The current situation of medical metrology is expatiated and the advantages of medical metrology room is introduced. Some kinds of equipment can't be measured. Doctors and nurses don't attach enough importance to medical metrology work. Countermeasures are put forward.

Objective:To study the role of IL-2,IL-4,IL-6,IL-10,IL-13 and IFN? in pathogenesis of human tumor.Methods:The gene expression of 6 cytokines in human tumor cell lines and specimens were detected by RT-PCR or RNA dot hybridization.Results: There were predominant expression of Th2 type cytokines in 183 different human tumor cell lines and specimens.The positive rate of IL-4,IL-6,IL-10,IL-13 .IFN? and IL-2 in 183 tumor cell lines and specimens were 65%,70.5%,83.6%,61.7%, 12.6% and 22.9%,respectively.Conclusion: Predominant expression of Th2 type cytokines play an important role in the pathogenesis and development of tumor, may be related to the evasion of tumor cells from immune surveillance.

Objective: TO establish methods for sensitive, rapid, economical detection of Th1/Th2 Cytokine gene expression. Method: sixpairs of Primers specific for the IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, IL-13, IFNr and B-actin were designed. A Sensitive and rapid method for detection of Th1/Th2cytokine genes by RT-RCR was established. Meanwhile another method: the RNA hybridization with sir cDNA probes were established. Results:The RT-PCR reaction and RNA hybridization was used to test five kinds of Cytokine mRNAs expressed 20 tumor cell lines on mRNAs were expressed in eleven Cell lines;The mRNAs in eight cell lines. Conclusion:The preliminary results suggested that RT-PCR and RNA hybridizationnight be used to test Th1/Th2 cytokine gene expression.

Objective:To investigate the influence of concanavalin A(Con A) pretreatment on the development of the fulminant murine hepatitis induced by an adequate dose of Con A.Methods:An adequate dose of Con A(15 ?g/g.body.wt) was injected intravenously into C57BL/6 mice to provoke severe liver damage,an extensively-used murine hepatitis model.A low dose of Con A(3 ?g/g.body.wt) was administrated intravenously 12 h before injection with an adequate dose of Con A.Liver injury was evaluated by serum transaminase assay and H&E staining.Hepatic lymphocytes were analyzed by flow cytometry and the absolute amount of lymphocytes per liver was calculated.Results:Pretreatment with a low dose of Con A significantly inhibited Con A-induced liver injury.Both the percentage and the absolute number of liver CD3~+T cells in Con A-pretreated mice were lower than those of PBS-pretreated mice.The activation of liver CD3~+T cells in Con A-pretreated mice was also prominently inhibited.Conclusion:Con A pretreatment exerted the negative effect on the development of Con A-induced hepatitis,which may be result from the decreased recruitment of T cells into the liver.The underlying mechanisms are under investigation.

Objective:To purify recombinant human interleukin 18(rhIL 18) and perform activity assay of renatured rhIL 18 Methods:The rhIL 18 was purified by molecular sieve chromatography MTT assay and RT PCR method were used in activity assay of rhIL 18 Results:The purity of rhIL 18 was up to 96% The renatured rhIL 18 could enhance the cytotoxicity of NK cells and induce IFN ? gene expression in PBMC Conclusion:The rhIL 18 prepared exerts functional activity and can be applied for further studies

Objective:To determine the roles of constitutively activated signal transduction pathway ERK1/2(p44/42 MAPK)in controlling cytotoxicity or proliferation activity of natural killer cell lines.Methods:Whole cell extracts from human NK cell lines(YT,IL 2 independent;NK 92,IL 2 dependent) was used in Western blot to detect the constitutively activated signal transduction pathway(s) in human NK cell lines. Specific inhibitor PD098059 was used to abrogate phosphorylation of ERK1/2 for further evaluation. A MTT based method was applied to analyze the cytotoxicity and proliferation capability of NK cell lines before and after specific inhibition of ERK1/2 activation by PD098059.RT PCR protocol was applied to analyze the cytotoxic related molecules possibly engaged with the ERK1/2 signal transduction pathway.Results:Western blot showed that signal transduction pathway ERK1/2,NF ?B and STAT3 was constitutively phosphorylated in two representative human NK cell lines YT and NK 92 which killed NK sensitive K562 target efficiently,other sigal pathways(STAT1,STAT6,p38 MAPK and PI 3K) were not activated.ERK1/2 inhibitor PD098059 apparently inhibited cytotoxicity of NK cell lines but did not influence their proliferation potential, RT PCR analysis revealed that the expression of lytic related molecules including IFN?,FasL,and perforin was downregulated to distince degree by PD098059 as it blocked the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 in NK cell lines.Conclusion:The constitutively phosphorylated signal pathway ERK1/2 in NK cell lines mainly involved in transducing signals controlling the cytotoxic capacity but not the proliferation potential of NK cells,ERK1/2 regulated the lytic capacity of NK cells by inducing the expression level of lytic related molecules including IFN?、FasL and perforin. [

Objective:To investigate the changes of lung lymphocytes in OVA induced murine asthma model,and study the involvement of NK cells in this process.Methods:C57BL/6J(B6) mice were induced to develop asthma by intrapenitoneal injection of OVA with alum as adjuvant, and then inhalation of nebulized OVA. After collecting serum and Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid(BALF),IL-4 level was determined by ELISA. The kinetics of pulmonary lymphocyte recruitment and cytokine release were detected by flow cytometry.Results:IL-4 expression increased in BALF after OVA nebulization, while there was no significant difference in serum. IFN-?,IL-4+NK cells accumulation in lung parenchymal tissues,and exhibited an evident NK2 shift in mice with asthma.Conclusion:NK cell involved in OVA-induced mouse asthma and NK2 shift accompany with Th2, indicating that NK2 played an important role in this process.

Objective:To investigate the influence of IL-2 on the apoptosis of activated and inactivated lymphocytes.Methods:Selected an appropriate system as the model of activated lymphocytes by detecting the expression of Fas and FasL in two systems of one way MLR using RT-PCR. Detected the apoptosis of activated and inactivated lymphocytes after the stimulation of IL-2 with the methods of FITC-Annexin-V/PI staining.The resultaint change of membrane Fas was evaluated by FACS,and the lymphocytes from doner and acceptor were distinguished by CFSE staining.Results:To the inactivated spleen lymphocytes, exogenous IL-2 inhibited their apoptosis and the expression of Fas; while to the spleen lymphocytes activated by mixed lymphocyte reaction, exogenous IL-2 promoted their apoptosis and upregulated the expression of Fas, which did the same both to the doner cells and the acceptor cells.Conclusion:IL-2 can inhibit the apoptosis of inactivated lymphocytes, and promote the apoptosis of activated lymphocytes.These effects have something to do with the change of expression of Fas.

Objective To explore the value of dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI)and diffusion tensor imaging(DTI)in grading of glioma.Methods 3.0T DCE-MRI and DTI scans were performed in 31 patients with glioma confirmed by pathology.Capacity volume transfer constant (Ktrans ),extravascular extracellular volume fraction (Ve ),exchange rate constant (Kep ),initial area under the gadolinium concentration-time curve (iAUC),and relative fractional anisotropy (rFA)were measured in the low grade glioma (LGG)and the high grade glioma (HGG).The correlation between parameters of DCE-MRI and rFA with microvessel denisity (MVD)and microvessel structure (MVS)were performed by Spearman rank correlation analysis.Results The MVD and MVS were positive correlation with the grading of glioma.Ktrans ,Kep ,Ve ,iAUC and rFA values of the LGG were (0.02±0.01)min-1 ,1.82 (0.18-8.54)min-1 ,0.05±0.03, 2.47±1.66 and 0.55±0.22,respectively.Ktrans ,Kep ,Ve ,iAUC and rFA values of the HGG were (0.1 1±0.02)min-1 ,1.31 (0.12-7.58)min-1 ,0.28±0.10,10.84 ±6.46 and 0.28 ±0.08,respectively.The differences of all parameters between the LGG and the HGG were statistically significant,except for Kep (P <0.05 ).Ktrans ,Ve and iAUC values were positive correlation with MVD and MVS (P <0.05),and rFA values were negative correlation with MVD and MVS (P <0.01).Conclusion The quantitative parameters of DCE-MRI and DTI have important values in grading of glioma and evaluating tumor angiogenesis and microvessel structure.

Objective To evaluate the effect of carbon fiber couch on dose distribution of radiotherapy planning and verification pass rate.Methods Establishing the carbon fiber treatment couch model in Pinnacle8.0m Treatment Planning system (TPS),and then this model was used to correct dose calculations of oblique fields in the treatment plans of 10 cases of nasopharyngeal carcinoma,10 cases of breast cancer and 10 cases of lung cancer and evaluate the effect of carbon fiber couch on the whole dose distribution of the plans.Then these plans were measured by three-dimensional dose verification equipment Delta4 to confirm the improvement extent of Gamma pass rate after considering the carbon fiber treatment couch.Results For the majority of plans,when the carbon fiber couch was taken into consideration,the target doses was significantly reduced (4772 cGy-7266 cGy vs.4859 cGy-7347 cGy,P=0.000-0.002) and the relative deviation of D95 was 1％ to 3％.Measurement results of Delta4 showed that Gamma pass rate (3 mm/3％ criteria) increased in all plans (96.4％-98.8％ vs.93.4％-97.3％,P =0.000),some of that were up to 5 percentage when the couch model was applied.Conclusions Target doses will be overestimated if the treatment couch is ignored in TPS measurement.,However it should arouse enough attention when the disease with smaller doses corresponding gradient.