of 26498 subjects were included,from which there were 359 patients with the comorbidity of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes (comorbidity group),accounting for 1.4％ of the total. Among them,290 were male,accounting for 80.8％,which is much higher than female. The mean age was(61.6±9.5)years old,which was significantly higher than that of the non-comorbidity group. The cases of comorbidity group were mainly concentrated in the age group of 45-75 years old,and no cases were found in people under 35 years old. There were 293 patients with the comorbidity of ischemic cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes,whose proportion (81.6％) is much higher than that of other types. Significant differences between comorbidity group and non-comorbidity group were found in terms of gender,age,age distribution,height,body mass,body mass index (BMI),smoking,alcohol consumption,marital status,exercise,and dampness syndrome (P<0.05). About 1.0％ of population at the baselined converted from non-comorbidities or single disease to comorbidities. The proportion of newly diagnosed patients with the comorbidity of ischemic cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes is the highest,up to 68.9％. BMI overweight or obesity,large waist circumference,smoking,dampness syndrome and exercise were the risk factors affecting the comorbidity of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes. A total of 264 cases of comorbidity group had finished evaluation of traditional Chinese medicine body constitutions. The proportion of balanced constitution was the highest (31.1％),followed by dampness-heat constitution (18.2％),yang-deficiency constitution (13.3％) and phlegm-dampness constitution (11.7％). Conclusion The incidence of the comorbidity of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes is high in Lingnan area,which may be related to dampness constitution,BMI overweight or obesity,large waist circumference,smoking,dampness syndrome and lack of exercise.

Objective To assess the association between early adiposity rebound (AR) and indices of obesity and metabolic risk in 5-year-old children. Methods Based on Ma’anshan Birth Cohort Study (MABC), single live births born in Ma'anshan of Anhui province from October 2013 to April 2015 were followed for up to 5 years consecutively. As of August 2019, 720 children with continuous measurements (≥8 times) and metabolic indicators were obtained. Physical examination and laboratory tests were used to obtain information on the birth status, length/height, weight, waist circumference, body composition and metabolic indicators of children. The 2 test, F test, t-test, non-parametric test, general linear model and logistic regression model were used for statistical analysis. Results 43.5% of the children had AR≤4 years. After controlling for gender, it was found that earlier AR was associated with overweight/obesity (OR=2.71, 95%CI: 1.81~4.05), larger waist circumference (OR=1.88, 95%CI: 1.25~2.82), and body fat percentage ≥90th percentile (OR=2.09, 95%CI: 1.26~3.48). In the earlier AR group, the insulin resistance and metabolic score were higher, but the difference was not statistically significant. At 5 years of age, the prevalence of obesity and overweight was 6.0% and 12.8%, respectively. Children with overweight/obesity, larger waist circumference, higher waist-to-weight ratio and body fat percentage ≥ 90th percentile were associated with higher insulin resistance and metabolic score, and all the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.001). Conclusion Earlier AR increased the risk of overweight/obesity, larger waist circumference, and body fat percentage ≥90th percentile at age of 5 years. Each index of the commonly used measures of childhood obesity was closely related with insulin resistance and metabolic risk factors at 5 years old.