Objective To evaluate the role of local gyrification index (LGI) in the early diagnosis of Alzheimer disease(AD). Methods Thirty‐five amnestic‐type mild cognitive impairment patients (aMCI group), 34 mild AD patients (mild AD group) and 33 healthy volunteers (normal control group) were studied. All patients underwent high resolution MRI examination and mini‐mental state examination (MMSE). Using surface‐based morphometry, the FreeSurfer was employed to access LGI of vertex over every participant′s whole cortical surface, then we calculated the mean LGI (mLGI) of each subject′s left and right hemisphere separately. Taking age, gender and educational year as covariance, analysis of covariance was used to compare the difference of mLGI of left and right brain among 3 groups, then Bonferroni was done between every two groups. Analysis of covariance was applied to compare the difference of LGI of every participant among 3 groups, and Monte Carlo method was employed to perform multiple comparison corrections. The correlations between the MMSE scores and LGIs of the three groups were analyzed. Results Compared with normal control group(left 3.03±0.12,right 3.02±0.13), the mLGI of hemispheres in mild AD group(left 2.94±0.11,right 2.93±0.10) decreased respectively(P<0.05). The difference of mLGI of hemispheres between aMCI group(left 2.96 ± 0.10, right 2.96 ± 0.09) and normal control group had no statistical significance(P>0.05). The difference of mLGI of hemispheres between aMCI group and mild AD group also had no statistical significance(P>0.05). The aMCI group showed decrease of LGI in some brain regions located at the right temporal lobe, bilateral frontal and parietal lobe compared with the normal control group. While compared with aMCI group, decreased LGIs was presented in some brain regions located at bilateral temporal, occipital, frontal lobe and the right parietal lobe of mild AD group. There was a positive correlation between MMSE scores and LGIs of some brain regions in the bilateral temporal, occipital lobe, the left frontal lobe and the right parietal lobe in the three groups. Conclusion LGI is conductive in the early diagnosis of AD and can serve as an imaging marker for monitoring disease progresses.

Objective To evaluate the safety of Propofol combined with Fentanyl in intravenous anesthesia for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP)in elderly patients.Methods The clinical data of 63 elderly patients aged ≥80 years with common bile duct stones who underwent ERCP in digestive endoscopy center of our hospital were retrospectively analyzed.All the patients were divided into Propofol combined with Fentanyl anesthesia group(group A,n =41)and midazolam combined with Fentanyl anesthesia group(group B,n=22).The changes of blood pressure,heart rate and blood oxygen saturation(SpO2),and postoperative complications were compared between the two groups.Results The incidence of hypotension was higher in Propofol combined with Fentanyl anesthesia group than in midazolam combined with Fentanyl anesthesia group(24.4 ％ vs.0.0％,x2=4.683,P =0.030),but the incidence of SpO2 ＜ 90 ％ in midazolam combined with fentanyl anesthesia group was significantly increased(22.7％ vs.0.0％,x2 =7.250,P =0.007).There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of anesthesia-related complications (39.0％ vs.36.4％,x2 =0.043,P =0.836) and postoperative complications (4.9 ％ vs.4.5 ％,x2 =0.003,P =0.953) between the two groups.Conclusions For elderly patients with common bile duct stones,intravenous anesthesia with Propofol and Fentanyl during ERCP is safe,and blood pressure changes need to be closely monitored.

The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda, is a destructive pest native to America and has recently become an invasive insect pest in China. Because of its rapid spread and great risks in China, understanding of FAW genetic background and pesticide resistance is urgent and essential to develop effective management strategies. Here, we assembled a chromosome-level genome of a male FAW (SFynMstLFR) and compared re-sequencing results of the populations from America, Africa, and China. Strain identification of 163 individuals collected from America, Africa and China showed that both C and R strains were found in the American populations, while only C strain was found in the Chinese and African populations. Moreover, population genomics analysis showed that populations from Africa and China have close relationship with significantly genetic differentiation from American populations. Taken together, FAWs invaded into China were most likely originated from Africa. Comparative genomics analysis displayed that the cytochrome p450 gene family is extremely expanded to 425 members in FAW, of which 283 genes are specific to FAW. Treatments of Chinese populations with twenty-three pesticides showed the variant patterns of transcriptome profiles, and several detoxification genes such as AOX, UGT and GST specially responded to the pesticides. These findings will be useful in developing effective strategies for management of FAW in China and other invaded areas.
Animals ; China ; Genomics ; Humans ; Male ; Pesticides ; Spodoptera/genetics* ; Transcriptome