Biliary tract carcinomas (BTC) is characterized by high hetergenity. Despite being classified as rare cancers worldwide, the incidence of biliary tract carcinomas is increasing in China due to significant geographic variation. The current global needs for the treatment of BTC are far from being met, with advanced chemotherapy providing only limited survival benefits. Molecular targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and drug combination therapy have begun to flourish in recent years as its genetic characteristics are gradually revealed. This review summarized the therapeutically important targets of BTC, such as fibroblast growth factor receptor, isocitrate dehydrogenase and neurotrophic tyrosine receptor kinase as well as the advances in the research and development of their inhibitors, and prospects for precision targeted therapy for BTC.

Biliary tract cancers (BTC) are highly heterogeneous tumours. Currently, the global demand for advanced BTC treatment is far from being met, and the survival benefit from advanced chemotherapy is limited. In recent years, with the rise of precision treatment, there are more and more treatment options available for advanced BTC. Human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) inhibitors, including monoclonal antibodies, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, antibody drug conjugates, and bispecific antibodies, have been explored in BTC. This article reviews the research progress and prospects of HER2 inhibitors in BTC in recent years, so as to provide a better clinical guidance.