Purpose To observe the change of renal parenchyma elasticity in patients with chronic glomerulonephritis (CGN), and to explore the value of acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) in the assessment of renal histological damages in CGN. Materials and Methods 123 patients with CGN and 27 healthy volunteers were enrolled, CGN patients were divided into three groups according to renal histologic scores: mildly, moderately, and severely impaired. Shear wave velocities (SWV) of the renal parenchyma were measured and compared in different groups, the correlation between the SWV measurements and renal fibrosis Katafuchi scores, serum creatinine (Scr) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (e-GFR) was accessed, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves analyses were also performed to assess the value of ARFI for the diagnosis of pathology impairment degree in CGN. Results There were statistically significant differences in SWV measurements between each CGN patient group and the control group (F=16.592, P<0.01); the mean SWV in patients with severe kidney impairment was significant lower than that of mildly impaired, moderately impaired, and the control groups (P<0.001). SWV measurements correlated significantly with renal fibrosis Katafuchi scores (r=-0.481, P<0.01), Scr (r=-0.441, P<0.01), and e-GFR (r=0.546, P<0.01); ROC analyses indicated that the sensitivity was 63.4%, 71.4%, 93.8%, specificity was 77.8%, 71.3%, 79.9%, and the area under the curve was 0.730, 0.738 and 0.870, when using the optimal cut-off value of 2.65 m/s for the diagnosis of mildly impaired kidneys, 2.50 m/s for moderately impaired kidneys, and 2.34 m/s for severely impaired kidneys, respectively. Conclusion ARFI is expected to become an effective tool for non-invasive evaluating of renal histological fibrosis in CGN patients.

Bladder cancer is one of the common malignant tumors of the urinary system, and the results of conventional diagnosis and treatment methods are not satisfactory at this stage.In recent years, photodynamic technology has been applied in the diagnosis and treatment of bladder cancer due to its rapid development, and its effect has been widely recognized in clinical practice. Photodynamic diagnosis (PDD) has shown value in the diagnosis of bladder cancer, and compared with white light cystoscopy (WLC), blue light cystoscopy (BLC) has higher sensitivity and specificity, and is better suitable for the diagnosis of minor lesions and hidden lesions such as CIS, but it is expensive and time-consuming.Non-invasive targeted photodynamic diagnostic techniques using urine as a sample are beginning to show potential; PDD-guided TURBT has better diagnostic sensitivity and surgical precision. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an ideal treatment modality for bladder cancer.New photosensitizers have been developed, and two-photon PDT technology, intermittent and rhythmic PDT technology have been applied, which can help to reduce the number of PDT operations and reduce additional trauma while improving the efficacy.Some scholars have tried to use nanotechnology to combine PDT with chemotherapy drugs to further improve the efficacy.Monoclonal antibodies, antibody fragments, protein scaffolds, peptides and small molecule targeted molecular tracers have different characteristics, and new combination therapy methods are being researched and developed, bringing new opportunities for bladder cancer treatment.