BACKGROUND:The cruciate ligament of the knee joint has a poor capacity of self-healing after injury, and the main treatment is grafting to reconstruct cruciate ligament.
OBJECTIVE:To summarize the structure, function, and mechanical characteristics of anterior cruciate ligament of the knee joint, the present research of artificial ligament reconstruction fol owing damage, and to provide evidences for clinical application of artificial ligament.
METHODS:An online computer-based retrieval was performed with the key words of“artificial y synthetic materials, knee joint cruciate ligament, exercise, ligament repair, ligament reconstruction”. Articles related to knee ligament treatment approach, materials science characteristics, biocompatibility and application were included. A total of 25 articles addressing the properties of biological materials applied in knee cruciate ligament reconstruction were screened.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:As an effective treatment for anterior cruciate ligament injuries, technique of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction has been developed in recent years. Implants for repairing anterior cruciate ligament injuries include autologous ligaments, ligament al ograft, artificial ligaments, and tissue engineered ligament. Artificial materials and tissue engineered ligaments are the hotspots in recent years. Biological artificial ligament is effective to treat the knee ligament injury. celland molecular biology techniques as wel as the use of gene therapy wil become a new direction in the treatment of knee ligament injury and rehabilitation.

Objective:To observe the clinical effects of tuina manipulations plus the functional training on scapulohumeral periarthritis (SP), and provide the better therapeutic plan for SP patients. Methods: A total of76 cases with SP in conformity with the inclusion criteria were randomly divided into a tuina group and an acupuncture group, 38 patients in each group. All the patients were instructed to do functional training under the guidance of the professional medical practitioners. The patients in the tuina group were treated additionally with tuina manipulations, while the patients in the acupuncture group were added with acupuncture treatment. The two groups were treated once every day. After ten sessions, the changes in the scores of visual analog scale (VAS) and Melle were observed, and the clinical effect was compared. Results:After the treatment, VAS and Melle scores were all lower in the tuina group than those in the acupuncture group, with statistical significances between the two groups (P<0.05). The remarkable effective rate was 5.3% in the acupuncture group and 21.1% in the tuina group. The remarkable effective rate was higher in the tuina group than that in the acupuncture group, with a statistical significance (P<0.05). Conclusion:Tuina manipulations plus functional training for SP can effectively alleviate pain and restore the functions of the shoulder joint, with a better effect than acupuncture plus functional training.

Objective:To explore the main influencing factors for cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR ) in patients with perioperative cardiac arrest .Methods:A total of 168 patients ,who received surgery and suffered from cardiac arrest during perioperative period in our hospital from Jun 2012 to Jun 2014 ,were selected .According to recovery outcome of spontaneous circulation ,they were divided into success group (n=67) and failure group (n=101) .Case information were retrospectively analyzed in two groups ,including American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) class at hospitalization ,surgical sites ,monitor before cardiac arrest ,location when cardiac arrest occurred , dose of amiodarone ,volumes of bleeding and blood transfusion ,time of cardiac arrest during surgery ,CPR duration and timing etc .,and they were statistically analyzed between two groups .Results:There were significant difference in ASA class ,location when cardiac arrest occurred ,baseline ECG rhythm ,shock before cardiac arrest ,adrenaline dose ,CPR duration and timing between two groups ,P<0.05 or <0.01. Multifactor Logistic regression analysis in‐dicated that being outside operating room when cardiac arrest occurred (OR=9.72 ,95% CI=3.16~67.33) ,non-shockable rhythm (OR=8.33 ,95% CI=2.77~22.87) ,shock before cardiac arrest (OR=5.17 ,95% CI=3.23~16.13) ,adrenaline dose (OR=6.84 ,95% CI=2.61~44.75) ,CPR duration (OR=6.14 ,95% CI=1.77~17.21) and CPR timing >1min (OR=7.51 ,95% CI=2.57~41.93) were independent risk factors for prognosis of periop‐erative CPR , P< 0.05 or < 0.01. Conclusion:Being outside operating room when cardiac arrest occurs , non -shockable rhythm ,shock before cardiac arrest ,adrenaline dose ,CPR duration and CPR timing > 1min are inde‐pendent risk factors for prognosis of perioperative CPR . Cardioc arrest calls for instant CPR .

OBJECTIVE:How to explain and predict individual difference of artificial cochlea so as to evaluate rehabilitative effect of implant has been paid much attention by audiological scholars,clinical physicians,patients,and their relatives. This study was designed to analyze and evaluate rehabilitative status of patients accepting artificial cochlea implantation to investigate the relative influential factors of auditory rehabilitation. METHODS:A total of 28 patients were selected from Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck,Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao Medical College from June 2002 to April 2008. They were accessed by age,time of rehabilitation training,usage of hearing aids,audiology and aural image before surgery,and NRT monitoring in cochlear implantation so as to observe auditory improvement. The clinical results were analyzed to detect the effect of various factors on auditory rehabilitation. RESULTS:Age,preoperative preparations and good audiology and aural image are important premises for a successful rehabilitation. Longer the time of using hearing aids and language rehabilitation are,and better results will get. NRT response during operation is also an important factor for good auditory rehabilitation. CONCLUSION:The influential factors of auditory rehabilitation after cochlear implant included the age,audition remains,usage of hearing aids,NRT response during operation,and the time after the cochlear implant operation.

Objective To investigate the effect of rehabilitation nursing system of manipulative reduction and tradi-tional Chinese medicine fumigation treatment to alleviate the clinical stage of lumbar intervertebral disc protrusion promoting effect.Methods 200 cases of remission in patients with lumbar disc herniation were divided into intervention group and con-trol group with 100 cases in each group, the control group of the implementation of general nursing, intervention group re-ceived rehabilitation nursing system based on general nursing.Results 20 days later, compare the lumbar function score, the intervention group was significantly better than the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (p<0.01). The intervention group: the total efficiency of 98%.Control group: the total efficiency of 85%.The total efficiency of two groups were significant difference ( p <0.05 ) .Conclusion rehabilitation nursing treatment to alleviate the superposition effect of lumbar disc herniation, has an important significance to improve the clinical efficacy and quality of life.

Objective To analyse the clinical features,imaging characteristics diversity of deep cerebral veins thrombosis (DCVT).Methods From 2004 to 2013,6 patients diagnosed as DCVT were recorded and a retrospective review of the cases were undertaken for the purpose of this analysis.Results Among the 6 patients with DCVT,4 were male and 2 were female,aged from 28 to 69 years old.The disease duration of 4 cases ranged from 2 to 7 days,remnants were 20 days and 3 months respectively.The first symptoms of 4 cases were headache,1 was feeblemindedness,and the other was hemiplegia.The secondary symptoms were disturbance of consciousness,apathy,diplopia and non-infectious fever.Non-contrast computed tomography showed low signal in the bilateral thalamus in four patients,high signal in the transverse sinus and straight sinus in one patient and high signal in torcular in one patient.Abnormal signal was found in bilateral thalamus on magnetic resonance imaging in all patients and some of them had abnormal signal in the mesencephalon or basal ganglia.The patients were definitely diagnosed as DCVT by magnetic resonance venography (MRV) or digital subtraction angiography (DSA).Among them,2 patients were confirmed by brain biopsy.Four patients were followed up with good outcome and 2 were lost to follow-up.Conclusions The clinical manifestations of DCVT are not specific.For acute-onset DCVT patients,the first symptoms are always headache and vomiting,while the main symptoms are declined cognition and slow reaction for chronic-onset ones.Along with the progress,the main symptoms of DCVT are disturbance of consciousness,psychiatric symptoms and intracranial hypertension.Changes in the bilateral thalamus and basal ganglia are especially main characteristics which are easily misdiagnosed as brain tumor according to the images.DCVT can be definitely diagnosed by no signal of deep cerebral veins on MRV or DSA.

Objective To investigate the effect of hydrogen-rich water on cerebral edema and aquaporin 1 (AQP1) expression in rats with traumatic brain injury (TBI).Methods Ninety male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into sham operation group,TBI model group,hydrogen-rich water treatment group (H group),with 30 rats in each group.TBI model was reproduced by weight dropping method.The skulls of rats in sham operation group underwent only craniotomy without direct hit and with bone wax sealed suture.5 mL/kg of hydrogen-rich water injection was given intraperitoneally after model reproduction in H group,and equal amount of normal saline was given in sham and TBI groups,once a day for both groups for 5 days.Six rats from each group were sacrificed at 6,12,24,48 hours and 5 days after evaluating neurological severity scores (NSS).The cerebral cortex was harvested,and the pathological changes in morphology of brain tissue were observed with light microscope.The positive expression of AQP1 in cerebral cortex was observed with immunohistochemistry by light microscopy,the AQP1 mRNA expression in cerebral cortex was determined by real-time fluorescent quantization reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR),and the AQP1 protein expression in cerebral cortex was determined by Western Blot.Results ① All rats in sham operation group had a NSS of zero at each time point.NSS of TBI group was obviously raised with time prolongation,and peaked at 24 hours followed by a lower tendency,while the score in H group was significantly lower than that of TBI group,and the difference was the most obvious at 24 hours as compared with TBI group (9.83 ± 2.78 vs.13.50± 2.42,P ＜ 0.05).② It was shown by light microscope that in the TBI group there were pathological changes in cerebral cortex,including obvious irregular arrangement of nerve cells,cerebral edema,obvious bleeding,especially at 24 hours,then the cerebral edema became vanished gradually;and the positive expression of AQP1 in the pia mater at all the time points in the TBI group was significantly increased,and it was most obvious at 24 hours.Compared with TBI group,the pathological changes at time points of 12 hours to 5 days in H group was significantly lessened,and the positive expression of AQP1 in the cerebral pia mater was reduced obviously.③ Compared with sham operation group,the mRNA and protein expressions of AQP1 in cerebral cortex in TBI group were significantly elevated,peaked at 24 hours [AQP1 mRNA (2-△△Ct):7.50±0.26 vs.1,AQP1 protein (gray value):1.986±0.110 vs.0.336±0.034,both P ＜ 0.05],then they gradually declined.The mRNA and protein expressions of AQP1 in cerebral cortex were significantly decreased after hydrogen-rich water treatment [24-hour AQP1 mRNA (2-△△Ct):5.40±0.21 vs.7.50±0.26,24-hour AQP1 protein (gray value):1.246±0.137 vs.1.986±0.110,both P ＜ 0.05].Conclusions The up-regulation of AQP1 mRNA and protein in ratst cerebral cortex after TBI perhaps participates in edema formation which might be involved in the pathophysiology of cerebral edema in TBI.Early treatment with an intraperitoneally injection of hydrogen-rich water is capable of attenuating the extent of TBI-induced up-regulation of AQP1 mRNA and protein,alleviating cerebral edema,and achieving its protective effects.

Objective To ascertain the gross α/β levels in drinking water in Inner Mongolia and to estimate the annual effective dose to the local residents from radionuclides in drinking water.Methods A total of 768 water samples were collected from 101 counties distributed over 12 cities of Inner Mongolia.Low background α/β measuring instrument was used to measure the radioactivity level;On this basis,use EPA Federal Guidance Report 11 universal method to estimate the annual effective dose to the local residents via intake of radionuclides from drinking water.Results The gross α radioactivity range was 0.016-1.003 Bq/L for tap water,O.016-0.975 Bq/L for factory water,0.017-1.544 Bq/L for river water,0.120-0.672 Bq/L for lake water,0.016-0.492 Bq/L for reservoir water,0.016-1.139 Bq/L for well water,0.032-3.156 Bq/L for spring water,respectively.The gross β radioactivity range was 0.030-0.828 Bq/L for tap water,0.031-0.571 Bq/L for factory water,0.066-0.873 Bq/L for river water,0.169-2.268 Bq/L for lake water,0.046-0.519 Bq/L for reservoir water,0.071-0.526 Bq/L for well water,0.087-1.063 Bq/L for spring water,respectively.Conclusions In Inner Mongolia,the gross α/β mean value in tap water is less than the World Health Organization-recommended value and the average annual effective dose from tap water is also less than the WHO-recommended value O.1 mSv/a.The gross α/β radioactivity from the other water samples is also within the range of the nationwide average.

Objective To investigate the value of TI-RADS for sonographic diagnosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) and to evaluate the sonographic findings of FTC compared to PTC.Methods The clinical and sonographic data of 363 cases of pathology confirmed thyroid nodules were retrospectively analyzed.The thyroid nodules were classified by TI-RADS grading criteria,the accuracy of TI-RADS and sonographic findings between FTC and PTC was analyzed.Results In 363 thyroid nodules,114 cases were confirmed as benign lesions;249 cases were confirmed as carcinomas,including 50 FTC cases and 199 PTC cases.The sensitivity,specificity,PPV,NPV,and accuracy of PTC were 97.0％ (193/199),85.1％ (97/114),91.9％ (193/210),85.8％ (97/113),95.7％ (290/303) respectively.The sensitivity,specificity,PPV,NPV,and accuracy of FTC were 97.0％(193/199),85.1％ (97/114),91.9％ (193/210),85.8％ (97/113),95.7％ (290/303) respectively.There were significant differences of nodule size,shape,margin,echogenecity,calcification,halo and flow between FTC group and PTC group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion TI-RADS has higher value in the sonographic diagnosis of PTC than that of FTC.FTC are greatly different from PTC in many sonographic findings making it less valuable for the diagnosis of FTC.

Embryo damage refers to the pregnancy early embryonic development stops for some reason, and dead fetus in the womb is not yet out. It is clinical common refractory disease in the department of gynecology, and the current prevalence showed significantly increased trend. It had become a high-profil important reproductive health problem, and the research of early diagnosis and treatment scheme for embryo damage was great significance. In this paper, through the summary of the early diagnosis and treatment scheme for embryo damage, we hope that it can provide powerful help for the early detection and treatment of embryo damage and lies a foundation to promote reproductive health.