Objective: To explore the expression and gene amplification status of human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) in the different stages of invasive urothelial bladder carcinoma. Methods:Tumor tissues from 49 patients with different stages of invasive urothelial bladder carcinoma were tested by immunohistochemical staining for HER2 and HER2 gene fluorescence in situ hybridization. Results:The number of male patients was higher than that of females. The positive rate of HER2 protein expression was higher in the patients with the higher stage of invasive urothelial bladder carcinoma. However, no gene amplification was observed in all patients. Twelve patients had ployploid chromosome 17. More ployploids were observed in the patients with the higher stage of inva-sive urothelial bladder carcinoma. Conclusion:The increase in the protein expression of HER2 in the invasive urothelial bladder carci-noma patients was not caused by gene amplification. Other transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms were probably involved in the regulation of the HER2 protein.

Objective To investigate the role of interferon regulatory factor-1 (IRF-1) in liver ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury and its underlying mechanism,and identify effective managements in alleviating liver IR injury.Methods Three groups of mice models with liver IR injury were well established,including control group (S),warm liver IR injury group (IR) and recombinant IRF-1 group (IRF-1).The levels of mRNA and protein,liver function and pathological changes of liver tissue were detected in group S and group IR.Additionally,the marker of IRF-1,p-Stat1,p-P38,PARP1 and Caspase-3 were measured and PCNA expression was determined in group IR and group IRF-1 mice with 6-hour liver IR injury.Results IRF-1 mRNA and protein and the levels expression of proteins were significantly elevated with peak occurred after 6-hour IR injury,which was statistic difference compare to the group S (t2h =-3.512,t6h =-4.247,t12h =-4.088,t24h =-3.851;P ＜ 0.05).Serum ALT and AST of mice detected in group IR were higher than group S at all endpoints (tALT =4.931,4.592,4.277,4.809;tAST =4.980,4.617,4.336,4.915;P ＜ 0.05).Furthermore,pathological damage change was more distinct compared with group S.The elevated levels of IRF-1,p-Statl,p-P38,PARP1 and Caspase-3 and decreased PCNA expression were determined in mice models with recombinant IRF-1 intervention.Conclusion IRF-1 expression could be closely correlated with liver IR injury,and its underlying mechanism may be attributed to activation of JNK MAPK protein and inhibition of PCNA expression.

Objective To explore the clinical significance of adenosine deaminase ( ADA) in pleural ef-fusion for diagnosis of tuberculosis pleuritis in children. Methods The level of ADA in pleural effusion was ret-rospectively analyzed in 28 cases with purulent pleuritis,thirty-four cases with mycoplasma pneumoniae pleuri-tis,forty-five cases with tuberculosis pleuritis from July 2011 to January 2014 in Beijing Children′s Hospital Af-filiated to Capital Medical University. Results The level of ADA in three groups was expressed by median (range interquartile). ADA in the purulent pleuritis group [126. 35 (76. 80,178. 13)U/L]was higher than the group of mycoplasma pneumoniae pleuritis [ 55. 55 ( 42. 80, 79. 03 ) U/L ] and tuberculosis pleuritis [ 26. 50 (22. 05,50. 95)U/L]. The difference was statistically significant (P< 0. 01). The cut-off value of pleural effu-sion ADA for diagnosis of tuberculosis pleuritis is not available by application of ROC curve. Conclusion Higher ADA value is not only the characteristic of tuberculosis pleuritis,but also purulent pleuritis and mycoplas-ma pneumoniae pleuritis. ADA has no clinical value in diagnosis of tuberculosis pleuritis in children.

Objective To investigate effects of interleukin-35 (IL-35) on proliferation,invasion and migration of a HepG2 cell line in vitro.Methods Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to determine peripheral blood expression levels of IL-35 in hepatocellular carcinoma patients and in normal healthy subjects.The effects of exogenous IL-35 on cell proliferation activity of HepG2 in vitro were measured using CCK-8 assay.The transwell invasion and scratch test were used to study the invasive and migration abilities.Results The content of IL-35 protein in hepatocellular carcinoma patients (HCC) was significantly higher than in healthy individuals [(118.45 ±28.66) ng/L vs (39.56 ± 11.15) ng/L,P ＜0.05].Exogenous IL-35 significantly promoted proliferation,invasion and migration abilities of HepG2 cells in vitro (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The level of IL-35 was elevated significantly in hepatocellular carcinoma patients.IL-35 had biological characteristics of promoting HCC cell proliferation,invasion and migration.

Objective:To study the effect of microRNA (miR)-330-3p on hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) in mice, meanwhile, and to determine potential molecular mechanism.Methods:Eighty male C57BL/6 mice, aged 7-8 weeks, 23-25 g, specific pathogen free, were randomly divided into 8 groups (10 mice in each group) using random number table: reperfusion 2 h group, 6 h group, 12 h group, 24 h group, sham group, miR-330-3p agomir group (preoperative injection of agonist), miR-330-3p antagomir group (preoperative injection of inhibitor) and miRNA-NC group. Except for the sham group, the hepatic IRI model were established in mice. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Western blot and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the expression of miR-330-3p and phosphoglycerate mutase family member 5 (PGAM5), cleave caspase-1 and GSDMD. Luciferase reporter assay was performed to investigate whether miR-330-3p directly targets PGAM5. At the same time, AML12 cells were also treated with miR-330-3p mimics/inhibitor or PGAM5 siRNA, then the expression of PGAM5, NLRP3, cleave caspase-1 and GSDMD were detected by Western blot analysis.Results:Level of miR-330-3p gradually decreased after reperfusion, however, mRNA level of PGAM5 was increased thereafter ( P<0.05) as compared with the sham group. Serum level of AST and ALT were decreased in miR-330-3p agomir group while that of were increased in miR-330-3p antagomir group as a function of time following reperfusion, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). Cleave caspase-1 expression was decreased in miR-330-3p agomir group but was increased in miR-330-5p antagomir group ( P<0.05). Luciferase reporter assay was performed to determine PGAM5 was a target gene of miR-330-3p. SiRNA-mediated knockdown of PGAM5 decreased level of GAM5 (0.24±0.09), NLRP3(0.12±0.07), cleave caspase-1 (0.15±0.07) and GSDMD (1.08±0.08) as compared with the siRNA-NC group (1.17±0.14), (0.36±0.09), (0.68±0.09), (1.36±0.08), and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). Conclusion:MiR-330-3p can alleviate hepatic IRI in mice, which may be related to inhibition of PGAM5-induced pyroptosis.

Objeetive To analyze the clinical efficacy of liver transplantation (OLT) for patients with hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS).Methods From 2008 to 2013,420 adult patients underwent liver transplantation in our hospital.There were 91 patients with,and 329 patients without,HPS.The 5-year survival and mortality rates after OLT for the two groups were retrospectively analyzed.Results There were no significant differences between patients without and with HPS in age,primary disease,Child-Pugh score,MELD score,cold ischemia time and warm ischemia time.However,the differences on serum albumin [(29.6 ± 1.2) g/L vs.(26.4 ± 1.6) g/L] and blood oxygen pressure [(61.0 ±9.0) mmHg (1 mmHg =0.133 kPa) vs.(87.0 ± 6.0) mmHg] were significantly different (P ＜ 0.05).The 1-year cure rate was 65.9％ (60/91) in 91 patients with HPS after liver transplantation.The 1,3,5-year cumulative survival rates for patients without HPS were 97.3％,90.9％ and 80.3％,respectively,and the main causes of death were primary graft dysfunction,recurrent cardiovascular events and primary disease recurrence or tumors.The 1,3,5-year cumulative survival rates for patients with HPS were 65.9％,59.3％ and 56.0％,and the main causes of death were multiple-organ failure,pulmonary infection and cerebrovascular events.Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis showed that the survival of patients with HPS was significantly lower than that of patients without HPS (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Liver transplantation is the most effective treatment for patients with HPS,but the short-term mortality rate is relatively high.We still need to learn more about HPS to improve the survival rate of patients with HPS after liver transplantation.

Objective To observe the effect of Shenqi Fuzheng injection combined with chemotherapy on reducing the side effects of malignant tumor chemotherapy. Methods Eighty cancer patients in Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of PLA General Hospital from January 2015 to March 2017 were randomly divided into treatment group and control group by using random number table method, each group contained 40 cases. The patients in the treatment group were given Shenqi Fuzheng injection combined with chemotherapy, while the control group used chemotherapy only. Results The incidence of WBC and Plt reduction in the treatment group [35.0 % (14/40), 32.5 % (13/40)] was lower than those in the control group [70.0 % (28/40), 57.5 % (23/40)], and the differences were statistically significant (χ 2= 9.825, P = 0.002;χ2=5.051, P=0.025). The incidence rates of digestive tract reaction and oral ulcers[52.5 %(21/40), 32.5 % (13/40)]were lower than those in the control group[75.0 %(30/40), 60.0 %(24/40)], and the differences were statistically significant (χ2= 4.381, P = 0.036; χ2= 6.084, P = 0.014). The quality of life in the treatment group was significantly improved compared with the control group [(51.4 ±5.1) points vs. (48.3±5.5) points], and the difference was statistically significant(t =2.595,P =0.011). Conclusions Shenqi Fuzheng injection combined with chemotherapy can reduce chemotherapy-induced side effects and improve the life quality of the patients.The injection can be used as the adjuvant therapy for chemotherapy in clinic application.

Objective To investigate a new strategy of bone marrow transplantation (BMT) for donor-specific tolerance induction after heart transplantation. Methods Donor bone marrow cells (BMCs)were harvested simultaneously with donor cardiac graft using modified perfusion method (PM) ,then stored in a -80 ℃ refrigerator after filtration and centrifugation. Whole BMCs (IBM-BMT) (monocytes 1.2 ×107/kg,CD34+ cells 2.38× 105/kg) in host iliac bones were injected into the bone marrow cavity 40 days after heart transplantation. Preconditoning regimens that consisted of fludarabine, antithymoctye globin and total lymphoid irradiation were performed 3 days before BMT. Tacrolimus (Tac) was administrated intravenously after BMT or orally in conjunction with mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) 3 weeks later.Cyclosporine and MMF were orally administrated 6 weeks later. Donor chimerism was detected using short tandem repeats-polymerase chain reaction in monocytes from peripheral blood at the 2nd,4th, 8th or 12th week after BMT or BMCs at the 4th, 8th or 12th week after BMT. Intramyocardium electrocardiography examination or endomyocardial biopsy was performed weekly or monthly respectively. Mixed lymphocyte reactions (MLR) were performed 3 months after BMT. Results Donor chimerism in monocytes in peripheral blood or BMCs in iliac bones measured at the 1 st,2nd and 3rd month after BMT was 26.3%, 19.1%,4.8% ,and 46.3%, 24.4%, 7.6%, respectively. After 3-month follow-up, there was no rejection confirmed by endomyocardial biopsy or intramyocardium electrocardiography. Echocardiography revealed that the diastolic and systolic function of the cardiac graft was maintained well 3 months after BMT. MLR revealed donor-specific hyporesponsiveness while immunocompetence was preserved to third-party antigens. Conclusion These findings indicate that the two-stage BMT strategy is a safe and feasible method for the induction of donor-specific tolerance via stable mixed chimerism and needs to be further confirmed after a long-term observation.

Objective: To explore mechanism of lung injury of rats induced by inhalation of white smoke from burning smoke pot. Methods: Forty-eight Sprague Dawley rats were divided into control group (n=12) and injury group (n=36) according to the random number table. Rats in injury group were placed in smoke-induced injury experimental equipment fulled with white smoke from burning smoke pot for 5 minutes to make lung injury, and rats in control group were placed in smoke-induced injury experimental equipment fulled with air for 5 minutes to make sham injury. Six rats in injury group at post injury hour (PIH) 6, 24, and 72 and six rats in control group at PIH 72 were collected to observe pathological changes of lung tissue and pathological score of rats in the two groups by hematoxylin-eosin staining, to detect expression of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65 mRNA in lung tissue of rats by reverse transcriptional polymerase chain reaction, and to detect content of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin 1β (IL-1β), and IL-6 in lung tissue of rats by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Data were processed with one-way analysis of variance and t test. Results: At PIH 72, lung tissue structure of rats in control group was clear and complete, with no inflammatory cell infiltration. At PIH 6, there was edema, hemorrhage, and inflammatory cell infiltration in lung tissue of rats in injury group. At PIH 24, edema, hemorrhage, and inflammatory cell infiltration in lung tissue of rats in injury group aggravated. At PIH 72, area of edema in lung tissue of rats in injury group was enlarged, with obvious hemorrhage and inflammatory cell infiltration. At PIH 6, 24, and 72, pathological score of lung tissue of rats in injury group was (3.43±0.86), (5.39±0.93), and (9.99±0.84) points, respectively, obviously higher than that of rats in control group at PIH 72 [(2.11±0.20) points, t=3.659, 8.450, 22.355, P<0.05]. As time post injury prolonged, pathological scores of lung tissue of rats in injury group were significantly increased (F=121.244, P<0.01). At PIH 6, 24, and 72, expression of NF-κB p65 mRNA in lung tissue of rats in injury group was 15.5±4.3, 25.9±1.8, 30.9±3.5 respectively, significantly higher than that of rats in control group at PIH 72 (7.8±0.8, t=4.315, 20.445, 14.408, P<0.01). As time post injury prolonged, expression of NF-κB p65 mRNA in lung tissue of rats in injury group gradually increased (F=32.691, P<0.01). At PIH 6, 24, and 72, content of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in lung tissue of rats in injury group was significantly higher than that of rats in control group at PIH 72, respectively (t=7.650, 8.968, 6.827, 6.726, 8.978, 3.460, 5.420, 13.289, 16.438, P<0.01). At PIH 24, content of TNF-α and IL-1β in lung tissue of rats in injury group was higher than that of rats in the same group at PIH 6 and 72, respectively (t=3.409, -2.549, 4.047, -4.100, P<0.05). At PIH 24 and 72, content of IL-6 in lung tissue of rats in injury group was respectively higher than that of rats in the same group at PIH 6 (t=8.273, 9.711, P<0.05). Conclusions After inhaling white smoke from burning smoke pot, rats are inflicted with lung injury by increasing expression of NF-κB p65 mRNA and content of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, and induce pathological changes of edema, hemorrhage, and inflammatory cell infiltration of lung tissue.

Myocardial fibrosis is a common pathological manifestation of various heart diseases,with hidden onset and the possibility of evolving into irreversible heart failure.Currently,there is still insufficient diagnosis and treatment of myocardial fibrosis.Traditional Chinese medicine can regulate myocardial fibrosis at multiple levels,targets,and pathways,and has significant advantages in treating myocardial fibrosis.Its underlying mechanisms are worth further exploration.The theory of"yang generating qi,yin constituting the body"in Huangdi Neijing embodies the meaning of yin and yang,containing a profound outlook on life and disease.Pathological changes in the initial,progressive,and final stages of myocardial fibrosis conform to the yin-yang theory of"yang generating qi,yin constituting the body".Insufficient yang generating qi and excessive yin constituting the body constitutes the core pathogenesis of myocardial fibrosis.This article proposes a treatment approach for myocardial fibrosis by tonifying yang and abating yin.The treatment of warming yang,unblocking yang,removing blood stasis,resolving phlegm,detoxifying,and promoting diuresis is applied to broaden the clinical treatment approach for myocardial fibrosis.