AIM: This paper summarized the actions of propolis on anti pathogen, anti inflammation, analgesia, anti ulcer, sedation, narcosis and so on. An evaluation of the pharmacological effects, and toxicity was also made. In addition, the clinical applications of propolis on oral cavity diseases were induced, such as dental caries, tooth damages, dental pulp diseases, periodontium diseases, and oral mucosa diseases. This article also prospected the distinctive advantages and application foreground of propolis as a kind of high efficiency natural medicinal material.

Articular cartilage injury is a problem in the field of orthopedics,osteochondral allografis transplantation is an effective way in the treatment of articular cartilage injuries.The article summarizes the research advances of osteochondral allograft transplantation,including the indication and contraindication of the methods,currently application in clinical treatment,and further exploring three hot topics in the osteochondral allograft transplantation,such as the spread of diseases,immune rejection and graft preservation.These literature review showed that osteochondral allograft transplantation to repair cartilage damage has a specific advantage,but still has some problems for further promoting.

Objective To investigate the efficacy of tolterodine plus tamsulosin in rats with benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH)induced low urinary tract syndrome(LUTS).Methods Male rats were castrated,then testosterone propionate were given by subcutaneous injection to induce BPH/LUTS model.Model rats were intragastrically administrated with 0.4mg/kg of tolterodine,0.04mg/kg of tamsulosin or(0.4+0.04)mg/kg of tolterodine plus tamsulosin for 14 days and urodynamics,residual urine volume and volume of bladder were mearsured.Results Tolterodine plus tamsulosin could simultaneously shorten the micturition duration,prolong the interval duration between micturition,decrease the threshold intravesical pressure at micturition and the max intravesical Pressure at micturition significantly.The combined-therapy method could also decrease the residual urine volume to a certein extent and had no obvious influence on enlarging the volume of bladder(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).Conclusion Combination treatment with tolterodine and tamsulosin may efficiently ameliorate bladder outlet obstrution and overactive bladder simultaneously,with no extra danger of uroschesis.

[Objective]To analyze the characteristics of articular cartilage lesions in knees and evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of microfracture technique under arthroscopy for articular carrtilage lesions.[Method]A total of seventy-nine patients with articular cartilage lesions were treated with the microfracture technique.Thirty-eight patients were males and forty-one were female,with the mean age of 38.3 years(15~57years).The averaged preoperative duration of symptoms was 11 months(3~23 months).After preparation of the lesion,used an arthroscopic awl to make multiple holes,results in microfracture holes approximately 3mm apart and the depth approximately 3 mm.[Result]A total of 131 articular cartilage lesions were found in Seventy-nine patients,for an average of 1.6 lesions per case.The main lesion was found on the medial femoral condyle in 33.6% and the patella in 22.1%;60.3% of lesions were grade Ⅳ according to Modified Outerbridge Scale;In 43.5% of the lesions the total area was from 1~2 cm2.Seventy-three patients were followed up for 17 months in average(10~33 months).At the time of the latest follow-up,79.7% of patients were satisfied with the results.According to Lysholm knee evaluation system,the mean scores was improved from 43 points preoperative to 88 points postoperative.[Conclusion]Arthroscopic microfrature is simple and effective to repair of articular cartilage lesions of knee joint.This method can release pain and improve joint function.

[Objective] To evaluate the curative effect of anterior cruciate ligament(ACL)reconstruction for remaining anteromedial or posterolateral bundle and ruptured fiber.[Method]Among 89 cases of ACL rupture,there were 32 cases of sports injury,24 cases training injury,23 cases traffic accidents and 10 cases sprained in daily life.ACL ruptured at the notch of the femur in 24 cases,and at the intercondyle of the tibial in 28 cases.Thirty-two cases were reconstructed with quadri-bundle Hamstring tendon knot press-fit technique and 20 cases were reconstructed with quadriceps tendon press-fit technique with autogenetic patellar bone.ACL anteromedial bundle(AMB)ruptured in 14 cases and posterolateral bundle(PLB)ruptured in 23 cases.The intact bundle and the remnants of ACL were preserved.AMB and PLB were reconstructed with double-bundle Hamstring tendon knot press-fit technique in 37 cases.Absorbable interference screws were used at the tibial tunnel and sutured tendon was knotted across the tibial bone bridge.[Result]The average duration of follow-up were 25 months(14-37 months).Lysholm knee function score increased by 27.7 scores,from average 67.5 scores of pre-operation to average 95.2 scores at the end of the follow-up.Rulermetr examination tibial translation was 4 mm?2 mm in 72 cases and 6 mm?3 mm in 17 cases.Lachman test was negative in 79 case,weakly positive in 8 cases and positive in 2 cases.The function of the knees were improved and the stabilization was strengthened after operation.According to knee therapeutic effect evaluation criterion,76 cases were excellent and 13 cases were good.[Conclusion]To keep the remaining of anteromedial or posterolateral bundle and ruptured fiber for ACL reconstruction is beneficial for the graft revascularization or healing,and is helpful for the position sense or rehabilitation.

[Objective]The purpose of this study is to investigate articular cartilage injuries in patients undergoing arthroscopy of knee joint.[Method]From November 2004 to September 2005,568 patients underwent arthroscopy in the orthopedic department of Chinese PLA General Hospital.[Result]Totally 923 cases of articular cartilage injuries in 389 patients were documented,with the incidence rate of 68%.The main articular cartilage injuries were found on the medial femoral condyle(26%)and patella(25%).The incidence rate had signicant difference between patients over and under 40 years(88% VS 36.5%).Patients between 40 and 60 years were most susceptable to articular cartilage injuries.[Conclusion]Articular cartilage injuries are common in patients after arthroscopy.Early arthroscopy and treatment may benefit the patients.

BACKGROUND:It has been demonstrated that there are different expressions of fatty acid binding proteins (FABPs) in most malignant tumors such as breast cancer, prostate cancer, liver cancer, lung carcinoma and bladder carcinoma;therefore, FABPs are closely related to the occurrence, metastasis, invasion and drug resistance of malignant tumors. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of fatty acid binding protein-5 (FABP-5) silencing on the proliferation, invasion and apoptosis of U251 cel s (human glioma cel s). METHODS:siRNA molecules targeting the mRNA of FABP-5 was designed and chenical y synthesized, which was transiently transfected into U251 cel s. U251 cel s were divided into three groups:Lv-shRNA-FABP-5 was added into FABP-5-shRNA group, LV-shRNA-NC added into negative control group, and blank control group underwent normal culture. mRNA and protein expressions of FABP-5 were detected by RT-PCR and western blot assay, respectively. The cel proliferation in vitro was determined by cel counting kit-8 assay, the cel cycle, apoptosis and expressions of CD44+and CD133+were detected by flow cytometry, and the apoptosis was observed using TUNEL staining. RESULTS AND COUNCLUSION:mRNA and protein expressions of FABP-5 in the FABP-5-shRNA group were significantly lower than those in the negative control and blank control groups. Compared with the negative control and blank control groups, the cel growth rate was significantly decreased, the cel cycle arrested in the G0/G1 phase, and the cel number in the S phase was decreased, and moreover, the proportion of CD44+/CD133+expression was significantly decreased in the FABP-5-shRNA group (P<0.05). Besides, compared with the negative control and blank control groups, the apoptosis rate was significantly increased, and the cel proliferation and invasiveness were significantly decreased in the FABP-5-shRNA group (P<0.05). In conclusion, it is possible that FABP-5 directly or indirectly regulates the cel cycle and apoptosis of glioma cel s, and its expression changes share a close relationship with the invasiveness of tumor cel s.

Objective To investigate the effect of ganoderic acid A( GA-A) on apoptosis, invasion and KDR expression of human U251 cells.Methods Ganoderic acid A( GA-A) was prepared, human U251 cells were treated with 0.1, and 0.5 mmol/L GA-A, and the experiment was divided into blank control, low concentration and high concentration group.The expressions of KDR mRNA and KDR protein was assayed by RT-PCR and Western blot.The effect of GA-A on the proliferation and invasion capability of U251 cells was determined by CCK-8 and transwell assay in vitro, respectively.Flow cytometry was used to detect the influence of GA-A on the cell cycle and apoptosis of U251 cells, and TUNEL staining was detected the cell apoptosis too.Results Compared with the control group, KDR mRNA and protein expression of high concentration and low concentration group were significantly decreased(P <0.05), GA-A can significantly reduce the cell growth rate, reduce the proportion of cells in G1 phase and increase the proportion of S phase and G2 /M phase,cells apoptosis was significantly increased in the high concentration and low concentration group ( P <0.01), and cells proliferation and invasion was significantly decreased (P <0.05).Compared with low concentration group, the high concentration group induce cell apoptosis and inhibit the expression of KDR more significant (P <0.05). Conclusions Ganoderma acid A can induce apoptosis in U251 cells, inhibit proliferation and invasion, and can inhibit the expression of KDR mRNA and protein, which may be one of the mechanisms of anti-tumor.

Objective To study the short-term therapeutic effects of adeno-associated viral gene transfer of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SRCA2a) on chronic heart failure (CHF). Methods The rats were divided into four groups: control group, CHF group, CHF+eGFP group and CHF+SRCA2a group. CHF rats were obtained by creating descending aortic constriction. 0.9% sodium chloride solution, recombinant adeno-associated virus carrying enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) gene, and recombinant adeno-associated virus carrying SRCA2a gene, were respectively injected into pericardium of heart failure rats in different groups by intrapericardial injection via trans-diaphragmatic approach. 10 days after gene transfer, hemodynamic parameters, the protein expression of SRCA2a and the SRCA2a activity were measured and analyzed respectively. Results 10 days after gene transfer, the protein expression and activity of SRCA2a were increased by 80.7% and 89.9% respectively, but still lower than those in the control rats. The heart function was also improved along with the increase of SRCA2a expression and activity. The left ventricular systolic pressure and the maximal rate of decline of left-ventricular pressure in CHF+SRCA2a group were similar with those of the controls. The left ventricular end-diastolic pressure and the maximal rate of rise of left-ventricular pressure were much improved, but did not reach the level of the controls. Conclusions SRCA2a protein levels and activity are significantly decreased in CHF rats. Adeno-associated viral gene transfer of SRCA2a can improve the function of the heart in short term.

Calcineurin is a serine-threonine protein phosphatase that plays a pivotal role in a wide series of crucial physiologic processes such as T-cell activation, apoptosis, skeletal myocyte differentiation, and cardiac hypertrophy. A new family of regulators of calcineurin (RCANs) has been shown to modulate calcineurin activity through direct binding of it in vivo. Calcineurindependent signals are transduced to the nucleus by nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT) transcription factors that undergo nuclear translocation upon dephosphorylation and promote transcriptional activation of target genes. The recent researches have revealed that RCAN1 modulating catalytic activity of calcineurin can function as an endogenous backfeed inhibitor during the calcineurin-NFAT signalling pathway. RCANs have now been implicated in several pathological conditions including Alzheimer’s disease, down syndrome and cardiac hypertrophy. In addition, the RCAN family is a rational, functional name for RCAN gene and it is proposed in 2007. It is, therefore, necessary to review the RCAN gene, RCANs and the roles of RCANs in a wide variety of diseases especially including Alzheimer’s disease. It is suggested that regulation of RCAN expression may be a new target on neurodegeneration disease.