Objective To conduct the anatomical observation and measurement on adult temporal bone labyrinth and internal auditory canal structures to accumulate the anatomical data and provide anatomical basis for clinical internal ear surgery.Methods Thirty sides(left 16 and right 14)of adult dry temporal bone labyrinth and internal auditory canal structures were anatomically observed and the related structures were measured.Results (1) The specimen observation:the vestibule was egg conical cavity,and angle between long axis and sagittal plane was about 33°.The floor of internal auditory canal were divided into four districts,which angle between the inferior surface and vestibule was about 90°,the connection between tractus spiralis foraminosus bone crest of cochlea area and inguinal ring of cochlear spiral canal was the same rotated laps.(2)The data measurement:the comparison of means in various measurement items had no statistical differences between the left side and right side(P＞0.05);the comparison of mean length and crus distance had statistical differences among superior semicircular canal,posterior semicircular canal,lateral semicircular canal(P＜0.05);the comparison of means had statistical difference among posterior semicircular canal and superior semicircular canal,lateral semicircular canal(P＜0.05),but the comparison of means had no statistical difference between superior semicircular canal and lateral semicircular canal(P＞0.05).Conclusion The means of various measurement items in bone labyrinth and internal auditory canal have no difference between the left side and right side;the comparison of length means:posterior semicircular canal＞superior semicircular canal＞lateral semicircular canal;the comparison of crus distance means:superior semicircular canal＞ lateral semicircular canal＞posterior semicircular canal;the comparison of diameter means:posterior semicircular canal＞superior and lateral semicircular canal,but the diameter has no difference between superior semicircular canal and lateral semicircular canal.

AIM:To explore the surgical effect of total hip joint replacement on the severe degenerative arthritis secondary to congenital hip dysplasia.METHODS:The experiment was carried out in the Department of pedics,General Hospital of Chinese PLA between June 1998 and December 2005.①116 adult patients(128 hips) with arthritis secondary to dysplastic hip received total hip replacement,including 13 males(15 hips) and 113 females(106 hips),aged from 16 to 66 years(average of 42.6 years).According to Crowe classification system,there were 57 cases(60 hips) of typeⅠ,20(23 hips) of typeⅡ,16(20 hips) of type Ⅲ and 23(25 hips) of type Ⅳ.②The acetabula were reconstructed at the true acetabular location.Except one case,all patients were given biological fixation of cementless acetabular cups including 83 hips with routine total hip replacement,and 27 hips with smaller cup;11 hips with routine total hip replacement after granular bone grafting,and 7 hips with a smaller cup after autologous femoral grafting on the superior margin of acetabula.119 biological prostheses were used to reconstruct the femoral cups including 4 common cemented shafts,6 long cemented shafts,and 4 S-ROM prostheses.③Harris hip score was adopted to evaluate the hip function,and X-ray photographs were used to observe the location of prostheses.RESULTS:①The Harris hip scores increased from 38.5 preoperatively to 88.5 postoperatively.②No prosthesis displacement,dislocation of hip joint or repair was found in patients,and the length of treated limbs meanly prolonged by 2.3 cm.Additionally,the incision healed primarily.③Radiographically,the positions of the prostheses were normal,and the bone grafts fused with the host bone successfully.The average bone coverage was 95%(90%-100%);radiolucentline was observed at between the acetabular cup and host acetabula in 2 cases,and 1 at femur.④Adverse effects:Sciatic nerve tension injury was found in 1 case and recovered in 4 months,the femoral nerve tension injury in 1 case and recovered in 3 months,and hip rest pain remained in 4 cases.CONCLUSION:In the treatment of arthritis secondary to dysplastic hip with total hip replacement,it is better to reconstruct the acetabulum at the true acetabular location.Moreover,the individualized appropriate selection of femoral prostheses is a key factor to obtain good curative effects.

Scientific research capacity of college students is the direct embodiment in innova-tive qualities. Taking Zhaoqing Medical College as an example, by guiding students anatomy innova-tion practice activities including literature review, fund grant application, research experiments and achievement paper writing, and guiding the two team works such as Challenge Cup prize at the provincial level, the author elaborates on the fact that teachers and students building team is an effec-tive way to cultivate students' innovative ability, so as to make the positive exploration for establishing innovative talents of training system in higher vocational colleges.

Objective To explore the method and significance for constructing three-dimensional visual model in bronchial tree of pig lung. Methods A set of pig lung specimen was infused with epoxy resin-lead oxide through the trachea,and then casted. The Mimics 15. 0 was used to construct three-dimensional visual model in bronchial tree of pig lung by utilizing CT data of the cast specimen. Results In the reconstructed three-dimensional visual model of bronchial tree,the three-dimensional effect was realistic. This model not only clearly showed each lobar direction and distribution of bronchial tree,but also allowed three-dimensional arbitrary scaling,shifting or rotating at any angle, and the diameter and distance of each lobar bronchus could be measured with the sofeware. Conclusion The three-dimensional visual model in bronchial tree of pig lung can be successfully reconstructed from the CT dataset by using related sofeware like Mimics,which can bring morphological reference to anatomical teaching and will be helpful to the development of virtual operation.

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics and drug resistance of gram -negative bacillus in Department of Respiratory Medicine.Methods 100 patients in Department of Respiratory Medicine were selected, analyzed the clinical characteristic and drug resistance of 125 strains of gram -negative bacillus that was separated. Results 125 strains of pathogenic gram negative bacilli were isolated out of 100 patients,among which 34 strains were pneumonia klebsiella bacteria,24 strains were acinetobacter baumannii,18 strains were pseudomonas aeruginosa, 10 strains were enterobacter cloacae,18 strains were escherichia coli and 21 strains were other bacteria.Results The drug resistance rates were 79.4%,76.5%,76.5% and 76.5% respectively in klebsiella pneumoniae to amikacin, cefotaxime,ampicillin and imipenem,was more sensitive to meropenem and cefoperazone,the drug resistance rate was 100.0% in acinetobacter baumannii to ampicillin and cefazolin,and was 91.7% to ceftriaxone,and the resistance rate for other drugs are higher generally.The drug resistance rate was 100.0% in pseudomonas aeruginosa to ampicillin and ceftriaxone,and was 94.4% to cefotaxime and levofloxacin,the drug resistance rate was 90.0% in enterobacter cloacae to ampicillin,and was 60.0% to ceftriaxone,cefazolin and cefoxitin,the drug resistance rate on the other drug was relatively low.Conclusion Klebsiella pneumoniae,acinetobacter baumanni and pseudomonas aeruginosa were the main gram negative bacillis the cause hospitalized patients with drug resistance.

Objective To evaluate the three-dimensional reconstruction and significance of arterial cast on chronic venous insufficiency of low extremity. Methods A set of specimen on chronic venous insufficiency of left lower extremity amputation residues was infused with epoxy resin-lead oxide through the femoral artery,and then casted. The CT data of the cast specimen was used to reconstruct 3D modal of ar-tery on chronic venous insufficiency of left lower extremity,using the volume rendering(VR) and maximum intensity projection(MIP). Re-sults The cast specimen and 3D reconstruction of chronic venous insufficiency of left lower extremity amputation residues could clearly dis-play distribution and run of lower extremity arteries,blood supply of lesion and local region embolism of small artery ( arteriole) . Conclusion The 3D modal of artery on chronic venous insufficiency of left lower extremity should provide morphological basis of exact etiology and perfect pathogenesis,also has a certain guiding significance of clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Objective To investigate the changes of fractalkine (FKN) in rat model of acute liver failure (ALF) and the role of FKN in liver inflammatory injury.Methods SD rats were divided into tWO groups:6 in normal group and 36 in model group.D-galactosamine(D-Gal) was used to induce ALF in model group.The sera and hepatic tissue samples were collected at 12,24,48,72,120 andl68 h.After D-Gal injection.FKN mRNA and nuclear factor(NF)-kB mRNA in hepatic tissue samples were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).Results The levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) at 12 h were(208.3±43.5)U/L and (375.2±117.3)lJ/L,respectively,which were both significantly higher than those in normal group[(31.8±2.9)U/L and (90.8±3.1)U/L](t=-9.912 and-5.935,respectively,both P<0.01);the levels of ALT and AST peaked at 72 h after D-Gal injection.The levels of FKN mRNA(O.086±0.009)in model group at 12 h were significantly higher than those (O.044±0.009) in normal group(t=-7.999.P<0.01),and peaked at 72 h (O.333±0.033),then decreased obviously at 120 h. The levels of NF-KB mRNA in the liver of normal rats were very little;and the levels in model group were increased gradually over time,then peaked at 72 h (O.583±0.i01,t=-12.607,P<0.01).FKN mRNA and NF0kB mRNA were positively correlated (r=0.760,P<0.01).Conclusion The FKN expression may play all important role in liver inflammatory injury in rat model of acute liver failure, which could provide a new approach for ALF therapy.

To explore the new pattern of Chinese medicine solid preparations (CMSP) in vitro dissolution, a method testing the bio-thermal activity in combination with UPLC was used. Microcalorimetry was used to obtain the characteristic metabolic growth power-time curves and a series of biothermodynamic parameters of the inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus by Yinhuang tablet dissolving solutions at the pH 6.8 (phosphate buffer) dissolution medium at different times. From these results, the cumulative dissolution of Yinhuang tablet based on bio-thermal activity was obtained. The dissolution rates of two components of chlorogenic acid and baicalin were determined by UPLC method. Then f2 similar factor method was used to evaluate the relevance of these two methods. The result showed that f2 values all were more than 50, indicating that there is a good correlation between the two methods of measuring the dissolution rate. It is feasible to determine CMSP in vitro dissolution by using bio-thermal activity, and to provide new evaluation methods for controlling the quality of CMSP.

Aim To observe the effects of Xinghuayu parenteral(XHY) solution on hemodynamics, and try to understand its mechanism of pharmocological effects on hemodynamics. Methods Select normal and blood blot model rat to assay hemodynamic. Results ① Both 14 mg?kg -1 and 21 mg?kg -1 doses of XHY could decrease multiphasic hemodynamics index of rat blood blot model with different efficiency;these indexes included: plasm viscosity (P

Objective To investigate the effects of exposure to cigarette smoke on the counts and functions of tolerogenic dendritic cells(tDC) and regulatory T cells(Treg) in a mouse model of asthma. Methods Forty female BALB/c mice at age 20 days were randomly allocated into four groups including the normal saline ( NS)/air treatment group, the NS/cigarette smoke ( CS) treatment group, the ovalbumin (OVA)/air treatment group and the OVA/CS treatment group (n=10).A mouse model of asthma was es-tablished by intraperitoneally injecting OVA in an interval of two weeks to cigarette smoke for three weeks. The percentages of Treg cells in PBMCs and the changes of CD80 and CD86 expression on the surface of DCs of the mice in each group were analyzed by flow cytometry analysis.The transcriptional levels of forkhead box P3 ( Foxp3) in lung tissues were measured by real-time quantitative PCR.The levels of IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12p40, IL-17A and TGF-β1 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid ( BALF) samples were measured by ELISA.Results Exposing young mice to cigarette smoke significantly increased the percentages of Treg cells in PBMCs and the expression of Foxp3 at mRNA level in lung tissues of mice with asthma.High levels of TGF-β1 and IL-10 were detected in BALF samples of the heathy mice and those with asthma exposed to CS at a young age.The mice with asthma exposed to CS at an early age showed decreased expression of CD80 and CD86 on the surface of DCs.Lower levels of IL-12p40 and IL-6 and higher levels of IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-17A in BALF samples were observed in mice from the OVA/CS treatment group.Conclusion Expo-sing to cigarette smoke at an early age was involved in the dysfunction of T cell-mediated immune responses in mice with asthma.This study might provide new ideas for the prevention and treatment of asthma.