This study was aimed to build metabolic network of hypertension with syndrome of ascendant hyper-activity of liver yang by associating metabolic biomarkers in order to reveal the biological nature of hyperten-sion from the whole view . According to the diagnostic criteria of hypertension with syndrome of ascendant hy-peractivity of liver yang, typical cases were selected and healthy volunteers were enrolled as comparison . Metabolic biomarkers were revealed by metabolomics methods. The metabolic pathways of biomarkers were re-vealed with the KEGG database . The metabolic pathways were connected to establish the metabolic network . Key targets were identified using metabolism node analysis . The results showed that compared with healthy vol-unteers , the metabolic network of hypertension with syndrome of ascendant hyperactivity of liver yang had sig-nificant changes . Norepinephrine , hexanose and arachidonic acid are key network nodes . It was concluded that the metabolic network according to metabolic biomarkers has the advantage in the study on changes of the body under complicated conditions . The study provided a scientific basis for the understanding of biological na-ture of hypertension with syndrome of ascendant hyperactivity of liver yang.

This article applied 1H-NMR-based metabolic technology combined with pattern recognition method to study metabolic changes of brain frontal cortex among spontaneously hypertensive rats ( SHR ) and evaluate Pingan prescription treatment effect . It was aimed to explore the valuable information between hypertension and brain damage in order to provide a scientific basis for the mechanism of Pingan prescription . Rats were ran-domly divided into four groups , which were the normal control group , hypertension model group , captopril group and the Pinggan prescription group . Medications were administered continuously for 14 days . Then , the
frontal lobe tissues of rats in each group were removed . The 1H-NMR based metabolic technology combined with pattern recognition method were used in the detection and analysis of frontal lobe tissues of rats from four group in order to find characteristic metabolites . The results of the principal components analysis ( PCA ) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) showed that captopril group and Pinggan prescription group were significantly different from the hypertension model group . And the classification tendency of rat sam-ples from the Pinggan prescription group and the captopril group were obvious , which suggested that Pinggan prescription can obviously improve the rat's overall metabolism. The four metabolites were identified as glucose, galactose , dopamine and succinic acid . It was concluded that hypertension damaging frontal tissues may mainly express in energy metabolism and nerve damage . And Pinggan prescription can effectively reduce blood pressure and relieve metabolic abnormalities due to disease through the influence on its metabolites .

High performance liquid chromatography-time-off-flight mass spectrometer (HPLC-TOFMS) technology coupled with partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) processed by SIMCA-P software was applied to investigate serum endogenous metabolites alternations of valsartan in spontaneous hypertension rats (SHR). And MetPA platform was used to connect identified potential biomarkers in corresponding metabolic pathways to find possible therapeutic mechanism of valsartan. Valsartan significantly declined the blood pressure of SHRs (P < 0.05) at fourth week. The metabolic profiling significantly changed and four metabolites involved in G protein-coupled pathway were identified. Metabolomics is able to detect holistic and microcosmic alternations in organism, so as to elucidate therapeutic mechanism of drugs.

Aims To analyze the intervention effect of Captopril on serum endogenous metabolites alternations in spontaneous hypertension rats ( SHR) and to investi-gate possible therapeutic mechanism .Methods The rapid resolution liquid chromatography/quadrupole-time of flight tandem mass spectrometry ( RRLC-Q-TOF-MS) and technology coupled with partial least squares discriminant analysis ( PLS-DA ) processed by SIMCA-P software were used to distinguish significantly different variables and identify potential biomarkers . Results Compared to the normal group , metabolic profiling changed significantly in model group and Cap-toril group .Totally 4 metabolins and their metabolic pathways were detected , which were closely related to the endothelial function .Conclusion Metabolomics reveals possible therapeutic mechanism of Captopril for protecting endothelial function from overall metabolism of the body .It also shows unique potential in terms of interpretation of the complex mechanisms of drugs .

Whether there was crossing between Astragalus major split constituents was explored, and the methodology of cross validation for split constituents was studied to determine Astragalus sweet and warm property. The Astragalus was extracted by boiling water or other different solvents, and detected by HPLC-DAD or HPLC-ELSD. Finally, the similarity of each constituent was calculated by fingerprint software. Similarities of flavonoids and saponin constituents were all less than 0.31 and 0.34, respectively, compared to other constituents. The cross situation of nature-taste split components which was extracted by solvents was not serious. This method was proven to be feasible, and provided a theoretical and substantial basis for the Chinese taste pharmacological experiments and would be conductive to determine Astragalus sweet and warm property.

A method of high performance liquid chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry was used to detect the endogenous metabolites changes in plasma of normal rats, rats of dampness stagnancy due to spleen deficiency and Astragalus flavone component intervention rats. Metabolism map of rat plasma was obtained and the mechanism of Astragalus flavonoids on dampness stagnancy due to spleen deficiency was studied. Rat model with dampness stagnancy due to spleen deficiency was established by high fat and low protein diet plus load swimming. Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry was used for the analysis of rat plasma sample, and 0.05％ formic acid water with 0.05％ formic acid acetonitrile as the mobile phase was applied in gradient elution with Halo C18 chromatographic column. In this study, partial least squares discriminant analysis and variance analysis were used to screen the potential biomarkers, it was found that the metabolic profile of the Astragalus flavonoids was different from that of the model group, which was close to that of the normal group. A total of 11 potential biomarkers were identified, including glycerol phospholipids, sphingolipids, amino acids, and so on. The metabolic pathways of biomarkers including three tricarboxylic acid cycle, glycerol phospholipid metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, amino acid metabolism and so on, which mainly related to energy metabolism and fat metabolism in the body. Related indexes of rats with syndrome of spleen deficiency of water and dampness were significantly callback after Astragalus flavone intervention, including macro indicators such as body weight, independent activities and micro indicators such as metabolic markers, blood lipids and others. The result showed that Astragalus flavonoids played the role of strengthening the spleen and draining the water mainly through regulating the energy metabolism, fat metabolism and so on.

Objective: To understand the prevalence and influencing factors of dyslipidemia in the residents aged 40 years and over in the rural areas of Liaoning Province,so as to provide basis for the development of targeted prevention and control measures. Methods: From September 2017 to May 2018,by stratified cluster random sampling method,the residents aged 40 years or above from 19 villages in Liaoning Province were selected. Demographic features,height,weight,blood pressure and lipid level were collected. A logistic regression model was applied to explore the influencing factors for dyslipidemia. Results: A total of 10 926 residents were recruited,with an average age of （59.97±10.08）years. The crude and standardized prevalence rate of dyslipidemia was 30.96% and 29.68%. The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that women（OR=1.323,95%CI：1.189-1.473）,50-69 years old（OR：1.238-1.333,95%CI：1.075-1.523）,a high school education or below（OR：0.585-0.635,95%CI：0.439-0.842）,hypertension（OR=1.398,95%CI：1.273-1.534）,diabetes（OR=2.137,95%CI：1.918-2.381）,overweight or obesity（OR=2.101,95%CI：1.916-2.303）, meat-based meals（OR=1.306,95%CI：1.144-1.492）and vegetables intake less than 5 days a week（OR：1.169-1.387,95%CI：1.004-1.796） were associated with dyslipidemiais. Conclusions The prevalence rate of dyslipidemia was 30.96% in the rural residents aged 40 years and over in Liaoning Province. People who were females,who were 50-69 years old,and who suffered from hypertension,diabetes,overweight or obese,might take their lipid levels into consideration.

Traditional thoracic surgery teaching has many problems, such as limited classroom teaching time allocation, many diseases and difficult to fully cover classroom teaching, uneven practical teaching level, and difficulty in updating "big textbooks". The Department of Thoracic Surgery of The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University has gradually applied microlecture to all levels of thoracic surgery teaching, such as undergraduate auxiliary classroom teaching and clinical skills training, grassroots and refresher doctor training, postgraduate education, etc., and has achieved good results of teaching effect.

OBJECTIVE To conduct the pharmacoeconomic evaluation of empagliflozin in the treatment of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction （HFrEF），and to provide evidence-based reference for rational drug use and medical and healthy decision-making. METHODS A Markov model was used to perform a cost-effectiveness analysis of the regimen of empagliflozin in the treatment of HFrEF ，and to evaluate the cost and effectiveness of standard treatment plan plus empagliflozin （empagliflozin group）vs. standard treatment plan （standard treatment group ）. Clinical parameters were obtained from the EMPEROR-Reduced study；cost and utility data came from the published literatures. The cycle of the model was 1 month and the simulation time was 20 years. Single-factor sensitivity analysis and probability sensitivity analysis were performed to validate the results of cost-effectiveness analysis. RESULTS Compared with the standard treatment group ，each additional quality-adjusted life year in the empagliflozin group cost 37 995.94 yuan more ，which was less than China ’s 1 time GDP per capita in 2020（72 447 yuan）. The results of single factor sensitivity analysis showed that steady-state hospitalization rate of 2 groups was the most important factor affecting the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio . The results of probability sensitivity analysis showed that when the willingness-to-pay threshold （WTP）was 1 time GDP per capita in 2020（72 447 yuan），the probability of empagliflozin group with cost-effectiveness advantage was 58.8％；when the WTP was 3 times GDP per capita in 2020（217 341 yuan），the probability of empagliflozin group with cost-effectiveness advantage was 63.8％. CONCLUSIONS Compared with standard treatment plan alone，standard treatment plan plus empagliflozin is more cost-effective in the treatment of HFrEF. However ，the economic probability is not high.

OBJECTIVE：To establish a method for online detection of antioxidant active components in Glycyrrhiza uroalensis decoction pieces ，and to identify it. METHODS ：The free radical scavenging rate of 1，1-diphenyl-2-trinitrobenzene hydrazine （DPPH）was determined to evaluate the antioxidant activity of G. uralensis decoction pieces. HPLC-UV-DPPH method was used to screen the anti oxidant active components of G. uralensis decoction pieces. HPLC-TOF/MS was used to obtain mass spectrum data and Qualitive Analyst B 06.00 Build 6.0.633.0 software was used to analyze data. Through contrast analysis of UV absorption spectrum，online chromatogram ，mass spectrum information of G. uralensis and the retention time of each compound ，accurate molecular weight ，antioxidant active components were identified by referring to relevant literature. Validation test was also conducted. RESULTS ：DPPH free radical scavenging rate in 8 batches of G. uralensis decoction pieces ranged 55.71％-60.17％. Seven antioxidative active compounds ，including avolomotor ，8-isopentenyl naringin ，yellow lupulin weitone ，isoflavone B ，3′， 4′-dimethoxy3-hydroxy-6-methyl flavone ，glycyrrhizin E and glycyrrhizin H ，could be screened from G. uralensis decoction pieces. After validation ，the peak area of inverted peak generated by online reaction was positively correlated with DPPH free radical scavenging rate. CONCLUSIONS ：Established method is simple and accurate ，and can be used to quickly screen and identify the main antioxidant components of G. uralensis decoction pieces ；the peak area of inverted peak can be used to evaluate the antioxidant active components of G. uralensis decoction pieces.