Objective To investigate the sensitivity and specificity of different methods for the detection of mycoplasma pneu‐moniae .Methods The serum and throat swab specimens were collected from 199 pneumonia patients .ELISA and real‐time fluores‐cence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (FQ‐PCR) assays were used to detect the serum mycoplasma pneumoniae IgM antibod‐y and DNA .Results Among 199 pneumonia patients ,61 cases were diagnosed as mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia according to the diagnosis standard .The sensitivity and specificity of ELISA and FQ‐PCR for detecting mycoplasma pneumoniae were 86 .9%and 96 .7% ,and 78 .3% and 97 .1% ,respectively .Conclusion The sensitivity and specificity of FQ‐PCR for detecting mycoplasma pneumoniae are higher than those of ELISA .

Objective To investigate the change of adhesive properties of polymorphonuclear neutrophils(PMN) and endothelial cells (EC) in patients with cerebral infarction (CI), and define the effects of antibodies to intercellular adhesion molecular 1 (ICAM 1, anti CD54 antibodies) upon the adhesion.Methods We detected the adhesive rate between human umbilical vein endothelial cells (ECV 304) and PMN of patients with CI within 1 week and at 21 days.Results (1) The adhesive rate of ECV 304 to PMN of 30 patients with CI within 1 week increased significantly ( P

Objective To evaluate different tigecycline susceptibility testing methods for A.baumannii.Methods Thirty carbapenem resistant A.baumannii (CRAB) and 30 carbapenem sensitive A.baumannii (CSAB) isolates were randomly collected from 30 hospitals during January to December in 2010 in China retrospectively.MIC and inhibitory zone diameters for tigecyclinc were determined by the susceptibility testing methods such as broth microdilution (BMD),agar dilution,E test,MIC Test Strip (MTS),Vitek2.Data were analyzed by comparing the results from each method to those produced by the reference BMD method.The effects of two different susceptibility test media (M-H and ISO-Sensitest Agar) on the MIC of tigecycline were also analyzed.Results For CSAB isolates,the MIC50/MIC90 of BMD,agar dilution,E test,MTS and Vitek2 were as follows:0.125/0.25 mg/L,0.125/0.25 mg/L,0.5/1 mg/L,0.125/0.25 mg/L and 0.5/0.5 mg/L.Compared with BMD method,the categorical agreement rates (CA) of each method were ≥90％,and produced no very major errors (VME) by Food and Drug Administration (FDA)/ European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) breakpoints.For CRAB isolates,the MIC50/MIC90 of BMD,agar dilution,E test,MTS and Vitek2 were as follows:2/4 mg/L,4/4 mg/L,4/4 mg/L,1/2 mg/L and 2/4 mg/L.Compared with BMD method,MTS produced 3.3％ (1/30)/6.7％ (2/30) VME(FDA/EUCAST breakpoints),and no method CA was ≥90％.The CA between disk diffusion and BMD results were higher by using the criteria of Jones than FDA breakpoints,but only 66.7％ (20/30) were observed in CRAB isolates,and produced no VME.The MIC of tigecycline determined using M-H agar were usually higher than those using ISO-sensitest Agar.Conclusions Agar dilution,E test,Vitek 2 and disk diffusion appear not to be a suitable method for routine susceptibility testing of tigecycline for CRAB strains.Tigecycline intermediate or resistant results determined by these methods require confirmation by BMD,and MTS results also need to be interpreted with caution.

The objectives of this study are as follows:1) to explore the expression level of alpha hydroxybutyric acid dehydrogenase (α-HBDH) in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) and its prognostic significance;and 2) to analyze the relationship amongα-HBDH, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and beta 2-microglobulin (β2-MG), so as to evaluate their diagnostic and prognostic sig-nificance. Methods:The expression levels of serumα-HBDH, LDH, andβ2-MG were examined in 104 patients with NHL before and after treatment. The relations among the levels of serum LDH,α-HBDH, andβ2-MG, as well as their connection with the patients' age, gender, disease stage, and pathological type, were explored. Results:Serumα-HBDH level increased in 35%of the patients and showed a significant correlation with LDH andβ2-MG. Significant differences were observed forα-HBDH andβ2-MG at different stages but not for LDH. Significant differences were observed betweenα-HBDH and LDH for different pathological types, but none was found inβ2-MG. The three serum enzymes did not exhibit any significant difference for different ages and genders. Levels of serum LDH andα-HBDH showed considerable difference between pre-treatment and post-treatment of patients. Serumβ2-MG level did not show any significant change after two or three cycles of chemotherapy. Conclusion:The expression level of serumα-HBDH increases in patients with NHL, is positively correlated with the levels of LDH andβ2-MG, and is highly relevant to disease stage and pathological type, regardless of the patients' age and gender. Serumα-HBDH is expected to be a new NHL indicator for tumor load, disease severity, and prognosis.

Objective: To investigate the possible mechanisms in acupuncture analgesia by interaction of &opioid receptor with neurotransmitter transport proteins or the Na+-K+pump. Methods: Microinjection of respective heterologous cRNA into the Xenopus oocytes as a model system, and measurement of steady-state currents under two-electrode voltage clamp. Results: The co-expression of the δ-opioid receptor with GAT1, EAAC1 or the sodium pump resulted in reducing activity of the respective transporter. Opioid receptor activation affected transporter activity in different ways: 1) GAT1 was further inhibited; 2) EAAC1 was stimulated; 3) Na+-K+ pump activity interfered with agonist sensitivity of DOR. Pump inhibition led to higher sensitivity for DPDPE. Conclusion: GABA transporter inhibition and glutamate transporter stimulation may counteract pain sensation by affecting the neurotransmitter concentration in the synaptic cleft and, therefore, may contribute synergistically to pain suppression by acupuncture. Sodium pump inhibition by endogenous ouabain may amplify these effects. These synergistic effects may be the molecular mechanism of inhibiting pain sense and/or acupuncture analgesia.

To improve the efficiency of targeted gene replacement (TGR), a dual screen (DS) system with gusA gene as negative selective marker (GUS-DS) was developed in Magnaporthe oryzae. First, we tested the endogenous beta-glucuronidase (GUS) activities of 78 fungal strains. All tested strains were GUS-, only with 3 exceptions. Whereas, after the gusA being introduced in, M. oryzae, Fusarium oxysporum and Colletotrichum lagenarium acquired high GUS activities. The gusA is thus usable as a selective maker in fungal species. With gusA as the negative marker, HPH gene as the positive marker, and the peroxisomal targeting signal receptor genes MGPEX5 and MGPEX7 as 2 instances of target genes, we established the GUS-DS system. After transformation, we collected the transformants from hygromycin B screen media and then tested the GUS activities of them. The GUS- ones were selected as potential mutants and checked in succession by PCR and Southern blotting to identify the true mutants and calculate the efficiency of GUS-DS. As a result, GUS-DS improved the screen efficiency for delta mgpex5 from 65.8% to 90.6%, and for delta mgpex7 from 31.2% to 82.8%. In addition, we established a multiple PCR (M-PCR) method for mutant confirmation. By amplifying the different regions at the targeted locus, M-PCR differentiated the wild type, the ectopic transformants and the mutants effectively and rapidly, and had the same reliability as Southern blotting. In conclusion, GUS-DS and M-PCR are useful tools to improve the efficiency of TGR and would be helpful for fungal genomics.
Escherichia coli ; enzymology ; genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic ; Genes, Fungal ; Glucuronidase ; genetics ; Magnaporthe ; genetics ; Mutagenesis, Insertional ; methods ; Mutation ; Recombination, Genetic ; Transformation, Genetic

The Master of Public Health (MPH) is one of the internationally recognized ways of training professionals in the medical and health field. With the outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic, the need for talents who can serve the national public health emergency management system has accelerated. This article makes the comparison of public health education in China and the UK, starting from the reasons and advantages of medical education in two countries, selecting several universities with high rankings in public health in China and the UK as the research objects, collecting and summarizing their programme descriptions, from the enrollment mode, training objectives, cultivation mode and degree types, curriculum settings, etc., in the MPH programme descriptions in order to find the advantages of MPH education in the UK, which can be used for reference in the education and training of public health talents in China, and is of great significance for the improvement and optimization of MPH education in China.

Objective:To analyze the policy tools designed for function orientation and development of China′s infectious disease hospitals, in order to provide references for formulating and optimizing the functional implementation and sustainable development policies of these hospitals.Methods:Consulting the website of Peking University Law and official websites on health, and using such keywords as " medical institutions, infectious diseases, hospitals for infectious diseases, public health emergencies, specialized hospitals", and searching the national policy texts on the functions and development of infectious disease hospitals issued from December 1991 to January 2023. By means of Rothwell and Zegveld′s policy tool classification method, Nvivo 11 Pro software was used to analyze the text content from the dimensions of demand-type, supply-type, and environmental-type policy tools.Results:A total of 41 policy texts were included and 204 codes were obtained through text analysis. Of all the tools, environmental and supply-oriented policy tools were used the most, being 104 (50.99%) and 95 (46.56%) respectively, while demand-oriented policy tools were used the least, only 5 (2.45%). Of all the environmental-oriented policy tools, " goal planning" was the most used, being 34 (16.67%), while " publicity and guidance" was less used, only 4 (1.96%). Among the supply-oriented policy tools, " clarifying the reporting and handling service functions of public health emergencies" was the most widely used, being 34 (16.67%), while " Informationization" and " infrastructure construction" was less used, being 8 (3.92%) and 6 (2.94%) respectively. Few of the demand-oriented policy tools were in use, as " government purchase" and " medical insurance support" were both 2 (0.98% each), and " social medical care" was only 1 (0.49%).Conclusions:The distribution of three types of policy tools for function and development of infectious disease hospitals is unbalanced, the use of environmental and supply-oriented policy tools is excessive and internal structure is unbalanced. The proportion of environmental-oriented policy tools needs to be adjusted, and the frequency of use of supporting tools such as relevant standards, norms, incentives, supervision and publicity should be increased. Supply-oriented policies need to be further optimized, especially in terms of personnel training, funding, information technology and infrastructure construction. Demand-oriented policy tools are seriously underused and need to be further developed.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an aggressive human cancer with increasing incidence worldwide. Multiple efforts have been made to explore pharmaceutical therapies to treat HCC, such as targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors, immune based therapies and combination of chemotherapy. However, limitations exist in current strategies including chemoresistance for instance. Tumor initiation and progression is driven by reprogramming of metabolism, in particular during HCC development. Recently, metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), a reappraisal of new nomenclature for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), indicates growing appreciation of metabolism in the pathogenesis of liver disease, including HCC, thereby suggesting new strategies by targeting abnormal metabolism for HCC treatment. In this review, we introduce directions by highlighting the metabolic targets in glucose, fatty acid, amino acid and glutamine metabolism, which are suitable for HCC pharmaceutical intervention. We also summarize and discuss current pharmaceutical agents and studies targeting deregulated metabolism during HCC treatment. Furthermore, opportunities and challenges in the discovery and development of HCC therapy targeting metabolism are discussed.