Objective To develop the clinical application of tandem mass spectrometry in earlystage diagnosis of patients with growth retardation.Methods Tandem mass spectrometry was used to quantitatively detect blood amino acids and acyl carnitine in 155 cases of children with growth retardation.The tandem mass spectrometry results,clinical symptoms,and treatment tracking results were analyzed.Results Ten patients with inborn metabolic absence of amino acids and acyl carnitine were confirmed including four cases of methylmalonic acidemia,one case of propionic acidemia,one case of medium-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency,one case of ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency,and three cases of phenylketonuria.Conclusions Tandem mass spectrometry was helpful for some patients in etiologic diagnosis and therapeutic effect assessment of cerebral developmental retardation.

Objective To test the reliability and validity of self-management instrument for person with schizophrenia.Methods The instrument was psychometrically tested by using 396 people with schizophrenia among 8 mental health service centers in Beijing.The instrument was test by internal consistency analysis,test-retest reliability,exploratory factor analysis,confirmed factor analysis,known-groups validity.Results The Cronbach α coefficient of instrument was 0.96,Pearson coefficient was 0.791.Factor analysis of the instrument resulted in six factors:medication compliance,medication management,symptom management,maintain daily life and social functioning,manage health recourse and support,and self-efficacy.The six-factor solution accounted for 61.70％ of the total variance.The results also showed that the newly developed instrument was positively correlated with PIH.The results also demonstrated that the instrument could discriminate patients' self-management ability according to their living status,work status,education background,and financial burden.Conclusion The newly developed instrument has adequate psychometric properties and may be useful in intervention program and assessing self-management in individuals with schizophrenia.

Objective: To optimize the extraction process of Yunpitongbian decoction.Methods: With the extraction yield and the contents of hesperidin and atractylenolide Ⅲ as the comprehensive evaluation indices, and based on the results of single factor tests, Box-Behnken response surface methodology was used to optimize the extraction process with the extraction duration, extraction times and liquid-solid ratio as the independent variables.Results: The optimum processing conditions were as follows: extracted three times with 15-fold amount of solvent and extraction time of 66 min.The measured value of comprehensive score was 1.198 40, which was close to the predicted value of 1.204 78.Conclusion: The optimized extraction process of Yunpitongbian decoction is simple and feasible with good predictability.

Objective:To understand the current status of patient safety culture (PSC) of nurses in psychiatric department in China and to provide references for nursing managers to formulate effective nursing measures to improve the quality of psychiatric nursing services.Methods:Using the convenient sampling method, a total of 2 624 nurses in psychiatric department from 7 regions of China were selected as the research objects in September 2019. The Self-designed General Information Questionnaire and Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture (HSOPSC) were used for the survey. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed on the influencing factors of "adverse event reporting frequency" and "general perception of patient safety" of nurses in psychiatric department.Results:A total of 2 624 questionnaires were returned. The positive response rate of all dimensions of HSOPSC was from 43.33% to 83.31%. The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that personnel allocation, non-punitive response to errors, feedback and communication to errors, shift and department transfer were the influencing factors of adverse event reporting frequency ( P<0.05) , together explaining 15.8% of the total variation. Personnel allocation, organizational learning and continuous improvement, non-punitive responses to errors, managers' expectations and actions to promote safety, feedback and communication on errors, management support for patient safety and shifts and department transfers were influencing factors for patient safety culture ( P<0.05) , together explaining 41.2% of the total variation. Conclusions:The cognitive level of psychiatric nurses on PSC needs to be improved. It is recommended that nursing managers intervene in three areas of personnel allocation of psychiatric nurses, non-punitive reactions to errors and frequency of adverse event reports, so as to improve psychiatric nurses' recognition of PSC, thereby improving the quality of psychiatric nursing services.

Objective:This study aims to investigate Mental health nurses′ perceptions of patient safety culture in different levels of hospitals, so as to provide the basis for understanding the perceptions of patients' safety culture among psychiatric nurses in different levels of hospitals.Methods:The self-designed general data questionnaire and the Hospital Patient Safety Culture Questionnaire were used to collect and analyze the data of 2 624 psychiatric nurses from level 3, level 2 and Level 1 hospitals in the seven administrative regions of China.Results:The scores of nurses in primary and secondary hospitals were 132.74±1.35 and 151.99±1.74, lower than 154.76±1.85 in tertiary hospitals ( χ2 value was 19.228, P < 0.01). There were statistically significant differences in the non-punitive response to error, feedback and communications about error, communication openness, hospital management support for patient safety, and frequency of events reported, overall perception of patient safety among psychiatric nurses at different levels of hospitals ( χ2 value was 7.997-37.681, P<0.05). Conclusions:The mental health nurses′ perceptions of patient safety culture in different levels of hospitals need to be improved, and hospital managers at all levels should focus on the non-punitive response to errors and personnel allocation. In addition, managers of primary and secondary hospitals also need to strengthen the training of nurses in such dimensions as feedback and communication of errors, openness of communication, management support for patient safety, frequency of adverse event reports, and overall sense of patient safety.

The cultivation of mental health nurses in the United States is unique. This article summarizes the educational requirements, training objectives, curriculum settings, teaching forms, and clinical practice of the mental health nursing talents at all levels in America, including undergraduates, masters, doctors of nursing practice, and doctors of nursing philosophy, aiming to provide references for the cultivation of mental health nursing talents in our country.

Objective:To understand the cognition and attitude of nursing managers to horizontal violence among nurses.Methods:From October to December 2018, semi-structured interviews were conducted with nursing managers in a Class ⅢGrade A hospital in Shanghai by using the purposive sampling method.Results:Five themes were extracted, namely, the low level of understanding of nurse managers on horizontal violence among nurses, effects of horizontal violence among nurses on psychology and work of nurses, the lack of enthusiasm of nursing managers in dealing with horizontal violence among nurses, nursing managers thoughthorizontalviolence was influenced by many factors and nursing managers thought that there was a lack of support for nurses suffering from horizontal violence.Conclusions:Nursing managers should enrich relevant knowledge, timely find and deal with horizontal violence in time and provide psychological support to victim nurses. Medical institutions should also formulate relevant rules and regulations to provide a basis for nursing managers when dealing with horizontal violence.

Objective:To investigate the depression and family function of expectant fathers in late pregnancy, and analyze the correlation between them so as to provide a broad clinical basis for the prevention of depression of expectant fathers in late pregnancy.Methods:From December 2018 to October 2019, convenience sampling was used to select 288 expectant fathers who were accompanied by pregnant women over 28 weeks in the prenatal examination at the Obstetric Outpatient Department of a ClassⅢ Grade A hospital in Beijing were selected as research subjects. Among them, there were 187 expectant fathers of the first child and 101 expectant fathers of the second child. All expectant fathers were investigated with the General Information Questionnaire, Family Assessment Device (FAD) and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) .Results:Among 288 expectant fathers in late pregnancy, there were 19.10% (55/288) with depression. Among expectant fathers of the first child, the incidence of depression was 19.79% (37/187) ; and among expectant fathers of the second child, the incidence of depression was 17.82% (18/101) ; the differences were not statistically significant ( P>0.05) . There were statistically significant differences between expectant fathers of the first child and the second child in terms of age, education level, monthly family income, living situation, having relatives who needed financial support, and having enough trusted people to confide in, wife had the history of miscarriage ( P<0.05) . The generalized linear model showed that the good family function and having enough trusted people to confide in could reduce the incidence of postpartum depression in expectant fathers ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:The incidence of depression of expectant fathers in late pregnancy has nothing to do with parity. When the family function is good and having trusted people to confide in, the score of EPDS is low. The multi-dimensional indicators of family function of the spouse of multiparous women are worse than those of primiparous women, and the economic pressure is great and social support is low, which makes them need more attention.

Objective To investigate the current situation of primary caregivers who suffer from violent attacks from patients with severe mental disorder outside of the hospital .Methods A self-made questionnaire was used to investigate 208 caregivers of patients with severe mental disorders from one psychiatry hospital in Beijing.Results The incidence rate of violent behaviors to primary caregivers outside of the hospital was 74.03%;during which verbal assault accounted for 61.54%, threats accounted for 54.33% and physical attacks accounted for 45.19%.Patients often attacked caregivers with their bare hands .Caregivers normally suffered with soft tissue injury and great pain after receiving attack .The main cause of violent attacks was the domination of psychiatric symptoms (81.81%).The main way to deal with these attacks for caregivers was tolerance (69.48%).Multiple-factor analysis showed patients with elder age had low risk , and patients with low education level, single, involuntary hospitalization and many times hospitalization had high risk . Conclusions Primary caregivers suffer a high incidence rate of violent attacks and cannot deal with this properly.Effective nursing interventions should be made in hospitals and communities .Health education should be provided for caregivers to achieve effective intervention and reduce violent attacks and boost the confidence and life quality of caregivers .

Objective? To explore the correlation among muscle strength, muscle mass, muscle function and cognitive function of old people in a community in Beijing. Methods? From April 2018 to October 2018, we selected 192 elderly people aged 60 or over in a community in Beijing. Muscle strength was evaluated with the CAMRY electronic handgrip strength instrument EH101; mass of limb skeletal muscle was measured with body fat scale to calculate the relative skeletal muscle index (RSMI) of limbs; muscle function was measured with the 4-m walk test; cognitive function was assessed with the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). SPSS 20.0 was used to data statistics. Results? Among 192 subjects, the incidences of mild and medium cognitive impairment were 65.62%(126/192) and 12.50%(24/192) respectively. Spearman correlation analysis showed that muscle strength, muscle mass and muscle function had correlations with cognitive function with statistical differences (r=0.384, 0.215, 0.458;P＜ 0.05). Muscle strength and muscle mass had strong statistical correlations with attention of cognition (r=0.319, 0.229;P＜ 0.05). Muscle function had strong statistical correlation with linguistic competence (r=0.392, P＜0.05). Muscle strength, muscle mass and muscle function all had correlations with attention as well as linguistic competence with statistical differences (P＜0.05). Taking whether cognitive function was normal or not as dependent variable, Logistic regression analysis showed that the influencing factors of cognitive function were ages, body mass index (BMI), body fat rate and RSMI. Conclusions? Muscle strength, muscle mass and muscle function had positive correlations with cognitive function among elderly people.