BACKGROUND: Being a kind of anti-oxidizing agent, vitamin E has the function of eliminating free radical and reducing the free radical injury of antioxidant enzyme in sports, which can alleviate appearance of fatigue and improve sports ability. OBJECTIVE: Though the intervention of vitamin E upon exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD), the study was designed to investigate the effect of vitamin E on the morphology of EIMD and to provide the experimental basis of research on morphology and mechanism of EIMD. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: A randomized block animal experiment was performed in the Key Laboratory of General Administration of Sport of China in Shenyang Sport University and the Microelectronic Laboratory of Chinese Medical University from May to October 2007. MATERIALS: A total of sixteen male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: control, exercise, normal saline, and vitamin E groups. METHODS: The rats in the vitamin E group was administered (i.p.) 1-1.2 mg/kg vitamin E capsules once every eight hours four times one day before experiment, and the amount of injecting volume was 4 mL/kg. The rats in the normal saline group were administered (i.p.) normal saline with same volume and time. The rats in the exercise group only took some exercises without administering vitamin E or normal saline. The rats in the control group received not any intervention and treatment. The injury model was established by taking a bout of exhaustive downhill running. The triceps brachii muscles extracted from the right side of rats after exercise were prepared for electron microscope specimens. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The arrangement of myofibrils and sarcomeres, the changes of Z-line, and the morphology changes of cell membranes, nucleus, mitochondria, sarcoplasmic reticulum, transverse tubule, and satellite cells were observed. RESULTS: In the vitamin E group, the muscular ultrastructures of EIMD were improved obviously. Though the sarcoplasmic reticulum showed edema, the regular arrangement of myofibrils was observed. The light and dark zone of Z-line and nucleus appeared clearly. CONCLUSION: Supplement of vitamin E could decrease the muscular morphological changes of EIMD after eccentric exercise. The arrangement of myofibrils was more regular and sarcomeres appeared more clearly. The function might relate to the antioxidation and promoting synthesis of proteins of vitamin E.

Objective　To assess the efficacy of sandostatin in preventing postoperative adhesions in rats. Methods　Fifty SD rats were randomly divided into five groups: Group 1, Control group; group 2, sandostatin 20μg/kg intraperitoneal injection (IP); group 3, sandostastin 40μg/kg IP; group 4, sandostatin 60μg/kg IP; group 5, hyaluronate sodium(HA) IP. All animal were killed on the 14th postoperative day. After adhesions were graded according to their severity, adhesive ileal segments were resected for hydroxyproline(OHP) determination. Results　The severity of adhesions in group 2.3.4 and 5 were significantly milder than that in group 1.(P<0.05). The OHP levels of adhensive intestine in group 2.3 and 4 were significantly lower than that in group 1 and 5 (P<0.05).The severity of adhesions and OHP levels in group 2.3 and 4 had no significant difference (P>0.05). Conclusions　Intraperitoneal administration of sandostatin intraoperatively might have some efficacy in preventing adhensions of intestine.

BACKGROUND:Traditional Chinese medicine shares wide application in clinical treatment because of its high security. At present, a lot of studies have been reported, in which, traditional Chinese medicine or monomers are used for in vitro differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into cardiomyocyte-like cells.
OBJECTIVE:To summarize and analyze the research progress of Chinese medicine to induce the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into cardiomyocyte-like cells and to looking prospect for its application.
METHODS:CNKI database was searched for the articles about Chinese medicine-induced differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into cardiomyocytes, published from January 2001 to January 2013. The key words were“Chinese medicine, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, cardiomyocyte”in Chinese and“bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, myocardial cells”in English. Obsolete or repetitive articles were excluded. Final y, 36 articles were included in result analysis.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Different Chinese medicine formulations were used as inducers to induce differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into cardiomyocytes, including Panax notoginseng saponins, salvianolic acid B, Jiawei Danshen Yin, icari n, astragaloside. Then, the induced cells were examined by immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription-PCR. The results showed that the induced cells were positive for Desmin, cardiac troponin I and major histocompatibility complex. Positive cells were fusiform and fibroblast-like morphology, which indicates a role in promoting proliferation and differentiation. These findings show that Chinese medicine-induced differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into cardiomyocytes has become a worldwide research hotspot, providing a theoretical basis for clinical treatment of ischemic heart diseases.

Objective: To investigate alveolar bone remodeling on both labial and lingual aspects of lower anterior teeth during treatment and retention stage. Methods: Forty-three cases with lower first premolars extracted (34 girls and 9 boys) and full records at three time points (pretreatment, posttreatment, follow-up) were collected as study sample. Displacement of lower incisor and bone thickness around its labial and lingual aspect were measured. Results:For the level of center of resistance(LC), there was statistically significant decrease of alveolar bone on lingual aspect (0.78?0.77) mm and no change on labial aspect, as the center of resistance(CR) was retracted lingually by (-3.02?1.13) mm during treatment. Analogous changes were found at the level of 3 mm apical to the center of resistance (L3C). In retention stage, with stable positioned lower incisor, no statistically significant change of alveolar bone was found on labial aspect at LC while a little amount of decrease of labial bone (0.20?0.58) mm was found at L3C. On the contrary, subsequential bone apposition could be detected with increase of lingual bone at both levels by (0.31?0.76) mm and (0.38?0.94)mm respectively. Conclusion:Speed of labial bone resorption is faster than that of lingual bone apposition during orthodontic treatment. In retention stage, sequential bone apposition on lingual aspect is presented with lower incisor in stable position.

Objective Toestablishthe concept and structure elements of the nurse humanistic practiceability. Methods Using documentandtheoretical analysis to definethe concept of the nurse humanistic practiceability. And usestructuralanalysis to explain the structural elementsto formDelphiexpert consultationquestionnaire, which was investigated for 18 experts in 5provinces includingnursing education, nursing management, nursing clinicalcare,medical humanitiesandhumanistic medicine,and eventually established thetheory and structure model of the nurse humanistic practiceability. Results The effective recovery rates of the questionnaire were 81.8%(18/22)and 100%(18/18). The authority coefficients were 0.924, and the total consistency coefficients were 0.307 and 0.367 with statistical significance. TheDelphi expert consultation has established the concept, six-level structural elementsand15sub-elements. And for the first-class,the average value was 3.94-5.00,the coefficients variation of was 0.00-0.20;for the secondclass,the average value was 3.89-5.00,the coefficient variation were 0.00-0.19. Conclusions The study onconceptand structure elements of nurse humanistic practice ability has completed, which provide theoretical basis for improvement of nurse humanistic practice ability.

Objective To evaluate medical students′ achievements of studying through the practical base website for humanistic quality education. Methods Totally 61 students from school of nursing and 135 students from the first clinical medical college of Southern Medical University in Guangzhou were organized as volunteers. They were divided into the intervention group and the control group (98 people per group) in completely random method by the Random Number Generators of SPSS 20.0. With a two-month experiment, the humanistic knowledge scores and humanistic caring ability scores of these two groups were investigated by the Humanistic Knowledge Test Paper and the Caring Ability Inventory. And the learning effects of the website by the intervention group was evaluated with the self-designed questionnaire. Results There was no significant difference (P>0.05) between students in the intervention group and the control group when it came to general information. Before the experiment, the score of humanistic knowledge test paper, the total score of caring ability inventory, the score in the dimension of cognition, patience, and courage of the intervention group were 6.29 ± 0.58, 172.40 ± 10.00, 58.98 ± 4.22, 51.56 ± 5.22, 61.86 ± 6.40, the scores of the control group were 6.36 ± 0.63, 172.65 ± 13.49, 59.31 ± 4.05, 50.83 ± 6.56, 62.52 ± 7.28, there were no significant differences between the two groups (all P>0.05). After the experiment, the score of humanistic knowledge test paper, the total score of caring ability inventory, the score in the dimension of cognition and courage of the intervention group were 7.82± 0.62, 182.34 ± 12.78, 65.04 ± 9.12, 65.17 ± 6.58, the scores of the control group were 6.37 ± 0.60, 170.73 ± 8.92, 58.29±5.61, 62.36±6.90, there were significant differences between the two groups (t=2.92-16.67, all P<0.01). The scores in the dimension of patience of the intervention group and the control group were 52.12±3.60 and 51.02±4.34, and there was no significant difference (t=1.94,P>0.05). As shown by the evaluation made by students in the intervention group about the learning effect of the website, the average score was the highest in the field of skills (3.95 ± 0.58), followed by the cognitive field (3.92 ± 0.46) and emotional field (3.75 ± 0.66). Most of the respondents believed that web-based learning could deepen students′ understanding of humanistic quality education (4.13 ± 0.57), independent web-based learning could strengthen the application of online resources (4.06±0.59) and students could master communicative skills required in different situations through web-based learning (4.05 ± 0.58). Conclusions Students are satisfied with the practical base website for humanistic quality education, the website has rich learning contents and can improve students′ interests and motivation. Through web-based learning, humanistic knowledge and humanistic caring ability of students can be improved to some extent. But the website is still in development, it needs an evaluation indicators system in order to do further research for all application effects of the website.

Objective To investigate the rate and the time of generalization from childhood ocular myasthenia gravis (OMG),and the preventive effect of prednisone on the progression of OMG to generalized myasthenia of gravis (GMG).Methods Retrospective study of medical data from 978 childhood patients with OMG and 1359 adult patients with OMG during a follow-up period of 1--28 years (mean 7.5 years) who were diagnosed and treated in Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao Medical College from 1977 to 2005.Results The generalized rate of childhood OMG and adult OMG was 13.0% (127/978) and 67.2% (913/1359) respectively (χ2=674.17,P < 0.01).Of 127 childhood OMG patients who had become generalized form,74 patients (58.3%) developed generalized form in the first 2 years from the onset; Of 913 adult OMG patients who had become generalized form,763 patients (83.6%) did (χ2=45.39,P < 0.01) .Of 456 childhood OMG patients treated with prednisone,only 5 patients (1.1%) became generalized form; 0f522 childhood OMG patients never treated with prednisone,122 patients (23.4%) developed the generalized form (χ2=104.9,P < 0.01).Conclusions The rate of generalization of childhood OMG is significantly decreased than that of adult OMG.The frequency of generalization of childhood OMG in the first 2 years from the onset is significantly lowered than adult OMG.Prednisone does reduce the chance of generalization from childhood OMG.

Objective To analyze the policy support of rural doctors for the essential medicine system,and explore the main influence factors and mechanism affecting the support degree.Methods 621 rural doctors from five cities in Shandong province were subject to a stratified random sampling for a quantitative questionnaire,to build a hypothesis model of policy support of rural doctors,which is verified using factor analysis and path analysis.Results 59.1% of rural doctors support the essential drugs policy.It was found that the essential medicine factor,the factor to influence the practitioner,and the supporting policy factor had a direct impact on policy support of rural doctors,with the effect of 0.305, 0.1 59 and 0.135 respectively;Essential medicine factor and the supporting policy factor indirectly influence the policy support of rural doctors through the factor to influence practitioners,with the effect of 0.065 and 0.032 respectively.Conclusion The essential medicine system needs to emphasize such rationality as the quality,list and pricing of essential medicines;it is imperative for the government to better oversee the purchase and supply of essential drugs,to cater to the interests of rural doctors,to encourage the enforcement of the system,and promote the development of village clinics.

Objective To investigate the current status and the related influencing factors of humanistic care quality of nurses in department of aged homes in Guangzhou,for the future to carry out humanistic care education,and provide a reference for improving humanistic care quality of nurses.Methods 270 nurses from 8 department of aged homes in Guangzhou were investigated by convenience sampling and evaluation table on humanistic care quality of nurses.The affected factors were analyzed by multiple stepwise regression.Results The aggregate score of humanistic care quality of nurses in this study was (113.59±9.78),which was lower than the reference score (118.36±16.75) of humanistic care quality of nurses of some general hospitals in Shanghai in 2010,offered by Liu Yuxiao,the designer of the evaluation table.The scores were correlated with 4 impact factors including home,politics status,care index of colleagues,whether to accept the education and training of humanistic care;multiple stepwise regression analysis indicated that care index of colleagues and whether to accept the education and training of humanistic care were the main factors.Conclusions Humanistic care quality of nurses in department of aged homes in Guangzhou was in lower level,and especially caring ability and the attitude towards caring.Department of aged homes should cooperate with universities,to establish a set of training courses on humanistic care quality of nurses in department of aged homes.Through the systematic,standardized training,to improve humanistic care quality of nurses and the quality of nursing service.

Objective From the angle of skeletal muscle ultrastructure and free radical metabolism,the paper explored the effect of vitamin E on skeletal muscle's damage after eccentric exercise.Methods 48 male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into the control group,the sport group,the physiological saline group,and the vitamin E group.The model of animals was made by a bout of eccentric exercise on a treadmill.After the training,triceps brachiies were extracted from the right side of rats.Parts of triceps brachiies were made for microelectric slices,the others for the extracting of SR by the method of centrifugation at different speeds and for measuring the content of MDA and activity of SOD.Results In the vitamin E group,the muscular ultrastructures damage were improved obviously compared with that of the physiological saline group.Meanwhile,the value of MDA in the vitamin E group was greatly decreased and activity of SOD was notably increased compared with the sport group and the physiological saline group,but still worse than those of the control group.Conclusions Supplying of vitamin E could decrease the content of MDA in SR of skeletal muscle,increase the activity of SOD,then further relieve the effect of free radical on athletic injury.