BACKGROUND: Being a kind of anti-oxidizing agent, vitamin E has the function of eliminating free radical and reducing the free radical injury of antioxidant enzyme in sports, which can alleviate appearance of fatigue and improve sports ability. OBJECTIVE: Though the intervention of vitamin E upon exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD), the study was designed to investigate the effect of vitamin E on the morphology of EIMD and to provide the experimental basis of research on morphology and mechanism of EIMD. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: A randomized block animal experiment was performed in the Key Laboratory of General Administration of Sport of China in Shenyang Sport University and the Microelectronic Laboratory of Chinese Medical University from May to October 2007. MATERIALS: A total of sixteen male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: control, exercise, normal saline, and vitamin E groups. METHODS: The rats in the vitamin E group was administered (i.p.) 1-1.2 mg/kg vitamin E capsules once every eight hours four times one day before experiment, and the amount of injecting volume was 4 mL/kg. The rats in the normal saline group were administered (i.p.) normal saline with same volume and time. The rats in the exercise group only took some exercises without administering vitamin E or normal saline. The rats in the control group received not any intervention and treatment. The injury model was established by taking a bout of exhaustive downhill running. The triceps brachii muscles extracted from the right side of rats after exercise were prepared for electron microscope specimens. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The arrangement of myofibrils and sarcomeres, the changes of Z-line, and the morphology changes of cell membranes, nucleus, mitochondria, sarcoplasmic reticulum, transverse tubule, and satellite cells were observed. RESULTS: In the vitamin E group, the muscular ultrastructures of EIMD were improved obviously. Though the sarcoplasmic reticulum showed edema, the regular arrangement of myofibrils was observed. The light and dark zone of Z-line and nucleus appeared clearly. CONCLUSION: Supplement of vitamin E could decrease the muscular morphological changes of EIMD after eccentric exercise. The arrangement of myofibrils was more regular and sarcomeres appeared more clearly. The function might relate to the antioxidation and promoting synthesis of proteins of vitamin E.

Objective From the angle of skeletal muscle ultrastructure and free radical metabolism,the paper explored the effect of vitamin E on skeletal muscle's damage after eccentric exercise.Methods 48 male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into the control group,the sport group,the physiological saline group,and the vitamin E group.The model of animals was made by a bout of eccentric exercise on a treadmill.After the training,triceps brachiies were extracted from the right side of rats.Parts of triceps brachiies were made for microelectric slices,the others for the extracting of SR by the method of centrifugation at different speeds and for measuring the content of MDA and activity of SOD.Results In the vitamin E group,the muscular ultrastructures damage were improved obviously compared with that of the physiological saline group.Meanwhile,the value of MDA in the vitamin E group was greatly decreased and activity of SOD was notably increased compared with the sport group and the physiological saline group,but still worse than those of the control group.Conclusions Supplying of vitamin E could decrease the content of MDA in SR of skeletal muscle,increase the activity of SOD,then further relieve the effect of free radical on athletic injury.

Objective To evaluate the clinical significance of plasma ionized calcium (ICa) and total calcium (TCa) measurement in diagnosis of tumor-associated hypercalcemia. Methods The heparin lithium anticoagulated plasma were collected and measured with ion selective electrode (ISE) and orthocresolphthalein complexone (OCPC) method for ICa and TCa in 77 patients with malignant tumor (tumor group) and 44 healthy controls (control group). Meanwhile,plasma albumin and pH value were measured to correct TCa (cTCa) and ICa(nICa). The results were analyzed. Results The levels of cTCa,ICa and nICa in tumor group were significantly higher than those in control group(P＜ 0.01 ) ,but there was no significant difference of TCa between two groups (P ＞ 0.05 ). cTCa ＞ 2.70 mmol/L, nICa ＞ 1.35 mmol/L as the hypercalcemia eritical value, the positive rate of nICa and cTCa were 18.18% (14/77) and 6.49% (5/77)respectively,the difference was significant (P = 0.023). Conclusion Determination of ICa may be more clinical meaningful than TCa for tumor-associated hypercalcemia.

In order to understand the cost of cancer in rural area, to evaluate the cost burden, the project content and treatment status. Typical sampling and random sampling survey are combined to investigate and account major expenditure and economic loss of cancer treatment and related items, analyzes its rationality and scientific, provide references for improving the level of cancer prevention and treatment.

In order to reduce heavy burden of cancer on patients, families and social, it needs to raise special funds, apply regular screening for 45~65 years old group, achieve early detection and treatment of cancer, reduce medical expenses and economic loss of cancer greatly, reduce mental burden, establish the cancer prevention input-output model, calculates the economic benefits up to 1:9.89. It is proposed to establish the organization, improve the mechanism, expand the overall costs, secure the screening and popularize early detection and treatment.

Objective:To construct pIRES-I-Ad?? bicistronic eukaryotic expression vector. Methods: Total RNA was acquired by TRIZOL method, the genes of I-Ad ?? chains were amplified through RT-PCR, respectively. The target genes were connected to pGEM-T vector and sequenced. Then the target genes were subcloned into pIRES bicistronic eukaiyotic expression vector and NIH3T3 cell line was transfected. Transfectant was screened by G418 antibiotics. Total RNA of transfectant was obtained by TRIZOL method, mRNA of foreign gene was examined by RT-PCR. Flow cytometry( FCM) was used to detennine foreign gene expression in protein level and surface expression in NIH3T3 cell line. Results: Bicistronic eukaryotic expression vector pIRES-I-AdaB was established. Foreign gene in mRNA level in transfectants was examined. Verified Ⅰ-Ad ?? chain wa3 expressed in high level expressed on transfected NIH3T3 cell line surface by FCM. Conclusion:Bicistronic eukaryotic expression vector pIRES-I-Ad ?? was constructed successfully. It is useful for studying antigen presentation and interaction between epitopes and MHC- Ⅱ molecule of BALB/c mouse.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the advantage of Gukangling Decoction (GKLD), a compound traditional Chinese herbal medicine, combined with technetium [(99)Tc] methylene diphosphonate injection ((99)Tc-MDP) in treating osteoporosis in rabbits. METHODS: A rabbit model of osteoporosis was established by intramuscular injection of dexamethasone (DX). Fifty-six rabbits were divided into 8 groups: Group A, B, C, D, E, F, G and H. Rabbits in groups A and B were intramuscularly injected normal saline as normal control, groups C and D were untreated groups, rabbits in group E were treated by (99)-MDP, rabbits in group F were treated by aminodiphosphate, rabbits in group G were treated by GKLD, and rabbits in group H were treated by (99)-MDP and GKLD. Rabbits in groups A and C were executed to demonstrate the establishment of the rabbit model of osteoporosis at the 8th week of experiment. Rabbits in the other six groups were executed after 16-week experiment (8-week treatment), and then bone structure and cell shape were observed by electron microscope, X-ray, CT and emission computed tomography (ECT). Bone density, biomechanical parameters, the levels of bone specific alkaline phosphatase (BALP) and bone Gla protein (BGP) were measured too. RESULTS: After 8-week of intramuscular injection of DX, the bone trabecula in group A were regular and showed normal configuration, while the bone trabecula in group C were sparse, ruptured and showed damaged form. The bone density and biomechanical parameters in group A were higher than those in group C, indicating that the rabbit model of osteoporosis was established successfully. At the 9th week of experiment, the results of cell pathology in group D showed that the bone trabeculas were sparse, ruptured, defected or had hollow section, but the bone trabeculas in group B were regular and dense. The bone trabeculas in groups H and E were restored, and were thicker than those in group D. The bone quality in groups H and E was better than group D significantly, the bone quality in group F was better than group G, and the bone quality in group G was better than group D slightly. CONCLUSION: GKLD combined with (99)-MDP had superiority in treating osteoporosis of rabbits as compared with the respective single therapy.

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of infrared laser stimulation on Neiguan (PC 6) for bradycardia of rabbits induced by injection of pituitrin. METHODS: 10.6 microm CO(2) infrared laser, 650 nm semiconductor red laser and the compound laser of their aggregation were sent out by a compound laser sanatory instrument to stimulate Neiguan (PC 6) respectively for the purpose of analyzing the differences of the effects exerted by infrared laser and red laser as well as the changes of the effects after their aggregation. RESULTS: After 30 min and 40 min of the injection of pituitrin, the heart rate showed no significant difference between 10.6 microm CO(2) infrared laser group and the normal control group (P>0.05). However, the heart rate showed significant difference between the 650 nm semiconductor red laser group and the normal control group (P<0.05). After 30 min of the injection of pituitrin, the heart rate of the compound laser group were significantly different to that of the untreated group (P<0.05), and it was not significantly different to that of the normal control group (P>0.05). However, the heart rate of non-acupoint stimulated by the compound laser group showed no significant difference to that of the untreated group (P>0.05), and it was significantly different to that of the normal control group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Stimulation on Neiguan with 10.6 microm CO(2) infrared laser can evidently improve the bradycardia induced by injection of pituitrin, while the 650 nm semiconductor red laser has no such function, but they have coordinating effect. The thermal effect produced by CO(2) infrared laser stimulating acupoint is probably beneficial for semiconductor laser penetrating skin as well as the biochemical reactions it carries. The improvement of heart rate produced by the laser stimulation on Neiguan (PC 6) has relative specificity.

Objective To discuss the X-ray characteristics of triple negative breast cancer(TNBC)for improving the diagnostic level.Methods 105 cases of TNBC which confirmed by pathology and immunohistochemistry were analyzed their X-ray performance and clinical pathology.Results (1)The main pathologic types of TNBC was infiltrating ductal carcinoma(64 cases,61.0%),secondly was medullary carcinoma(24 cases,22.9%).(2)The X-ray manifestations of this group were mainly the mass shape(78.1 %).Nearly half of them had clear edge(46.3%).And 24.4% were tumor with calcification.(3)The calcification in TNBC was rare and the distribu-tion mainly for regional or cluster,while the morphology was mainly for malignant and suspicious for malignancy.(4)The X-ray per-formance characteristics of infiltrating ductal carcinoma and medullary carcinoma in TNBC had differences in tumor morphology and edge(P <0.05).Conclusion (1)The X-ray manifestations were always the circular similarity of tumor with clear edge in TNBC.(2) The proportion of medullary carcinoma is larger in TNBC,and the X-ray manifestations is more likely show as benign lesions.(3) The calcification probability is lower in TNBC,and the calcification form is mainly as suspicious for malignancy and malignant.

Objective To compare the effect of heparin protamine double titration with traditional meth-ods on postoperative bleeding in patients underwent cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB). Methods Ninety adult patients scheduled to elective CPB by open heart surgery were randomly divided into three groups. In the Conven-tional Group(group A,n=30),375 U/kg heparin was administered.The amount of protamine was in proportion to 125 U:1.2 mg base on the initial heparin dose.In the Heparin Titration Group(group B,n=30),heparin was given according to the effect of heparin titration. In the Heparin and Protamine Double Titration Group(group C, n = 30),heparin titration combined with protamine titration were administered. The general data of the patients were recorded. The blood transfusion volume during and after operation,volume of thoracic drainage within 24 hours after operation,operative complications were compared among the 3 groups. Results Group B and group C heparin dosage were less than the group A(P<0.05).The protamine dosage in group C was less than that in group A and group B(P < 0.05). The thoracic drainage volume within 24 hours after operation was higher in the group A than group B and group C(P < 0.05). Conclusion Compared the traditional anticoagulation with heparin and protamine double titration,the latter individualized anticoagulation can reduce the amount of bleeding after CPB.