Objective To verify the authors' previous cDNA micro-array results and to further investigate the moleculer mechanisms of gastric cancer. Methods Quantitative real-time RT-PCR was employed to detect the expressions of three S100A calcium-binding genes in 22 fresh surgical samples of gastric tumor tissue and non-cancerous mucosa from the same patients. Results The transcription level of S100A2 in primary cancer lesion was elevated in 80% of samples when compared with matching non-neoplastic mucosa (P=0.018) and the average up-regulation level was 10.78 fold. 55% of cancer lesions showed higher transcription level of S100A4 than their adjacent non-neoplastic mucosa, the average up-regulation level was 2.31 fold. S100A6 transcription level was higher in 74% (P=0.01) of primary cancer lesion with an 2.25 fold up-regulation than the adjacent non-neoplastic mucosa. After rectified by ?_2-microglobulin, the relative expression levels of S100A2, S100A4 and S100A6 were 2.83?10~ -4 , 6.44?10~ -2 and 0.41, respectively. According to the Spearman correlation coefficient analysis there were significant positive correlations between S100A2 and S100A4, and S100A2 and S1006 (P value were 0.00 and 0.017, respectively). Conclusion The changes in S100A2 and S100A6 genes may be an early event in a majority of gastric cancer patients, while S100A4 may be associated with the infiltration of gastric cancer. Further study on the three genes might be helpful for understanding the nature of gastric carcinoma.

Objective To study the expression of S100A4 in gastric cancer and normal gastric tissue, and analyze its correlation with the clinico-pathological features and prognosis of gastric cancer. Methods Real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR (real time qRT-PCR) was used to detect the S100A4 expression in 20 fresh surgical samples of gastric cancer and normal gastric tissue as controls. The microarray of gastric cancer tissue was established for the analysis of the S100A4 expression immunohistochemically in 208 gastric cancer tissue and isogeneic normal gastric mucosa and lymph node with metastasis. Results The S100A4 expression was increased in 55% (11/20) of gastric cancer samples with an average of 2.31 fold up-regulation of that of the normal mucosa. Patients with lymph node metastasis showed a higher percentage of elevated S100A4 transcription than those without metastasis (P=0.024). As displayed by immunohistochemistry, the positive rate of S100A4 in non-neoplastic mucosa, primary tumor and lymph node with metastasis was 9.4%, 28.1% and 32.2%, respectively (P≤0.01). A higher percentage of elevated S100A4 expression was shown in patients in advanced stage than in patients in early stage (P=0.004). In primary tumor lesions, the S100A4 expression correlated significantly with the depth of invasion (P=0.003) and poorer prognosis (P=0.034). S100A4 expression in lymph node with metastasis was also associated with poor outcome (P=0.002). Multifactorial Cox's regression analysis showed that TNM stage (P=0.029) and the expression levels of S100A4 (P=0.024) in lymph node were independent influence factors for prognosis. Conclusions Expression of S100A4 may be a late event which is associated with the progression and prognosis of gastric cancer. The analysis of S100A4 expression in lymph-node metastasis is helpful in judging the prognosis of gastric cancer.

Objective To put forward the prevention advice on foreign body suction,and to discuss the effica-cy,safety and application experience of flexible bronchoscopy in the diagnosis and treatment of tracheobronchial foreign bodies in children. Methods The treatment experience of 38 cases for airway foreign body removal with flexible bron-choscopy and granulation tissue proliferation in Argon plasma coagulation ( APC ) ( argon knife ) combining carbon dioxide( CO2 ) cryotherapy in Bayi Children′s Hospital Affiliated to General Hospital of Beijing Military Command from January 2013 to December 2014 were reviewed,and the clinical data including age,gender,treatment time for inhaled foreign body,clinical and X-ray manifestations,location of the foreign body,treatment with bronchoscopy with APC and cryotherapy,complications and outcomes were analyzed. Results There were 38 cases of patients including 31 male (81. 6%) and 7 female(18. 4%),aged from 10 months to 14 years old,with mean age 28. 5 months;among them there were 30 cases with definite history of foreign body,accounting for 78. 9%;the most common clinical symptom was cough among the cases,accounting for 84. 3%;X ray showed 15 cases with ipsilateral lung atelectasis,accounting for 39. 5%, emphysema in 17 cases,accounting for 44. 7%,pneumonia change in 6 cases,accounting for 15. 8%,there were 11 ca-ses who had lung computerized tomography examination when coming to the hospital,and only 1 case could be seen to have foreign body shadow;microscopic examination found that inhaled foreign body in the right bronchus accounted for 57. 9%,and peanut was the main foreign body inhalation in this group;only 4 cases(10. 5%) had definite diagnosis and foreign body removal within 24 h after foreign body aspiration,moreover,34 cases(89. 5%) with foreign body aspi-ration got the diagnosis and treatment after 24 h;crying was the primary inducement for inhaled foreign body. All the 38 cases of children with inhaled foreign body experienced removal under flexible bronchoscopy. There were 19 cases (50. 0%) who had granulation tissue proliferation around the foreign body,among which 5 cases of foreign body was wrapped by the proliferation of granulation tissue,with APC dealing with the granulation tissue of foreign body surface to remove foreign body after exposure,then giving CO2 cryotherapy. Nevertheless,there were 9 cases of foreign body who had granulation tissue but was not wrapped,receiving CO2 cryotherapy directly after the foreign body removal. One case of this group had bradycardia during the surgery,and 2 cases had postoperative bleeding,but there was no death cases with foreign bodies removal. Conclusions Education is the key to prevent foreign body aspiration in infants under 3 years old. Flexible bronchoscopy is safe to remove foreign bodies from the respiratory tract and has fewer complications, so it is one of the alternative methods in diagnosis and treatment of foreign body inhalation.

Objective To explore the operating methods,the effectiveness and safety for 2 cases of tracheal in-tubation related severe subglottic stenosis under laryngeal mask by using bronchoscopy in the diagnosis and interven-tional treatment. Methods Two male patients ( age at 4 and 11 months) both had difficulty breathing and weaning failure after endotracheal intubation,who were diagnosed with severe subglottic stenosis through CT and bronchoscopy examination. All parents signed their consent after being fully informed of treatment risks. Two cases were treated under bronchoscopic holmium laser combined with argon plasma coagulation and freezing treatment by using the laryngeal mask. The clinical data, complications and postoperative outcome and follow-up were analyzed. Results Two cases were operated successfully,the subglottic granulation tissue of 1 case was completely removed,2 cases of patients had subglottic narrow annular completely removed, and there was no problem for 4. 0 mm bronchoscope to get through,postoperative tracheal catheter was successfully extracted,dyspnea was significantly improved. Two cases imme-diately showed well open after treatment,7 d,30 d and 90 d through endoscopic examination. During the operation,oxy-gen saturation decreased and heart rate increased fast or slowed down,but after operation and oxygen got resumed,they immediately recovered,and there were no abnormal hemodynamic changes during and after operation. The two cases were still under follow-up. Conclusions The laryngeal mask holmium laser,argon plasma coagulation and cryotherapy can be used to remove acquired granulation tissue hyperplasia caused by subglottic stenosis,which is safe and effective, and the short-term effect was remarkable. Long-term effect still needs to be further assessed through follow-up.

Objective To investigate whether myocardial dysfunction and perfusion impairment had happened in diabetes mellitus(DM)rats,and to assess the relationship between them by using myocardial contrast echocardiography(MCE)and velocity vector imaging(VVI).Methods MCE and VVI were performed from the short-axis views of the mid-left ventricular level both at rest and after dipyridamole stress in control rats and DM rafs(12 weeks after induction with streptozotocin).MCE-derived myocardial blood flow(MBF)and myocardial flow reserve(MFR)and VVI-derived circumferential strain rate(SRc)and SRc reserve were obtained.Results SRc(absolute value)and MBF in the DM group were significantly lower than those in the control group at rest(P =0.03 for SRc and P =0.005 for MBF).SRc reserve and MFR in the DM group were significantly lower than those in the control group after dipyridamole stress (P =0.000 for SRc reserve and P =0.014 for MFR).There was no significant correlation between SRc and MBF at rest in the DM group(r =0.189,P =0.453).However,significant negative correlation existed between SRc reserve and MFR(r =-0.658,P =0.003).Conclusions Both myocardial systolic function and perfusion are impaired in DM rats.The decrease of MBF might not be the predominant determinant of myocardial systolic dysfunction at rest.However,the impairment of MFR could be an important contributor to the decrease of myocardial contractile reserve.

A rapid headspace gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometric ( HS-GC/MS ) method was established for the analysis of volatile fatty acids ( VFAs ) in the feces. Feces were suspended by 6%phosphoric acid aqueous solution (1:2 m/V) and sealed in the headspace bottle for HS-GC/MS analysis. The HS-GC/MS method was optimized as follows: agitator temperature ( temp. ):80 ℃, syringe temp.:80 ℃, sample incubation time: 30 min, injection: 1 mL without split-flow. The chromatographic separation was performed on a DB-FFAP capillary column (30m×0. 25 mm×0. 25 μm) with injection port temp.:250 ℃. The temperature program ( initial temp. at 50 ℃ within first 1 min, and raised to 200 ℃ by 10 ℃/min) was employed by fixing the flow of carrier gas (high purity helium) at 1. 0 mL/min. The electron energy at -70 eV for electron impact ( EI ) ionization, ion source temp.: 250 ℃, transfer line temp.:280 ℃, the voltage of electron multiplier at 0. 95 kV. The spectra were recorded in the range of m/z 33-200 for full scan. The established HS-GC/MS method could be applied to analyze VGAs in the feces from human and rat appropriately. There are nine VFAs identified in the feces from human, and eight VFAs detected in the feces from rat by retrieving the NIST library, comparing with the standards and analyzing the MS data. Furthermore, the relative percentage contents of acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid accounted for roughly 85% of all VFAs by area normalization. The method is simple and sensitive, and it can be used to rapidly detect VFAs in the feces from human and rat.

Objective To investigate the feasibility and clinical effectiveness of interventional ventricular septal defect(VSD) occlusion using asymmetric occluders in patients whose VSD are adjacent to aortic valves.Methods One hundred and fifty-two patients from our hospital whose VSD were occluded with asymmetric occluders were examined by echocardiography.Dimensions,shapes and shunts of VSD,structures around defects were observed and aortic valve prolapse(AVP) degrees were accessed before the interventions.The patients were followed up periodically after the procedures.The longest follow-up was 6 years.Results Sizes of VSD measured from left ventricular side were larger than those measured from right ventricular side.Twenty-seven cases with VSD had mild AVP.Right sides of defects had adhesions with variable morphological patterns in 85% patients with perimembranous VSD.After occlusion,there were 7 cases showed residual shunt,2 cases with the third degree atrio-ventricular blockages,3 cases appeared aortic-valve regurgitations (AR) and 1 case with slightly increased AR.Conclusions Immediate and medium-term effects of interventional occlusion with asymmetric occluders were satisfactory in the patients with VSD and mild AVP whose aortic valve margin were insufficient to symmetric occluders.Surgical operation should be preferred to patients with VSD and moderate to severe AVP and to very young children.Pre-closure echocardiographic evaluation is critical to the success of interventional closure with asymmetric occluder and the long-term out coming.

Objective To investigate whether myocardial contrast echocardiography(MCE)combined with stress echocardiography could detect myocardial microcirculation disturbance of left ventricular(LV)in diabetic rats.Methods MCE were performed at rest and after dipyridamole infusion from parasternal shortaxis views at the papillary muscle level in DM rats(n=18,12 weeks later after STZ administration)and control rats(n=12).Regions of interest(ROI)were positioned with the anterior, lateral, posterior and septum walls.Plateau intensity(PI), initial slope of the curve(β)and time to PI(TTP)were obtained from the curve and myocardial blood flow(MBF)and myocardial flow reserve(MFR)was estimated.After the performance of MCE, myocardium was prepared for γ Well counting with ~(99m)Tc-MIBI and CD31 immunohistochemistry staining.Results There was no significant difference in MBF between the ROI of anterior, lateral, septum walls beyond posterior wall in each group at rest and after stress.MCE values from anterior wall were selected as the indexes for comparisons between the two groups.The PI., MBF and MFR in the DM group were significantly lower than those in the control group at rest and after stress(all P< 0.05).The β in the DM group was significantly lower and TTP was significantly longer after dipyridamole stress(P<0.05).The nuclide intake of myocardial tissue in different walls was similar in the DM group, but theY were all lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).The capillary density decreased significantly in the DM group compared with the control group.Conclusions The PI,β,TTP,MBF and MFR derived from MCE were all sensitive parameters in detecting the microcirculation disturbances in the earlier period of DM.

Objective To study the value of EUS-FNA cytology and fluid carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) for differential diagnosis of malignant and benign pancreatic cystic lesions.Methods Data of 27 patients who underwent EUS-FNA were reviewed.According to Youden exponent,the optimal cut-off points for cyst fluid CEA were determined by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.Compared with surgical pathology,the accuracy,sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of the EUS imaging,cytology as well as cyst fluid CEA were determined.Results Of the 27 cases,14 were diagnosed as benign lesions,13 were diagnosed as malignant or premalignant lesions.The accuracy,sensitivity,specificity,PPV and NPV of EUS imaging were 77.8％ (21/27),69.2％(9/13),85.7％ (12/14),81.8％ (9/11) and 75.0％ (12/16).The accuracy,sensitivity,specificity,PPV and NPV of EUS-FNA cytology were 85.2％ (23/27),76.9％ (10/13),92.9％ (13/14),90.9％ (10/11),and 81.3％ (13/16).The corresponding values of fluid carcinoembryonic antigen under the ROCderived ideal cut-off were 74.1％ (20/27),84.6％ (11/13),64.3％ (9/14),68.8％ (11/16) and 81.8％ (9/11) (CEA ＞ 22.24 ng/ml).Conclusion EUS-FNA cytology is highly accurate and specific for differential diagnosis of malignant and benign pancreatic cystic lesions.Cyst fluid CEA shows better sensitivity.EUS-FNA cytology and cyst fluid CEA analysis can basically meet the requirement of differentiating the benign and (pre)malignant pancreatic cystic lesions.

Objective Learn about prevalence of depressive symptoms and to determine the relationship of depressive symptoms with social capital and social networks among migrant female adolescents.Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 329 single females selected by convenience sampling who were aged from 16 to 28 years old,having worked for from one month to ten years.Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale(CES-D) was used to evaluate the status of depressive symptoms that were sentenced by total score ≥20.Self-compiled items were applied to assess social capital with six aspects involving organizational characteristics,exclusion,etc.and social networks included size and density with score ranging from 1 to 15 and from 0 to 1 respectively.Results The prevalence of depressive symptom was 52.9% in participants.Working in restaurants(OR=0.554),being younger(OR=0.506),high scores of solidarity,trust and cooperation of neighborhood(OR=0.964,0.758) were associated with low risk of depressive symptoms.Conclusions Female migrant adolescents from rural to urban should be paid more attention to in depression prevention.Improving solidarity,trust and cooperation in neighborhood in city could probably decrease risk of their depressive symptoms.