Eight-year program education is the heated topic in the field of medical education across the country.The system of eight-year program education can be discussed as a system,from the view of system philosophy.We analyzed beth internal relationships and external relationships connected to the system,so as to look upon the eight-year program education in its entirety.And then we discussed about the problems of epistemology and methodology on that basis.

Objective To evaluate the clinical value of using three-dimensional reconstruction and incising software in facial fracture. Methods Twenty-nine patients of facial fracture were examined with spiral CT first and then the images were taken with three-dimensional reconstruction and incising software on work-station. 2D images, 3D images and incising images were evaluated. Results BZ 3D images were superior to 2D images in demonstrating the space relationship of facial fractures, such as the fracture location, range, fragments displacement. However 2D images were better in illustrating deep structure; The 3D images could illustrate deep structure as well as 2D images when combined with incising software. Conclusion 3D images can provide information of space relationship in assessing facial fracture. The range can be extended combining with the incising software, and do better for illustrating deep struction.

The paper makes a brief introduction to the application of natural language processing in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM).Through research and analysis of relevant literatures , it describes the features and application directions of such methods as the association rule mining , clustering analysis , information extraction , machine learning , etc.It also summarizes methods related to the es-tablishment of knowledge networks on TCM and proposes new ideas for future researches of natural language processing in TCM based on the establishment of knowledge networks .

Objective: TO establish methods for sensitive, rapid, economical detection of Th1/Th2 Cytokine gene expression. Method: sixpairs of Primers specific for the IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, IL-13, IFNr and B-actin were designed. A Sensitive and rapid method for detection of Th1/Th2cytokine genes by RT-RCR was established. Meanwhile another method: the RNA hybridization with sir cDNA probes were established. Results:The RT-PCR reaction and RNA hybridization was used to test five kinds of Cytokine mRNAs expressed 20 tumor cell lines on mRNAs were expressed in eleven Cell lines;The mRNAs in eight cell lines. Conclusion:The preliminary results suggested that RT-PCR and RNA hybridizationnight be used to test Th1/Th2 cytokine gene expression.

Clinical tutor system is a unique exploration and practice with characteristics of our school,which has been carried out in the process of clinical course learning and clinical practice among eight-year-program clinical majors.Through analyzing and summarizing the implementation among 2005 and 2006 grade students,we found that the clinical tutor played an active role in cultivating students' clinical thoughts and personal ethics and in improving clinical ability and scientific ability.However,some problem were existed in tutors themselves-specialized major,busy,unclear cultivation objective,etc.Therefore,further improvement of the system was needed in order to better meet the needs of the eight-year-program medical talent training and to provide related references.

Objective To study the effects of cultivation methods on growth dynamics in the aerial part and root of Angelica sinensis and Ditylenchus destructor, rate of early bolting, and yield of A. sinensis as well. Methods Compared with conventional planting, ridge planting, furrow planting, white plastic mulch coverage, and black plastic mulch coverage were used to evaluate the effects of cultivation methods on dry matter accumulating and growth dynamics of A. sinensis. Results The influence of black plastic mulch coverage to growth dynamics of A. sinensis is the biggest, next for white plastic mulch coverage. There is the best inhibition to D. destructor under ridge planting. Black plastic mulch coverage can enhance the rate of early bolting. The treatment of black plastic mulch coverage has the highest yield, which can increase the yield by 33.4% (4 650 kg/hm2) compared to conventional planting; next for the treatment of white plastic mulch coverage, which increased the yield by 24.3% (3 372.2 kg/hm2) compared to conventional planting. But there were no significant effects of ridge planting and furrow planting on increasing yield. Conclusion The cultivation methods of black plastic mulch coverage should be brought into wide use in A. sinensis cultivation.

In order to investigate the application of standard score in the examination of eight-year program's clinical practice and to keep consistency of learning level among groups, we translate the original scores into standard scores and discuss the results and how to define the excellent grade so that the scores may have more comparability.

Objective: To study the effects of rapid eye movement sleep (REMS) deprivation on active behavior and the expression of mRNA coding for inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) of hypothalamus in rats. Methods: The flower pot technique was adopted to deprive the REMS of Sprague Dawley rats for 24 h, 48 h and 72 h respectively. The active behavior of rats were examined by the open field test (OFT). The expression of mRNA coding for iNOS of hypothalamus in rats was assayed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT PCR). Results: The OFT scores were significantly increased in rats subjected to 24 h and 48 h REMS deprivation ( P 0.05). There was no difference in the expression of iNOS mRNA among 24 h, 48 h REMS deprivation and the control groups, but the expression was significantly increased in 72 h REMS deprivation group ( P

Objective To analyze the incidence of cerebral vasospasm (CVS) in patients with traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage(t-SAH), time windows of CVS as well as the risk factors. Method A total of 98 patients,with t -SAH admitted from June 2007 to December 2008, were enrolled for this prospective study. The hemodynamics of middle cerebral artery (MCA) in these patients was monitored with trancranial Doppler (TCD) daily for 7 days after admission and on the 14th day of hospital stay. The incidence of cerebral vasospasm (CVS) in patients with traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (t-SAH) ,time windows of CVS as well as the risk factors were analyzed. Results Of them, 41 patients (41.8%) had CVS. The flow velocity of MCA in patients with GCS≤ 8 was significantly higher than that in patients with GCS≥9. Classified by t-SAH cumulative blood Hijdra method, 2(4.44%) of 45 patients(45.9%)with scores 6 or less,9 (29.0%)of 31 patients (37.8%) with scores 6～ 13,and 8 (36.4%) of 22 patients (20.0%)with scores 13 or more had CVS. Severe CVS occurred in 13 (35. 1% )of 37 surgical patients (37.8%), and local cerebral infarction occurred in four surgical patients after symptomatic treatment. The flow velocity of the MCA was significantly higher in surgical patients than that in non-surgical patients 3 days after admission. Conclusions The severity of original trauma, bleeding, location of t-SAH and operation are the major risk factors to lead to CVS in patients with t-SAH. Attention should he paid to those risk factors during the treatment of patients with t-SAH.

Objective To evaluate surgical resection combined with RFA and TACE for multiple hepatocellular carcinoma.Methods Between 2010 and 2013, 27 multiple hepatocellular carcinoma cases were treated with surgical resection combined with RFA and TACE.The clinical data and postoperative complications were observed.Results Left lateral lobectomy was performed in 4 patients, left hemihepatectomy was performed in 8 patients, right liver resection was performed in 3 patients, irregular right liver resection was performed in 12 patients.The operation time was (223 ± 77) min, The intraoperative bleeding was (435 ± 144) ml.There were not postoperative severe complications, such as hepatic hematoma, liver abscess, intraabdominal hemorrhage, liver failure.Unresected focus uderwent complete necrosis or liquefaction in the RFA regions as shown by CT scanning after 1 month in 24 patients.Postoperative, TACE was performed regularly in all the patients.Lipiodol deposition on the margin of RFA regions was found in 3 patients.After a year, new foci were found in 9 cases.Patients were followed-up from 8-39 months.The median survival time after operation was 26.3 months.The survival rates were 92％, 60％, 15％, respectively after 1, 2, 3 year.Conclusions For patients with multiple hepatocellular carcinoma, surgical resection combined with RFA and TACE was safe and effective.