The paper makes a brief introduction to the application of natural language processing in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM).Through research and analysis of relevant literatures , it describes the features and application directions of such methods as the association rule mining , clustering analysis , information extraction , machine learning , etc.It also summarizes methods related to the es-tablishment of knowledge networks on TCM and proposes new ideas for future researches of natural language processing in TCM based on the establishment of knowledge networks .

Background and purpose:In in vivo and vitro studies, Rhodiola shows anti-cancer effect, but there were few reports about the effects of Rhodiola on growth of breast cancer and its possible mechanism. Methods:Xenograft of Human breast cancer cells MDA-MB-435 in female BALB/c nude mice were treated with and without Rhodiola extracts. The tumor volume and proliferation index (PCNA and Ki67) of the xenograft were studied.Results:After Rhodiola was given to nude mice for 4 weeks, the mean tumor volume was smaller (99.95mm 3 vs. 174.60mm 3 ) compared to untreated group,but there was no statistical significance(P=0.535). The proportion and intensity of cellular Ki-67 staining in Xenografts were decreased as compared to the untreated group, (average H-score 152.8 vs. 86, P=0.014), the same trend could be found for cellular PCNA staining, but there was no statistical significance(242 vs.210,P=0.221).Conclusions:The mechanism of anti-cancer effect of Rhodiola may be partly through inhibiting the proliferation of cancer cells in vivo.

Objective To investigate the regulation of CCL22/CCR4 signaling on CD4 + CD25 + regulatory T cells (Tregs) and immune escape in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Methods CCL22,interleukin-2 (IL-2),transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β),and interleukin-10 (IL-10) levels in tumor tissue of 30 HCC patients were determined by ELISA.Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes were isolated and assayed by flow cytometry to evaluate the change of CD4 + CD25 + Tregs in tumor tissue,and CCR4 in CD4 + CD25 +Tregs were detected.Results The CCL22 level in tumor tissue was obviously increased.The level of CCL22 in tumor tissue was (920.1-± 180.1)ng/L,which was significantly higher than that in non-tumor tissue [(227.2 ± 108.6) ng/L; P ＜ 0.05].The tumor infiltrating CD4 + CD25 + Tregs was obviously increased,reaching approximately to (13.3 ±4.0)％,and the CCR4 expression in CD4+ CD25 + Tregs increased to (8.8 ± 3.0) ％.Along with progression in clinical TNM staging,the levels of CD4 + CD25 + Tregs and CD4 + CD25 + CCR4 + Tregs in tumor tissue increased,and were correlated with the CCL22 level.IL-2 level in tumor tissue was decreased,but TGF-β and IL-10 levels were increased.HCC tissue can secrete a large amount of CCL22 that could recruit CD4 + CD25 + Tregs to tumor tissue by activating CCL22/CCR4 signaling.CD4 + CD25 + Tregs played an important role in the immune escape of HCC by releasing plenty of TGF-β and IL-10 and inhibiting IL-2 secretion.Conclusion This study validates CCL22/CCR4 as therapeutic targets in immunotherapy for HCC.

Objective To evaluate surgical resection combined with RFA and TACE for multiple hepatocellular carcinoma.Methods Between 2010 and 2013, 27 multiple hepatocellular carcinoma cases were treated with surgical resection combined with RFA and TACE.The clinical data and postoperative complications were observed.Results Left lateral lobectomy was performed in 4 patients, left hemihepatectomy was performed in 8 patients, right liver resection was performed in 3 patients, irregular right liver resection was performed in 12 patients.The operation time was (223 ± 77) min, The intraoperative bleeding was (435 ± 144) ml.There were not postoperative severe complications, such as hepatic hematoma, liver abscess, intraabdominal hemorrhage, liver failure.Unresected focus uderwent complete necrosis or liquefaction in the RFA regions as shown by CT scanning after 1 month in 24 patients.Postoperative, TACE was performed regularly in all the patients.Lipiodol deposition on the margin of RFA regions was found in 3 patients.After a year, new foci were found in 9 cases.Patients were followed-up from 8-39 months.The median survival time after operation was 26.3 months.The survival rates were 92％, 60％, 15％, respectively after 1, 2, 3 year.Conclusions For patients with multiple hepatocellular carcinoma, surgical resection combined with RFA and TACE was safe and effective.

OBJECTIVE To investigate vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C) and cyclooxyegense-2(COX-2) expression in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. METHODS The expression of COX-2 and VEGF-C were stained respectively in nasopharyngeal carcinoma tissues of 45 patients using immunohistochemical method,and were analyzed with clinical data. RESULTS The positive expression rates of COX-2 and VEGF-C were 68.9 % and 53.3 % respectively in nasopharyngeal carcinoma tissue. The expression of COX-2 was positively correlated with VEGF-C (r=0.334,P

Objective To investigate the surgical procedures for chronic pancreatitis associated with pancreatic duct stones.Methods The clinical data of 17 cases of chronic pancreatitis with pancreatic duct stones surgically treated were analyzed retrospectively.Results Of the 17 cases,13 had pancreatic duct stones in the head of the pancreas.4 had pancreaticolithiasis in the body and tail of the pancreas,six had additional choledocholithiasis.Surgical treatments included Roux-en-Y anastomosis of the pancreatic duct and jejunum in 6 cases(Partington procedure),anastomosis of pancreatic duct and stomach in 4 cases (Warren procedure).subtotal resection of the head of the pancreas with duodenal preservation in 3 cases (Beger's procedure).removal of the tail of pancreas with Roux-en-Y anastomosis of the distal pancreatic end to the iejunum in 3 cases(Duval's procedure),removal of the tail of pancreas and spleen with a Roux-en-Y anastomosis of the distal pancreatic end to ieiunum in 1 case.All 17 patients were cured,with complete relief of intractable abdominal pain in 15 cases.blood glucose was under eontrol in two out of six diabetics.Two cases suffered from postoperative pancreatic fistula.one patient died of pancreatic cancer 11 months after operation.Conclusion For patients with chronic pancreatitis and pancreaticolithiasis.surgical treatment should be highly individualized.We suggest drainage procedures for patients with dilatation of the pancreatic duct.Patients with no dilatation of the pancreatic duct and those with suspected carcinoma can be treated by partial pancreatectomy and Roux-en-Y pancreaticojejunostomy.Meanwhile effort must be applied to preserve the exocnne and endocrine pancreatic function vital for the patient's quality of life.

Objective To investigate the effect of once yearly zoledronic acid of 5 mg on postmenopausal women with osteoporosis of different causes. MethodsFrom October 2009 to December 2009,a total of 89 postmenopausal women with osteoporosis were enrolled and assigned into 2 groups.There were 45 cases of primary postmenopausal osteoporosis,including 27 cases of fresh fracture,in group A.They were aged from 47 to 83 years,with an average of 63.7 years.There were 44 cases of secondary postmenopausal osteoporosis,including 28 cases of fresh fracture,in group B.All patients were given a.single 30-minute intravenous injection of zoledronic acid (5 mg),supplemented by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D of 0.25 μg and calcium of 600 mg with VitD125 IU daily.At pre-intervention and 12 months after intervention respectively,bone mineral density (BMD) was measured by dual-X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) at the lumbar spine and hip,and a balance test(Sunlight Tetrax- Ⅱ) was performed to evaluate the risk of falling.Intervention compliance of the patients and adverse events related to zoledronic acid infusion were observed. Results All cases of fresh fracture healed well at 3-month follow-up.At 12 months,43 subjects in group A and 42 subjects in group B completed the follow-up.In group A,BMD increased by 5.8％ at the lumbar spine,by 2.9％ at the femoral neck,by 5.2％ at the Words area,by 5.3％ at the greater trochanter and by 3.9％ at the total hip while the risk of falling decreased by 26.1％; in group B,BMD increased by by 3.4％ at the lumbar spine,by 2.1％ at the femoral neck,by 3.2％ at the Words area,by 3.0％ at the greater trochanter and by 2.5％ at the total hip while the risk of falling decreased by 21.8％.The differences between pre-intervention and post-intervention were significant in both groups ( P ＜ 0.05).No intolerable adverse events occurred in both groups except that one new fracture happened in each group but responded to conservative treatment.ConclusionA once-yearly infusion of zoledronic acid of 5 mg is a convenient and effective therapy for treatment of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women.

Objective To explore the clinical correlation of the variation of plasma homocysteine (HCY), melatonin (MLT) and ulceative colitis (UC). Methods The clinical data of 112 UC patients was collected, and 110 normal healthy persons as control. The level of plasma HCY and MLT was detected by high pressure liquid chromatography-fluorescence detection (HPLC-FD) method. The level of plasma folate ( FA) and vitamin B12 was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. The correlation of these four indexes and UC was analyzed. Results The serum level of HCY in UC patients was significantly higher than that in normal healthy persons [(11. 27± 7.26) μmol/L vs (8. 19±4. 81) μmol/L, P = 0. 000]. The serum level of MLT in UC patients was significantly lower than that in normal healthy persons [(49. 06 + 31. 40) pg/ml vs (64. 28±41. 16) pg/ml,P=0. 008]. The serum level of FA in UC patients was significantly lower than that in normal healthy persons [(7. 64 + 1.95) nmol/L vs (9. 14 + 1.23) nmol/L, P = 0. 005]. The serum level of vitamin B12 in UC patients was significantly lower than that in normal healthy persons [(108. 64 ±32. 22) pmol/L vs (112. 64±33. 33) pmol/L, P = 0. 004]. There was no correlation between plasma HCY, MLT and UC disease activity degree, range, disease duration, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), or C reactive protein (CRP) in UC patients. There was no significant correlation between MLT and HCY in UC patients. Conclusions The serum level of HCY is higher in UC patients than that in normal control, and MLT is lower than that in normal control. However there is no significant correlation between them.

Objective To investigate severe complications of inferior vena cava filter (IVCF) applying for preventing pulmonary embo-lism after spinal cord injury. Methods From December 2014 to July 2015, 95 patients with acute spinal cord injury (SCI) in our hospital were retrospected. Results Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) appeared in 23 cases, in which 15 cases placed IVCF. All patients accepted anti-coagulant therapy, except 10 cases with contraindication. 3 cases had severe complication, in which 2 cases had comprehensive DVT distal to IVCF, with both lower limbs severe swelling, acute renal inadequacy and hypertension;1 case had continuous hyperpyrexia. Conclusion Although the IVCF placement was widely used in acute SCI for preventing pulmonary embolism in patients with DVT, however, the selec-tion of IVCF and complication prevention should be taken into account.

Objective To compare the results of surgical resection with radiofrequency ablation in the treatment of primary hepatocellular carcinoma with type Ⅰ portal vein tumor thrombus.Methods The clinical data of 30 patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma with type Ⅰ portal vein tumor thrombus treated between January 2006 and December 2009 were analyzed retrospectively.Patients were divided into two groups according to the treatment.Result The treatments were successfully carried out in the surgical resection group (n=15) and the radiofrequency ablation group (n =15).There was no perioperative death.Both surgical resection and radiofrequency ablation improved the overall survival and recurrence-free survival.The survival outcome of radiofrequency ablation was similar to surgical resection.Conclusion Both surgical resection and radiofrequency ablation were safe and effective for patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma with type Ⅰ portal vein tumor thrombus and improved the overall survival and recurrence-free survival.