Objective To study the invasion and proliferation in IEC-6 cells of Toxoplasma gondii RH strain tachyzoites in vitro.Methods T.gondii tachyzoites of RH strain were co-cultured with IEC-6 cells in vitro,the process of cell adhesion,invasion and proliferation by tachyzoites was observed consecutively with inverted microscope.At 5 min,10 min,20 min,30 min,1,2,4,6,12,24 and 48 h after co-culture,the tachyzoite invasion to IEC-6 and intra-cellular proliferation were observed with Giemsa-Wright's staining,respectively.The invasive rate of tachyzoites to IEC-6 was counted.Results T.gondii tachyzoites invaded the IEC-6 cells 5 min after culture,thenceforth the invasive rate increased gradually.The invasive rate was about 55.0% at the first hour after culture with 1-5 tachyzoites in one cell.In the second hour after culture,the rate reached highest with 81.8 % and there were many pseudocysts emerging.At the same time,tachyzoites invaded the cell nucleus and proliferated in the nucleus.At the 4th hour after culture,the invasive rate began to decrease(80.8?9.2)%,the pseudocysts began to break and tachyzoites were released to cluster.The clustering tachyzoites increased significantly at the 6th hour.At the 12th hour the clustering tachyzoites decreased and most tachyzoites were free,the number of complete cells decreased obviously.There were only a few cells and pseudocysts left at the 24th hour,and a great quantity of free tachyzoites existed out of the IEC-6 cells.There were plenty of mobile tachyzoites while none of IEC-6 cells existed after 48 h culture.Conclusion IEC-6 cell may be the suitable target cell of Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoite.The tachyzoites can invade the IEC-6 cells quickly in vitro and proliferate in the plasma and nucleus with a reproductive cycle of about 6 to 12 hrs.

Objective To investigate the effects of exposure to cigarette smoke on the counts and functions of tolerogenic dendritic cells(tDC) and regulatory T cells(Treg) in a mouse model of asthma. Methods Forty female BALB/c mice at age 20 days were randomly allocated into four groups including the normal saline ( NS)/air treatment group, the NS/cigarette smoke ( CS) treatment group, the ovalbumin (OVA)/air treatment group and the OVA/CS treatment group (n=10).A mouse model of asthma was es-tablished by intraperitoneally injecting OVA in an interval of two weeks to cigarette smoke for three weeks. The percentages of Treg cells in PBMCs and the changes of CD80 and CD86 expression on the surface of DCs of the mice in each group were analyzed by flow cytometry analysis.The transcriptional levels of forkhead box P3 ( Foxp3) in lung tissues were measured by real-time quantitative PCR.The levels of IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12p40, IL-17A and TGF-β1 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid ( BALF) samples were measured by ELISA.Results Exposing young mice to cigarette smoke significantly increased the percentages of Treg cells in PBMCs and the expression of Foxp3 at mRNA level in lung tissues of mice with asthma.High levels of TGF-β1 and IL-10 were detected in BALF samples of the heathy mice and those with asthma exposed to CS at a young age.The mice with asthma exposed to CS at an early age showed decreased expression of CD80 and CD86 on the surface of DCs.Lower levels of IL-12p40 and IL-6 and higher levels of IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-17A in BALF samples were observed in mice from the OVA/CS treatment group.Conclusion Expo-sing to cigarette smoke at an early age was involved in the dysfunction of T cell-mediated immune responses in mice with asthma.This study might provide new ideas for the prevention and treatment of asthma.

Objective To detect the levels of IL-1, IL-6,TNF-αand IFN-γin serum and colon tissue of rat mod-els of ulcerative colitis with spleen and kidney Yang deficiency, and to explore their roles in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis ( UC) .Methods The rat model of ulcerative colitis with Yang deficiency of spleen and kidney was induced by perfusion of rhubarb decoction plus intramuscular injection of hydrocortisone and combined with TNBS (2,4,6-trinitro-benzenesulfonic acid) and ethanol enema.Sixty SPF wistar rats ( body weight 180 ±10 g, male:female=1:1) were ran-domly divided into blank control group, UC model with spleen kidney Yang deficiency for 7 days, 14 days and 21 days groups, respectively.The levels of IL-1, IL-6, TNF-αand IFN-γin serum and colon tissue were detected by ELISA.Re-sults Compared with the blank group, the levels of IL-1, IL-6, TNF-αand IFN-γin serum and colon tissue of rat UC model group with spleen kidney Yang deficiency were greatly increased (P<0.05), especially evidently increased in the model group at 21 days.Conclusions The pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1, IL-6, TNF-αand IFN-γplay an important role in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis with syndrome of spleen and kidney Yang deficiency.

Objective To study the ralationship of arrhythmias and heart electrical parameters changes after transcatheter closure of ventricular septal defect (VSD) .Method 50 patients had been successfully finnished the transcatheter closure of ventricular septal defect,and then we observed ralationship of arrhythmias and heart electrical parameters changes. Results (1) Compared with the situation of VSD occluder preoperative and postoperative, during follow-up there were 20 arrhythmia cases, including bundle branch block 16 cases, including the complete left bundle branch block 2 cases,complete right bundle branch block 4 cases,a transient third-degree trioventricular conduction block 1 case, most return to normal in the follow-up. 2 Intracavitary electrogram showed before and after transcatheter closure:A-V conduction parameters A-H,H-V value of (75.10 ± 14.34) ms vs (80.67±23.03) ms and (47.9±12.61) ms vs (50.07±15.23) ms,the difference was not statistically significant ( >0.05) . Conclusions (1) Some patients with new ECG changes after transcatheter closure of VSD, manifested as an increase in bundle branch block in a week, but most return to normal,the prognosis is good. (2) Intraoperative A-H,H-V extension is not related with with postoperative slow arrhythmia;(3) Arrhythmia is a common complication after VSD transcatheler closure, to strictly selecte indications,and to avoid too large diameter are the effective measures to reduce the arrhythmias after transcatheter closure of ventricular septal defect (VSD) .

Objective To study the value of MR diffusion tensor imaging(DTI) in the staging of chronic kidney disease(CKD).Method MR diffusion tensor imaging was used on 26 CKD patients.All patients were diagnosed as CKD according to the criteria of clinical diagnostic.All MR images achieved diagnostic requirements.Diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid(99mTc-DTPA) renal dynamic imaging was used to determine the unilateral renal function.CKD patients were determined as mildly renal impairment group and moderately to severely renal impairment group based on the glomerular filtration rate(GFR).Twenty healthy volunteers underwent DTI at the same time.The cortical and medullary ADC value and FA value were measured in all subjects who underwent conventional MRI and DTI.The paired Student's t test was used to compare the cortico-medullary difference of the mean ADC and FA values in all subjects.The oneway analysis of variance(ANOVA) was carried out to assess the difference among the medullary and cortical diffusion parameters(ADC,FA) of all the three groups,and LSD was used to assess multiple comparisons.The correlation of GFR and ADC value of the patients,and FA value of the patients were tested by Pearson correlation analysis.Results The cortical and medullary ADC values of 46 subjects were(2.25±0.25) × 10-3 and(2.10±0.20) × 10-3 mm2/s respectively,FA of them were(3.48±0.61) and(4.27±0.75) respectively(t =6.754,10.043 respectively; P＜0.01).The cortical ADC values of volunteers,mild renal impairment group,severely renal impairment group were(2.25±0.22) ×10-3,(2.31±0.19) ×103,(2.18±0.32) ×10-3mm2/s respectively.The medullary ADC value of the three groups were(2.09±0.19) × 10-3,(2.17±0.17) × 10-3,(2.06±0.24) × 10-3mm2/s respectively(F=0.968,0.882 respectively; P＞0.05).The cortical FA values of the three groups were 3.85± 0.47,3.18±0.62,3.20±0.52 respectively.The medullary FA of the three groups were 4.92±0.38,3.93±0.57,3.62 ± 0.53(F=8.725,33.705 respectively; P＜0.01).There was no correlation between cortical ADC,medullary ADC,cortical FA of the patients and GFR [(30.14±15.79) ml· min-1 · 1.73 m-2](r =0.243,0.197,0.196 respectively; P＞0.05).There was a positive correlation between medullary FA of the patients and GFR (r=0.556,P=0.003).Conclusion FA value has certain value in evaluating CKD early diagnosis and renal function.

OBJECTIVE: To systematically evaluate therapeutic efficacy and safety of Compound muni ziqi granules in the adjuvant treatment of chloasma, and to provide evidence-based reference for clinical treatment. METHODS; Retrieved from Chinese Journal Full-text Database (CJFD), China Scientific Journal Database (CSJD), Wanfang database, Medline and Embase, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) about therapeutic efficacy (total response rate, cure rate, the decrease level of E2, FSH and LH in serum) and safety of Compound muni ziqi granules alone or combined with routine drug (trial group) vs. routine drug (control group) in the treatment of chloasma were collected. Meta-analysis was conducted by using Rev Man 5. 3 statistical software after data extraction of clinical studies meeting inclusion criteria and quality evaluation with Cochrane systematic evaluator manual 5. 1. 0. RESULTS: Totally 12 RCTs were enrolled, involving 1 100 patients. Results of Meta-analysis showed that total response rate [OR=2. 84, 95％CI(2. 20, 3. 67), P<0. 001], cure rate [OR=2. 11, 95％CI(1. 59, 2. 79),P<0. 001],decrease level of Ez [OR=-98. 64, 95％ CI (-110. 84, -86. 44), P <0. 001], decrease level of FSH [OR=-1. 85, 95％CI(-2. 58,-1. 11),P<0. 001] and decrease level of LH [OR= - 5. 85, 95％ CI (-6. 83, -4. 87), P<0. 001] in trial group were significantly better than control group, with statistical significance. In trial group, a few patients suffered from the increase of menstruation, the decrease of menstruation, temporary pigmentation and transient burnout; but all symptoms did not affect the treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Compound muni ziqi granules show definite clinical efficacy and good response rate in the adjuvant treatment of chloasma with mild ADR.

Objective:To evaluate the clinical efficacy of rituximab injection combined with CHOP regimen (cyclophosphamide+doxorubicin+vincristine+prednisolone) in the treatment of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL).Methods:One hundred and twenty patients with DLBCL who treatment in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from June 2019 to June 2022 were selected as the study object. They were randomly divided into the study group (60 cases) and the control group (60 cases). The control group was treated with CHOP regimen, and the study group was treated with rituximab injection on the basis of CHOP regimen. The clinical efficacy, inflammatory reaction, immune function and adverse reaction were evaluated after 6 courses of treatment.Results:After treatment, the total clinical effective rate in the study group was higher than that in the control group: 88.33%(53/60) vs. 70.00%(42/60), there was statistical difference ( χ2 = 6.11, P<0.05). Before treatment, the levels of serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the two groups had no significant differences ( P>0.05); after treatment, the levels of serum IL-6 and TNF-α were decreased, and the levels of serum IL-6 and TNF-α in the study group were lower than those in the control group: (223.56 ± 21.28) ng/L vs. (267.35 ± 25.36) ng/L, (9.34 ± 2.75) μg/L vs. (11.96 ± 3.83) μg/L, there were statistical differences ( P<0.05). Before treatment, the levels of serum immunoglobulin (Ig) A, IgM and IgG in the two groups had no significant differences ( P>0.05); after treatment, the levels of serum IgA, IgM and IgG were decreased, but the levels of serum IgA, IgM and IgG in the study group were higher than those in the control group: (1.83 ± 0.46) g/L vs. (1.34 ± 0.34) g/L, (1.15 ± 0.22) g/L vs. (0.83 ± 0.24) g/L, (10.67 ± 1.65) g/L vs. (8.02 ± 1.62) g/L, there were statistical differences ( P<0.05). After treatment, the incidence of thrombocytopenia, leucopenia, gastrointestinal reaction, bone marrow suppression and liver function injury in the study group were lower than those in the control group: 6.67%(4/60) vs. 20.00%(12/60), 15.00%(9/60) vs. 31.67%(19/60), 30.00%(18/60) vs. 58.33%(35/60), 5.00%(3/60) vs. 16.67%(10/60), 10.00%(6/60) vs. 25.00%(15/60), there were statistical differences ( χ2 = 4.62, 4.66, 9.77, 4.33, 4.88, P<0.05). Conclusions:The treatment effect of rituximab injection combined with CHOP regimen in DLBCL is significant, which can reduce the inflammatory reaction of the body, reduce the damage of immune function, and reduce the adverse reactions of chemotherapy.

Objective To evaluate whether the thalamic paraventricular nucleus mediates orexiner-gic ( orexin ) neurons-induced promotion of emergence from general anesthesia by using the optogenetics method in mice. Methods Twenty healthy male Hcrt-cre mice, aged 8-10 weeks, weighing 20-25 g, were divided into 4 groups ( n=5 each) using a random number table method: retrograde labeled viruses channelrhodopsin group ( R group) , anterograde labeled viruses channelrhodopsin group ( A group) , retro-grade labeled viruses control group ( RC group ) , and anterograde labeled viruses control group ( AC group) . The optogenetics technique was used in each group. Anesthesia was induced and maintained through inhaling 1％ isoflurane and pure oxygen 1. 0 L∕min. Electroencephalogram was monitored througout the procedure with the PowerLab monitoring system. The burst suppression ratio ( BSR) was recorded at 1 min before light stimulation and during light stimulation. Results Compared with RC group or the baseline at 1 min before light stimulation, the BSR was significantly decreased during light stimulation in R group ( P<0. 05) . Compared with AC group or the baseline at 1 min before light stimulation, the BSR was signifi-cantly decreased during light stimulation in group A ( P<0. 05) . Conclusion Optogenetics technique ap-plication once again confirms that orexin neurons can promote emergence from general anesthesia through thalamic paraventricular nucleus in mice.

Objective:To analyze the correlation between cognitive impairment and cortical atrophy in elderly patients with asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis (ACAS).Methods:In this cross-sectional study, 40 consecutive elderly patients with ACAS treated in the Department of Neurology, Northern Jiangsu People′s Hospital from July 1, 2020 to June 30, 2021 (ACAS group), and 40 elderly healthy controls who accepted physical examination during the same period (control group) were included. Cognitive assessment was performed using the Mental State Examination Scale (MMSE) and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale (MoCA), and brain magnetic resonance imaging scanning was performed in the ACAS group. The artificial intelligence technique was applied for brain lobe segmentation and cortical volume calculation. The χ2-test, independent sample t-test and Wilcoxon non-parametric test were used to analyze the difference of clinical data and cognitive scores between the two groups. In the ACAS group, the cortical volumes of the side with carotid stenosis was compared with that of the normal side, and Spearman′s correlation analysis was used to assess the correlation between cognitive scores and cortical atrophy. Results:Compared with the control group, the ACAS group got significantly lower scores of MMSE and MoCA, as well as lower scores of visuospatial executive function, attention and calculation, language function, abstraction ability and delayed recall [(25.60±2.49) vs (27.18±1.01), (22.05±3.59) vs (25.60±1.43), (2.73±1.04) vs (4.08±0.62), (4.53±0.93) vs (5.03±0.66), 2.00 (0.00) vs 3.00 (0.00), 1.00 (1.00) vs 2.00 (0.00), and (2.95±0.96) vs (3.35±0.62)] (all P<0.05). There was not significant differences in naming and orientation ability between the two groups (both P>0.05). The volume of cortical, temporal lobe, frontal lobe, parietal lobe and insular lobe on the side with carotid stenosis in the ACAS group were significantly smaller than those on the normal side [186.23 (177.97, 202.53) vs 194.67 (185.65, 204.82) cm 3, 54.74 (50.66, 56.95) vs 55.61 (51.24, 58.49) cm 3, 72.98 (70.76, 78.34) vs 75.27 (72.34, 80.66) cm 3, 53.66 (51.11, 57.86) vs 56.59 (52.80, 60.09) cm 3, 6.57 (6.35, 7.07) vs 6.72 (6.46, 7.34) cm 3] (all P<0.05). The MoCA score in the ACAS group was positively related to the cortical volume ratio of the two sides ( r=0.427, P<0.01). The attention ( r=0.353) and abstraction ( r=0.226) ability scores were positively correlated with the temporal lobe volume ratios of the two sides (both P<0.05). The visuospatial executive ( r=0.187) and language ( r=0.373) ability scores were positively correlated with frontal lobe volume ratios of the two sides (both P<0.05), and visuospatial executive ( r=0.386), naming ( r=0.344), language ( r=0.517), abstraction ( r=0.335) and delayed recall ( r=0.333) ability scores were positively correlated with parietal lobe volume ratios of the two sides (all P<0.05). Conclusion:In elderly patients with ACAS, the cognitive impairment and cortical atrophy on the sides with carotid stenosis are significant and a positive correlation is detected between them.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the preliminary efficacy of video-assisted anal fistula treatment (VAAFT) for complex anal fistula.

METHODSClinical data of 11 consecutive patients with complex anal fistula undergoing VAAFT in our department from May to July 2015 were reviewed. VAAFT was performed to manage the fistula under endoscope without cutting or resection.

RESULTSVAAFT was successfully performed in all the 11 patients. The internal ostium was closed using mattress suture in 10 cases, and Endo-GIA stapler in 1 case. The mean operative time was (42.0±12.4) min, mean hospital stay was (4.1±1.5) d. Complication included bleeding and perianal infection in 1 case respectively. After 1 to 3.2 months follow-up, success rate was 72.7%(8/11), and no fecal incontinence was observed.

CONCLUSIONVideo-assisted anal fistula treatment is an effective, safe and minimally invasive surgical procedure for complex anal fistula with preservation of anal sphincter function.