Objective Since the discovery of multiple bioactivities of agarobiose oligomers, the establishment of quantitative analysis of agarobiose oligomers obtained under different hydrolysis modes would be of much importance. Methods Agarobiose oligomers ranged from biose, tetraose, hexaose, octaose, to decaose were isolated and purified by gel chromatography on Sephadex column. The agarobiose oligomers were separated in RP-HPLC after introducing ?-naphthylamine into compounds. Results Each oligomer could be quantified with good linearity and the lowest detection limit reached 0.1～2 ?g?mL -1. The chromatograms profiles under different hydrolysis modes(HCl, citric acid, solid acid, and hydroxyl radical degradation)showed that the content of agarobiose could reach more than 57.8 % using solid acid hydrolysis with best yield of 33.2 % . While HCl could degrade agar into a series of agaro-oligosaccharides from biose to decaose. The yield of oligosaccharides was low if hydrated by citric acid. The method of Fenton degradation could increase the speed of hydrolysis, but the products were more complex. Conclusion The method established here could be useful for analysis of hydrolysates of oligomers under different hydrolysis modes.

Objective: To study the inhibition effect of agaro-oligosaccharide (AOS) on neovascularization and its mechamism. Method: The anti-angiogenic effect in vivo was evaluated on chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model. Cytotoxic activity of AOS was demonstrated by inhibition of several human cell lines by MTT assay. The apoptosis of HUVECs induced by AOS was examined by Hoechst staining assay and quantified by flowcytometry. Results: In CAM, AOS caused dose-dependent decrease on the vascular density and adversely affected capillary plexus formation. Different cytotoxic sensitivities were observed for AOS towards several kinds of cell lines, and HUVECs were more sensitive. Moreover, the growth inhibitory activity was correlated with induction of apoptosis. Flowcytometric analysis also revealed that AOS arrested the cell cycle progression at S phase. Conclusion: Agaro-oligosaccharide possesses the anti-angiogenic effects, which are associated with apoptosis induction of endothelial cells.

Objective To observe the effect of electroacupuncture of Siguan on contents of hippocampal monoamine neurotransmitter NE, DA and 5-HT in post-stroke depression rats, and throught it to probe the possible mechanism of anti-depressive.Methods 60 rats were divided into five groups randomly, as the normal group, MCAO group, PSD group, Siguan group, and fluoxetine group. Except the normal group, the rats of other groups were used to establish left side of the MCAO models by modified Longa filament method. PSD model was prepared by living alone in combination with mild stimulation by chronic unpredictable after stroke model success 7 days. The Siguan group was received electroacupuncture at Siguan point, and the fluoxetine group was gastrically perfused with fluoxetine, and all rats were received sugar consumption experiment in different period of treatment. After continuous treatment for 21 days, contents of NE, DA and 5-HT in hippocampal tissue were measured with RP-HPLC-fluorescent method. Results At the seventh day, compared with PSD group, the ratio of sugar water consumption(51.09%± 3.68%vs. 38.97%± 4.07%)has a significant increase in the Siguan group(P<0.01), while no significant changes in the fluoxetine group. At the fourteenth day, the ratio of sugar water consumption(68.25%± 4.69%vs. 39.64%± 4.49%)continued to rise in the Siguan group, the fluoxetine group also had significantly increased compared with the PSD group, the two groups were significantly higher than those in the PSD group (P<0.01), but the Siguan group was higher than that of the fluoxetine group(P<0.01).At the twenty-first day, the ratio of sugar water consumption (41.56%± 2.12%vs. 41.56%± 2.12%)increased further in the Siguan group and the fluoxetine group, which was significantly higher than those in the PSD group (P<0.01), but the Siguan group and fluoxetine group had no obvious difference(P>0.05). Compared with the PSD group,the contents of NE(244.93 ± 44.57 ng/g vs. 129.27 ± 11.68 ng/g), DA(86.80 ± 14.64 ng/g vs.44.22 ± 7.60 ng/g), 5-HT(526.31 ± 54.41 ng/g vs.221.56 ± 39.57 ng/g) in the hippocampus tissues were significantly higher than many in the Siguan group and fluoxetine group(P<0.01), but the difference between the two groups was not obvious(P>0.05). Conclusion The symptoms of PSD rats pleasure disappeared can be improved by electroacupuncture atSiguan. Its mechanism may be related with the increased contents of monoamine neurotransmitters in the hippocampus of rats.

Objective To evaluate the pancreaticojejunostomy procedures selection strategy in pancreaticoduodenectomy.Methods The clinical data of 455 patients who received pancreaticoduodenectomy at the Xijing Hospital from June 2007 to June 2012 were retrospectively analyzed.For patients with pancreatic duct diameter≥4 mm,duct-to-mucosa pancreaticojejunostomy(DMPJ)was applied(DMPJ group,210 cases).For patients with pancreatic duct diameter ＜ 4 mm,modified Child pancreaticojejunostomy was applied to 140 patients(modified Child group)whose jejunal end was smaller than the pancreatic stump,and binding pancreaticojejunostomy was applied to 105 patients(binding group)whose jejunal end was bigger than or equal to the pancreatic stump.The clinical efficacy and incidence of postoperative complications were compared among the 3 groups.The count data and measurement data were analyzed by chi-square test and t test,respectively.Results The pancreatic duct diameter of the DMPJ group was(4.4 ± 0.7)mm,which was significantly bigger than(2.8 ± 0.6)mm of the modified Child group and(2.3 ± 0.7)mm of the binding group(t =2.25,2.48,P ＜ 0.05).The diameter of the pancreatic stump of the modified Child group was(36 ± 5)mm,which was significantly bigger than(21 ± 6)mm of the binding group(t =21.65,P ＜ 0.05).The overall incidence of pancreatic leakage was 8.4％(38/455).There were no significant differences in the incidences of pancreatic leakage,peritoneal bleeding,abdominal infection,digestive dysfunction rate and the mean duration of hospital stay among the 3 groups(x2 =0.53,0.88,1.63,5.34,F =2.53,P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Pancreaticojejunostomy procedure selection strategy based on the diameters of pancreatic duct and pancreatic stump could obtain good clinical efficacy and is appropriate.

Objective To study effects of oligo-peptide I-C-F-6 in carapax trionycis on rats with liver fibrosis induced by CCl4;To discuss its anti-liver fibrosis effects and possible mechanisms. Methods Forty-eight SD male rats were randomly divided into normal control group, model group, bifendate group, and oligo-peptide I-C-F-6 group, 12 in each group.CCl4 was injected intraperitoneally to build rat liver fibrosis model.Oligo-peptide I-C-F-6 group and bifendate group were given subcutaneous injection of oligo-peptide I-C-F-6 (0.12μg/g) or bifendate (0.12μg/g). At the same time, normal control group and model group were giventhe same volume of saline for seven weeks. The levels ofALT, AST,MDA, SOD, IL-4, IL-10 and TNF-α were tested.The histomorphology changes were observed under optical microscopeby HE, and the expressions of transforming growth TGF-β1 were determined by immunohistochemistry.Results Compared with model group, serum levels of ALT and AST were reduced evidently in oligo-peptide I-C-F-6 group. Hepatic content of MDA, IL-4 and TNF-α decreased, while SOD activity and IL-10 were found significantly increased. Liver fibrosis was ameliorated significantly. Hepatic expressions of TGF-β1 were weakly positive.Conclusion Oligo-peptide I-C-F-6 can ameliorate hepatocyte damage of model rats, thus it has anti-oxidative and anti-liver fibrosis effects on liver fibrosis in rats.

Modern medical imaging techniques,such as computed tomorgraphy (CT),magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and position emission tomorgraphy/computed tomorgraphy (PET-CT) can accurately delineate the gross target volume (GTV) of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Comparison of postoperative pathological subclinical lesions,imaging and clinical parameters contributes to the precise delineation of clinical target volume (CTV).Moreover,radiotherapy-assisted techniques,such as fourdimensional computed tomography (4DCT),compression of abdomen,active breathing control and respiratory gating,can minimize the internal target volume (ITV).In addition,immobilization with vacuum cushion and body membrane can reduce the set-up error,minimize the planning target volume (PTV) and avoid or decrease the irradiation error or missing irradiation.All these approach can minimize the target volume,elevate the dose and reduce the complications during radiotherapy for HCC.In this article,the research progress on the target delineation for external beam radiotherapy in HCC patients was reviewed.

Surgical resection or liver transplantation are the primary curative treatments for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).However, a minority of patients are eligible for these treatment strategies upon initial diagnosis.With the development of radiotherapy technol-ogy,radiotherapy is being used increasingly in the treatment of HCC.A large number of studies have shown that external beam radio-therapy has obvious advantages for different stages of HCC.Stereotactic radiotherapy provides an alternative to radiofrequency abla-tion in the treatment of early unresectable HCC,and radiotherapy combined with other local or systemic treatments,including trans-catheter arterial chemoembolization and sorafenib,has been applied for the treatment of locally advanced and distant metastatic le-sions.The particle beam has the advantages of Bragg peak and better dose distribution compared to conventional radiography,show-ing promising prospect in clinical application.This review focuses on the developments in the field of external beam radiotherapy in the treatment of HCC.

Ninety-one patients over 60 year old with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) were selected from our outpatient department. The patients of experimental group uploaded their blood glucose data detected with glucometers, and obtained integrated management called " Mobile Health(M-health)" management such as medicines,diet,exercise from medical groups. The patients of control group got medical care in a traditional way without receiving other interventions. Regular follow-up was conducted in 2 groups every 3 months. The results showed that 3 months later,postprandial 2h plasma glucose in the experimental group was significantly improved compared with that of control group (P<0.05). Six months later, postprandial 2h plasma glucose and HbA1Clevels in the experimental group showed a decline comparing to the baseline, showing a statistical significance compared with control group(P<0.05). These results suggest that smartphone-based telemedicine is helpful of blood glucose control in elderly T2DM patients.

Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of intravenous thrombolysis with different doses of alteplase in the treatment of acute cerebral infarction in older adult patients.Methods:A total of 65 older adult patients with acute cerebral infarction (onset within 4.5 hours, age ≥ 75 years) who underwent intravenous thrombolysis in Wenzhou Central Hospital from February 2021 to February 2022 were included in this study. They were randomly assigned to undergo intravenous thrombolysis with either low dose alteplase (0.6 mg/kg, low dose group, n = 32) or standard dose alteplase (0.9 mg/kg, standard dose group, n = 33). The National Institutes of Health Neurological Stroke Scale score before and 24 and 48 hours after treatment, modified Rankin scale score before and 7, 14 and 90 days after treatment, serum C-reactive protein (CRP), neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels before and 24 hours after treatment, 24-hour incidence of intracranial hemorrhage, 24-hour incidence of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage, and 90-day mortality were compared between the two groups. Results:Compared with before treatment, the National Institutes of Health Neurological Stroke Scale scores in each group were significantly decreased at 24 and 48 hours after treatment (low dose group, t24 h = 6.78, t48 h = 7.86; standard dose group: t24 h = 8.09, t48 h = 10.13, all P < 0.001). Compared with before treatment, the modified Rankin scale score in each group was significantly decreased at 7, 14 and 90 days after treatment (low-dose group: t7 d = 5.19, t14 d = 8.47, t90 d = 9.85; standard dose group: t7 d = 6.83, t14 d = 7.74, t90 d = 13.66, all P < 0.001). At 24 hours after treatment, serum levels of CRP, NSE, TNF-α in each group were significantly decreased (low-dose group: tCRP = 5.13 , tNSE = 4.22, tTNF-α = 34.29; standard dose group: tCRP = 4.87, tNSE = 5.53, tTNF-α = 31.98, all P < 0.001). At each time point after treatment, there were no significant differences in these indices between the two groups (all P > 0.05). The 24-hour incidence of intracranial hemorrhage in the low dose group was significantly lower than that in the standard dose group ( χ2 = 4.58, P = 0.032). There were no significant differences in incidence of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage and 90-day mortality between the two groups (all P > 0.05). Conclusion:Intravenous thrombolysis with low dose alteplase (0.6 mg/kg) for the treatment of acute cerebral infarction in older adult patients exhibits equivalent clinical efficacy to that with standard dose alteplase (0.9 mg/kg), and the former is much safer than the latter.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, relapsable and pruritic skin disease, commonly found in children and adolescents. The prevalence of AD is increasing worldwide. It is reported that AD is related to many factors such as genetic inheritance, environment, immunity and skin barrier dysfunction, suggesting a very complex pathogenesis. In recent years, high-throughput technologies in the field of genomics and metabolomics have opened up new perspectives on the pathogenesis of AD, and shown potential application prospects in microbiome transplantation therapies for AD. This review summarized the current advances in the relationship between skin microecology and skin health, the pathogenesis and microbiomic characteristics of AD, features of pathogenic microorganisms, and microbiome transplantation therapies for AD. Based on our own practical experience, we put forward a culturomics research protocol to study the human skin microbiome and a method for quantitative microbiological examination, aiming to provide reference for the prevention, clinical treatment and therapeutic monitoring of AD.