Objective To compare ureteroscopic hthotomy (URL)and minimally invasive percuta-neous nephrolithotomy (MPCNL) for the management of upper-ureteral calculi ≥ 1.5 cm. Methods Fifty-eight patients with upper-ureteral calculi ≥ 1.5 cm were selected in randomized for URL group (35patients)or MPCNL group (23 patients). Ultrasonography and intravenous X-ray were performed for all pa-tients before surgery. Results In the URL group, 13 cases (37.1%)were rendered stone-free, 8 stones mi-grated upward to the pelvis of kidney. In these cases,a double- J stent was inserted, and ESWL was per-formed,7 cases had ureteral distortion, 3 cases had ureteral stricture, 4 cases had bad field of vision, MPCNL or open operation was performed in these eases. The mean operative time was 38 minutes (range 25-48 min-utes). In the MPCNL group,21 eases (91.3%)were rendered stone-free. In the other 2 patients,ESWL was performed because the stone fragments migrated upward to the pelvis of kidney. The mean operative time was 34 minutes (range 20-58 minutes). Conclusion Compared with URL,MPCNL is a safe and effective procedure for treating upper-ureteral calculi ≥ 1.5 cm.

Unclear cultivating aim and training plan as well as tutors' lacking of experience are the main problems of the postgraduate education for clinical medicine professional degree,which will cause the quality of clinical postgraduate training to fall greatly.Through the analysis,the author proposes increasing management authority of rotating disciplines for graduates,establishing tutor groups in rotating disciplines,making clear training plan,increasing the clinical simulation skill training courses,training and optimizing the professional master's tutors,which is to fit the needs of the postgraduate education for clinical medicine professional degree and to provide related references.

The first metatarsophalangeal joint bending plays an important role in the foot movement. However, the existing researches mainly focused on the movement scope of the joint and the clinical treatments of related foot diseases. In order to investigate the effects of the first metatarsophalangeal joint bending on human walking gait stability, the present researchers recruited 6 healthy young men to perform the first metatarsophalangeal joint constraint (FMJC) and barefoot (BF) walking tests. Data of the temporal and spatial parameters, the joint angles of lower limbs, the ground reaction forces (GRF) and utilized coefficients of friction (UCOF) were collected and analyzed. The results showed that, since hip and knee could produce compensation motions, the FMJC had no significant effects on waking gait, but the slip and fall probability increased significantly.
Friction ; Gait ; Humans ; Male ; Metatarsophalangeal Joint ; physiology ; Walking

Aim To study absorption characteristics of SM-1 , a novel anti-tumor agent , to provide a research basis for the druggability evaluation of SM-1 and formu-lation design. Methods Caco-2 cell monolayer model and in situ single-pass intestinal perfusion rat model were used to study the absorption characteristics of SM-1 , and the absorption of SM-1 in vivo was evaluated through absolute bioavailability study in rats. Results The results of cell monolayer model showed that cu-mulative absorption and efflux of SM-1 increased line-arly with concentration ( 10 ~40 mg · L-1 ) . There were no significant differences in Papp with different concentrations ( P>0. 05 ) . SM-1 was absorbed mainly through passive diffusion. The intestinal perfusion re-sults showed that Ka and Pef of SM-1 had no significant differences ( P > 0. 05 ) , when the concentrations ranged from 25 to 100 mg · L-1 . SM-1 entered the systemic circulation mainly via on passive diffusion, indicating it is a compound with high permeability. The absorption of SM-1 in duodenum was superior to other intestinal segments ( P <0. 05 ) , there were no significant differences in the jejunum, ileum and colon ( P >0. 05 ) . The absolute bioavailability of SM-1 in rats was 29. 3%. Conclusion The membrane perme-ability of SM-1 is high and it can be absorbed by intes-tine well. The absorption mechanism of SM-1 is pas-sive diffusion, and it possibly escapes from the efflux transporter protein. The absolute bioavailability of SM-1 in rats is low.

Objective To investigate the anatomical structure of arterial vessels in the head and neck of miniature pigs and the related application of vascular cast specimens,and the technology of three-dimensional model reconstruction by CT imaging. Methods A vascular cast specimen of a miniature pig head and neck was made by a 128-slice spiral CT scanning,and a three-dimensional model of the arterial vessels in the head and neck of the miniature pig was reconstructed. Results The cast specimen clearly showed the distribution and running characteristics of the arteries in the head and neck of a miniature pig. The three-dimensional digital model was realistic and stereoscopic,showing the running and distribution of arteries from multiple angles and layers. Conclusions The distribution and running characteristics of arterial vessels in the head and neck of a miniature pig have been investigated by the combination of cast specimen and three-dimensional digital model,providing a morphological reference for the establishment of pig cerebrovascular models in respects of both solid specimen and virtualized model.

Aiming at slips and falls occurred during adults' walking, a method was proposed that could predict slips and falls based on center of mass (COM) recovery response. This method, based on the Kane's equation dynamic walking model of the lower extremities, can be used to rapidly detect dynamic parameters in each gait cycle, and analyze any instantaneous balance status of slips and falls, and the characteristic COM curves may be accomplished on the basis of the measurement data. Moreover, causations, phases and processes about gaits of adults' slips and falls could be judged and analyzed by the characteristic curves. When the distance between the projection point of COM to base of support (BOS) domain is more than 0.012-0. 015m, human gaits have a tendency to slip and fall. When COM velocity response curve value is between 0.9-2. 1m/s, human gaits are normal and stable. The experimental results of slips and falls about the two different age groups showed that the method is able to predict and revise slips and falls by the COM recovery response characteristic curves.
Accidental Falls ; prevention & control ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Computer Simulation ; Gait ; physiology ; Humans ; Models, Biological ; Postural Balance ; physiology ; Walking ; physiology

OBJECTIVETo establish a method for the prenatal diagnosis of 22q11 microdeletion syndrome.

METHODSBACs-on-Beads (BoBs) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) were performed on a fetus for whom amniotic chromosomal culturing has failed and a pair of twin fetuses suspected for 22q11 deletion syndrome.

RESULTS22q11 microdeletion was detected in all 3 fetuses by prenatal BoBs as well as FISH, with only one red signal detected at the DiGeorge/VCFS N25 site and two green signals on the 22q13.3 ARSA site.

CONCLUSIONThe combination of prenatal BoBs and FISH can provide a method for the prenatal diagnosis of 22q11 microdeletion.

Adult ; Chromosome Deletion ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 22 ; genetics ; DiGeorge Syndrome ; diagnosis ; embryology ; genetics ; Female ; Fetal Diseases ; diagnosis ; genetics ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; Karyotyping ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Diagnosis

Objective To explore the physiological characteristics of vascular invasion of hepatic alveolar echinococcosis(HAE) and the growth pattern of lesion.Methods 120 cases with HAE were all scanned by 256 slices MSCT,then the images were taken three-dimensional reconstruction.A comparison between pathology and images were made for the evaluation of vascular invasion.Results Pathological examination showed that the invasion rate of intrahepatic vein(left hepatic vein,middle hepatic vein,right hepatic vein, inferior vena cava),portal vein and hepatic artery were 34.38%,31.11%,22.50%,respectively.176 branches of the intrahepatic vein, 67 branches of the hepatic artery and 127 branches of portal vein were involved.Combined with the pathology,the Kappa values were 0.868,0.725 and 0.844.Conclusion HAE is easy to involve the intrahepatic veins as it grows,considering its"indulgence of vein"feature.In order to improve the targeting effect,the mode of administration could be changed.MSCT can exactly evaluate the invasion of intrahepatic vessels,providing important basis for clinical treatment.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the prenatal ultrasonic characteristics and genetic features of 14 fetuses with chromosome 22q11 microdeletion syndrome (22q11DS). METHODS: 4989 fetuses were analyzed by using single nucleotide polymorphism array (SNP array) in the Fujian Maternal and Child Health Hospital from November 2016 to November 2019. RESULTS: SNP array showed that 11 fetuses had classic 3 Mb microdeletion in 22q11 region, one fetus had 2.0 Mb microdeletion, and two fetuses had 1.0 Mb microdeletion. The 1.0 Mb microdeletion in 22q11 region contains SNAP29 and CRKL genes, which may increase the risk of congenital renal malformation and cardiovascular malformation. CONCLUSION Prenatal ultrasonic characteristics of fetuses with 22q11 microdeletion syndrome vary, and SNP array is a powerful tool to diagnose such diseases, which can provide accurate genetic diagnosis and enable prenatal diagnosis.
22q11 Deletion Syndrome/diagnostic imaging* ; Chromosome Deletion ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 22/genetics* ; Female ; Fetus ; Genetic Testing ; Humans ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Diagnosis ; Ultrasonics

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the intrauterine phenotype and genotype of eight fetuses carrying a 16p11.2 microdeletion. METHODS: 5100 fetuses undergoing routine prenatal diagnosis were subjected to single nucleotide polymorphism-based microarray (SNP-array) analysis. Fetuses harboring a 16p11.2 microdeletion were analyzed for their ultrasonographic characteristics. RESULTS: Eight fetuses were found to harbor a microdeletion in the 16p11.2 region. Among these, six had a typical 500-600 kb deletion, while the remaining two had an atypical 220 kb deletion at the distal part of 16p11.2. Four fetuses showed vertebral malformations, two had mild left ventriculomegaly, one had hydrocephalus, and one had pulmonary valve stenosis with regurgitation. The parents of five fetuses have accepted pedigree verification, and the results confirmed that the 16p11.2 microdeletions carried by fetuses all had a de novo origin. CONCLUSION The intrauterine phenotypes of fetuses carrying a 16p11.2 microdeletion may be variable, and the deletion can be effectively detected with the SNP-array assay.
Chromosome Deletion ; Female ; Fetus ; Genetic Testing ; Humans ; Phenotype ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Diagnosis