Objective To study the application of viral load for differentiating diagnosis of early HIV infection. Methods Thirteen indeterminate specimens, which showed early HIV infection of antibody detection, were selected. Viral load of the specimens were detected. People with suspicious infection were followed up and certified infection status through EIA and Western blot. Results Twelve of 13 indeterminate specimens which indicated early HIV infection, had positive viral loads. One antibody-positive infant was confirmed to have been infected by HIV and 11 recent infected (window period) persons were certified during the follow-up. One antibody-positive infant had negative viral load and was certified noninfected per-son during the follow-up. Viral load testing results accorded with HIV infection status. Conclusion Viral load testing can be used to diagnose HIV early infection, including antibody-positive infants (within 18 months) and recent infected persons. Viral load testing could be diagnostic in determinate specimens during early HIV infection.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and accuracy of hammering reverse guide wire technique for safe placement of anterior column retrograde intramedullary screw in pelvic and acetabular surgery.Methods From September 2015 to March 2018,46 patients with pelvic or/and acetabular fracture involving the anterior column were treated with hammering reverse guide wire technique for safe placement of anterior column retrograde intramedullary screw at Department of Orthopaedics,Lishui Municipal Central Hospital.They were 28 men and 18 women,aged from 21 to 85 years (mean,55.6 years).There were 34 pelvic ring fractures,9 acetabular fractures and 3 combined pelvic ring and acetabular fractures.After the anterior lateral spine of pubic tuberosity was drilled by a guide pin and drill bit as the entry point,a reverse guide wire was knocked into the bone lightly by a hammer.For each retrograde intramedullary screwing into the acetabular anterior column,we recorded operation time,fluoroscopic frequency,and attempts to establish an acceptable screw pathway by the guide pin.The accuracy of screwing and the quality of fracture reduction were evaluated by imaging examination.For each patient,we recorded fracture union time and complications.Functional recovery of the pelvis and acetabulum was assessed by postoperative physical examination at the last follow-ups.Results The operation time of retrograde intramedullary screwing for the 46 patients averaged 28.9 minutes (from 16 to 55 minutes);the fluoroscopy frequency averaged 16.3 times (from 9 to 35 times);an acceptable screw pathway was established by the first attempt in 43 of the 46 patients (93.5％) and re-established after adjustment of the guide pin in the other 3.Forty patients were followed up for an average of 15.2 months(from 6 to 36 months).Postoperative CT scan and three-dimensional reconstruction showed that all the screws had been placed safely and accurately in the acetabular anterior column.Implant loosening and fracture displacement occurred in one case and lower limb thrombosis in another.No nail breakage,fracture nonunion,incision necrosis or infection,neurovascular injury or femoral head necrosis was observed.All fractures united after an average of 14.7 weeks (from 12 to 18 weeks).According to the Majeed scoring at the last follow-ups,the pelvic and acetabular function was evaluated as excellent in 29 cases,as good in 9,and as fair in 2,giving an excellent and good rate of 95.0％.Conclusion Hammering reverse guide wire technique is an effective method for safe placement of anterior column retrograde intramedullary screw in pelvic and acetabular surgery,because it can increase accuracy of screwing and reduce intraoperative radiation,operation time and incidence of complications though it is simple.

Objective To explore the effect of KCNQ1OT1 gene knockout combined with bruceine D on the proliferation, migration, and invasion of breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells. Methods Cell Counting Kit-8, wound healing, and Transwell invasion assay were used to detect the effects of bruceine D and siKCNQ1OT1 on the viability, migration, and invasion of MDA-MB-231 cells. Effect of bruceine D and siKCNQ1OT1 on the expression of KCNQ1OT1 in MDA-MB-231 cells was detected by qRT-PCR. Western blot was used to detect the effect of bruceine D and siKCNQ1OT1 on the expression of EMT-related proteins and CDC42, p-MKK7, MKK7 proteins in MDA-MB-231 cells. Results Bruceine D and siKCNQ1OT1 could significantly inhibit the viability, migration, and invasion of MDA-MB-231 cells, and the inhibitory effect was enhanced when they were combined (all P < 0.05); bruceine D downregulated the expression of KCNQ1OT1 in MDA-MB-231 cells (all P < 0.05); bruceine D combined with siKCNQ1OT1 significantly decreased CDC42, p-MKK7, N-cadherin, and Vimentin expression in MDA-MB-231 cells and increased the expression of E-cadherin (all P < 0.05). Conclusion Bruceine D combined with siKCNQ1OT1 significantly inhibit the proliferation, migration, invasion, and EMT of human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells, and its molecular mechanism may be related to the blocking of CDC42/MKK7 signaling pathway.

Objective:To explore the clinical utility of bronchoscopy and transbronchial cryotherapy in children with tracheobronchial tuberculosis (TBTB).Methods:Retrospective study was conducted to collect the clinical data of 10 hospitalized children who underwent bronchoscopy and were diagnosed as TBTB and in the Department of Pediatrics of Peking University First Hospital and the Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine of the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children′s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University from January 2011 to October 2019. The clinical characteristics of TBTB in children, and the efficacy and safety of bronchoscopy and transbronchial cryotherapy were summarized through descriptive analysis.Results:The onset age of 10 children (6 males and 4 females) ranged from 1-14 years. The clinical manifestations included fever (8/10), cough (7/10) and hemoptysis (2/10). Purified protein derivative test and interferon-γ release assay were performed in 9 and 10 patients respectively, the results were all positive. Chest CT examination was performed in all patients, and 8 patients had hilar and mediastinal lymphadenopathy. All patients underwent pediatric bronchoscopy in time, in 9 patients bronchus was found to be blocked in varying degrees by granulation tissue and caseous necrosis and in the remaining patient, obvious congestion and edema in bronchial mucosa. The bronchoscopic manifestations included 8 cases of lymph node fistula type, 1 case of granulation proliferative type and 1 case of inflammatory infiltration type. Pathological biopsies were performed in 7 cases, the findings were consistent with the pathological characteristics of tuberculosis. Nine patients were treated by pediatric bronchoscopic intervention, with 8 transbronchial cryotherapy by flexible bronchoscopy, and among them, 2 patients were treated by simultaneous rigid bronchoscopy. After 1-3 times of transbronchial cryotherapy, the blocked bronchial lumina in 8 cases were all recanalized, and the curative effect was significant without any serious complications.Conclusions:Bronchoscopy plays an important role in the diagnosis of TBTB in children and is helpful for its classification. Also, transbronchial cryotherapy has good efficacy and safety for TBTB in children, especially for the granuloproliferative type or lymph node fistula type.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the influence of anastomotic leakage (AL) on long-term survival after resection for rectal cancer.

METHODSClinicopathological data of 653 rectal cancer cases confirmed by pathology and undergoing R0 resection for rectal cancer in our department from January 2007 to December 2011 were retrospectively analyzed. Anastomotic leakage was found in 40 cases (AL group) and not in the other 613 cases (non-AL group). After median 47 (1-91) months of follow-up, 5-year disease-free survival rate, distant metastasis rate and local recurrence rate were compared between the two groups. Risk factors affecting long-term prognosis were also analyzed.

RESULTSThe 5-year disease-free survival rate, 5-year distant metastasis rate, and 5-year local recurrence rate were 78.1%, 14.2% and 4.2% in the non-AL group, and 74.5%, 20.1% and 8.4% in the AL group respectively, and the differences were not statistically significant (P=0.808, P=0.965, P=0.309). Multivariate analysis showed that preoperative neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy, TNM staging, abnormal CA199, preoperative low level of albumin were independent prognostic factors of rectal cancer patients after R0 resection, while AL was not an independent factor of 5-year disease-free survival (P=0.910). Further multivariate analysis on 507 cases receiving postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy also revealed that AL was not an independent factor of 5-year disease-free survival (P>0.05). Percentage difference of patients finishing postoperative chemotherapy between the two groups was not statistically significant (79.4% vs. 76.3%, P=0.681).

CONCLUSIONAL is not an independent predictor of long-term survival for rectal cancer.

Anastomotic Leak ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; Disease-Free Survival ; Humans ; Neoadjuvant Therapy ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Neoplasm Staging ; Postoperative Period ; Prognosis ; Rectal Neoplasms ; pathology ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate

Objective To investigate the current situations of the frailty and the perceived social support and explore the influence of social support on the frailty in elderly maintenance hemodialysis patients.Methods The 237 elderly patients with maintenance hemodialysis were investigated by the Fried frailty phenotype and the perceived social support scale in this cross-sectional study.Results The prevalence of frailty was 163 (68.8％)in 237 patients.The level of perceived social support was low.The frailty was negatively correlated with the social supportscore,family support,friends support,and other support(r =-0.326,-0.129,-0.301 and-0.230,respectively,all P ＜0.05).Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that friends support,dialysis vintage,Charlson comorbidity index(CCI)score and activities of daily living(ADL)score were the main influential factors for frailty in elderly maintenance hemodialysis patients.Conclusions Medical staff should evaluate the frailty in elderly patients with maintenance hemodialysis,and the frailty can be alleviated by improving the support of friends.

Objective:To determine the clinical efficacy of selective decongestive devascularization of gastrosplenic (SDD-GSR) and splenectomy combined with pericardial vascularization in the treatment of portal hypertension in cirrhosis.Methods:A total of 134 patients with cirrhosis portal hypertension admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University were enrolled in the study, including 102 males and 32 females, with an average age of 51 years. Of 61 cases of SDD-GSR were included in the SDD-GSR group, and 73 cases of splenectomy combined with pericardial vascularization were included in the control group. Preoperative and postoperative white blood cell count, platelet count, Child-Pugh grade of liver function, free portal pressure (FPP) and postoperation tomplication were analyzed in the two groups. Operation time, intraoperative blood loss, free portal pressure (FPP), Child-Pugh grade of liver function, preoperative and postoperative white blood cell count, platelet count, and postoperative complications were analyzedin the two groups.Results:The operation time and intraoperative blood loss of SDD-GSR group were 165 (110, 198) min and 280 (100, 650) ml, which were lower than those of control group [190 (135, 605) min and 895 (300, 3 500) ml], the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). Postoperative FPP of SDD-GSR group and control group was 39 (35, 44) cmH 2O (1 cmH 2O=0.098 kPa) and 38 (34, 44) cmH 2O, respectively, which were lower than those before operation, with statistical significance (both P<0.05). Postoperative platelet count and white blood cell count in SDD-GSR group were lower than those in control group, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). The Child-Pugh grading of recent postoperative liver function in SDD-GSR group was better than that in control group, with statistical significance ( P<0.05). The complication rate (abdominal infection and portal vein thrombosis) of control group was higher than SDD-GSR group. Conclusion:SDD-GSR is better than splenectomy combined with pericardial vascularization since it has less intraoperative bleeding, obvious improvement of liver function and fewer complications, and it may be an effective surgical option for the treatment of portal hypertension of cirrhosis.

Objective To investigate the influence of anastomotic leakage (AL) on long-term survival after resection for rectal cancer. Methods Clinicopathological data of 653 rectal cancer cases confirmed by pathology and undergoing R0 resection for rectal cancer in our department from January 2007 to December 2011 were retrospectively analyzed. Anastomotic leakage was found in 40 cases (AL group) and not in the other 613 cases (non-AL group). After median 47(1-91) months of follow-up, 5-year disease-free survival rate, distant metastasis rate and local recurrence rate were compared between the two groups. Risk factors affecting long-term prognosis were also analyzed. Results The 5-year disease-free survival rate, 5-year distant metastasis rate, and 5-year local recurrence rate were 78.1%, 14.2% and 4.2% in the non-AL group, and 74.5%, 20.1% and 8.4% in the AL group respectively, and the differences were not statistically significant(P=0.808, P=0.965, P=0.309). Multivariate analysis showed that preoperative neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy, TNM staging, abnormal CA199, preoperative low level of albumin were independent prognostic factors of rectal cancer patients after R0 resection , while AL was not an independent factor of 5-year disease-free survival (P=0.910). Further multivariate analysis on 507 cases receiving postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy also revealed that AL was not an independent factor of 5-year disease-free survival (P>0.05). Percentage difference of patients finishing postoperative chemotherapy between the two groups was not statistically significant (79.4% vs. 76.3%, P=0.681). Conclusion AL is not an independent predictor of long-term survival for rectal cancer.

Objective To investigate the influence of anastomotic leakage (AL) on long-term survival after resection for rectal cancer. Methods Clinicopathological data of 653 rectal cancer cases confirmed by pathology and undergoing R0 resection for rectal cancer in our department from January 2007 to December 2011 were retrospectively analyzed. Anastomotic leakage was found in 40 cases (AL group) and not in the other 613 cases (non-AL group). After median 47(1-91) months of follow-up, 5-year disease-free survival rate, distant metastasis rate and local recurrence rate were compared between the two groups. Risk factors affecting long-term prognosis were also analyzed. Results The 5-year disease-free survival rate, 5-year distant metastasis rate, and 5-year local recurrence rate were 78.1%, 14.2% and 4.2% in the non-AL group, and 74.5%, 20.1% and 8.4% in the AL group respectively, and the differences were not statistically significant(P=0.808, P=0.965, P=0.309). Multivariate analysis showed that preoperative neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy, TNM staging, abnormal CA199, preoperative low level of albumin were independent prognostic factors of rectal cancer patients after R0 resection , while AL was not an independent factor of 5-year disease-free survival (P=0.910). Further multivariate analysis on 507 cases receiving postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy also revealed that AL was not an independent factor of 5-year disease-free survival (P>0.05). Percentage difference of patients finishing postoperative chemotherapy between the two groups was not statistically significant (79.4% vs. 76.3%, P=0.681). Conclusion AL is not an independent predictor of long-term survival for rectal cancer.

Objective:To investigate the evaluation value of one-stop whole-brain dynamic volume CT angiography and CT perfusion imaging (CTA-CTP) in the cynomolgus monkeys models of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO).Methods:Ten adult cynomolgus monkeys were selected and examined by head and neck CTA-CTP and craniocerebral MRI to rule out craniocerebral space-occupying lesions or cerebrovascular malformation. Under guidance of digital substraction angiography (DSA), the right femoral artery was dissected and monkey autologous thrombosis was injected into the right middle cerebral artery (MCA) through microcatheter to prepare MCAO models. Whole brain DSA was performed intraoperatively to observe whether the model was successfully prepared, and head and neck CTA-CTP was performed 24 h and 7 d after modeling to determine the locations and brain blood flow changes of ischemic lesions. The monkeys were sacrificed 8 d after modeling, and the brain tissues were stained with 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC).Results:Among the 10 cynomolgus monkeys, one was excluded because of preoperative cerebrovascular malformation, and one died of cerebral hernia caused by cerebral hemorrhage during the experiment. The remaining 8 MCAO models were successfully prepared. Intraoperative DSA orthography showed unclear M1 segment and distal branch of MCA. Brain CT scan 24 h and 7 d after modeling showed obvious cerebral ischemic lesions in the right MCA blood supply area, and the infarct extent 7 d after surgery was more obvious than that 24 h after surgery. CTA examination showed obvious blood flow interruption imaging in the in M1 segment of MCA on the right side, the distal vessels were not clearly displayed and the distal branches of the infarct side 7 d after surgery were obvious decreased as compared with those 24 h after surgery. CTP scan showed that the cerebral blood volume of the right cerebrum was obviously reduced as compared with that of the left cerebrum, which was consistent with the blood supply area of MCA; and the infarct cores and penumbra areas 7 d after surgery were obvious increased as compared with those 24 h after surgery. TTC staining showed that the ischemic lesions of the brain tissue on the slices were gray and involved multiple layers, and the range was roughly consistent with the infarction sites shown by DSA and CT imaging.Conclusion:One-stop whole brain dynamic volume CTA-CTP has good evaluation value in imaging findings in MCAO animal models.