Objective To study the effects of PTEN and missense mutations in PTEN phosphotase domain on AKT phosphorylation in AGS and BGC-823 cells. Methods The plasmids of wtPTEN,PTEN-C124S which PTEN mutant is in both lipid and protein phosphotase domain and PTEN-G129E which PTEN mutant is only in lipid phosphotase domain were respectively transfected into AGS and BGC-823 cells. The cells were stimulated with insulin or rhEGF after serum starvation overnight. The levels of AKT phosphorylation were detected by Western blot. Results Both insulin and rhEGF can activate AKT phosphorylation in gastric cancer cells. Overexpressed PTEN inhibitedAKT phosphorylation induced by insulin or rhEGF(P < 0.05). PTEN mutants C124S or G129E could not inhibitAKT phosphorylation(P > 0.05). Conclusions PTEN can inhibit AKT phosphorylation induced by insulin or rhEGF in gastric cancer cells. Missense mutations in the 124th or 129th amino acid of PTEN phospho-tase domain do not exert inhibitive function.

Objective Pneumoperitoneum is usually the result of hollow visceral perforation and requires emergent laparotomy.However,about 10％ of patients lack a pathologic cause requiring surgical intervention and can be resolved with conservative management.The aim of this study is to discuss the indications for conservative management of pneumoperitoneum in children.Methods We retrospectively reviewed the data of 5 children with pneumoperitoneum without peritonitis treated in our pediatric surgery department between January 2009 and December 2010.Results There were 5 children with an average age 5.4 years.Radiologic examinations demonstrated pneumoperitoneum and visceral perforations were suspected in the local hospitals.The abdominal examination revealed no peritoneal signs in all patients.Among them,peritoneal aspirations were implemented in 4 patients and the results were negative.One of five patients underwent laparotomy that demonstrated no visceral perforation.The remaining four were successfully managed conservatively and the pneumoperitoneum was completely resolved between 3 and 9 days.All children were without abdominal symptoms and signs throughout at least 2 years follow-up.Conclusion The presence of free intraperitoneal air does not always indicate hollow visceral perforation and the need for emergent laparotomy.It appears that therapeutic effectiveness can be readily achieved with conservative management in children with pneumoperitoneum without peritonitis.

Glioma is the most frequently observed primary tumor of the central nervous system in adults. Among the glioma cases, more than three quarters of patients suffer from high-grade gliomas. High-grade glioma is not only a high-degree malignant tumor but is also an easily recurring disease after surgery with a very poor prognosis. Radiotherapy plus concomitant chemotherapy after operation is the standard treatment strategy for high-grade gliomas, which could increase the survival rate of patients. However, the curative effect is really not satisfactory because it could only guarantee a limited survival time. Over the recent years, molecular-targeted treatment has increasingly drawn the attention of scholars with the continuous development in glioma treatment, thereby becoming the hotspot among researchers. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is highly expressed in glioma and in the tissues surrounding the cancer cells. VEGF could regulate tumor growth by inducing endothelial cell proliferation, growth, migration, and by increasing the vascular permeability. Hence, VEGF becomes an effective target for the treatment of glioma. Bevacizumab is a monoclonal antibody that can specifically prevent the combination of VEGF and its receptor, thereby inhibiting the formation of tumor blood vessels. At the same time, bevacizumab can normalize the tumor blood vessels, improve the permeability of blood vessels, and increase the effectiveness of drug concentration in the tumor tissues, thereby achieving anticancer efficacy. In this paper, the mechanism of bevacizumab is introduced. The research progress in the application of bevacizumab alone, as well as in combination with chemotherapy or other drugs, for the high-grade glioma treatment will be summarized.

Objective:To explore a method for setting up three dimensional finite element model of posterior glass fiber reinforced composite resin-bonded-fixed-partial dentures (GFRC-RBFPD) including restoration, periodontal tissue and alveolar bone. Methods:A stone model was fabricated including abutments and pontic of restoration, then it was scanned with laser scanner. Acquired data were integrated in Geomagic 5.0. Basic 3D geometric model was established. Different parts of abutement and prosthesis were designed in I-DEAS 10 NX Series and Geomagic, then periodontal tissue and alveolar bone were set up in Geomagic 5.0. Completed 3D geometric model was input into MSC.Marc Mentat 2003 for mesh generation. Boundary conditions were defined. Model was calculated in Mentat 2003. Results:3D geometric model and finite element model including GFRC-RBFPD, abutments, periodontal membrane and bone (bone lamina dura,cortical bone and cancellous bone) were established.Little contour information was lost, comparability between models was improved.Conclusion:The 3-dimensional laser scanning technique, CAD and mesh generation technique are effective in the establishment of 3-dimensional finite element model of GFRC-RBFPD.

Objective To investigate the short-term effect of pelvic floor muscle training (PFM) with biofeedback on stress urinary incontinence (SUI) in postpartum and post-menopausal women.Methods According to the different period that the SUI occurs,107 women with SUI were divided into two groups:the group of SUI in postpartum with 60 women,and the group of SUI in post-menopausal with 47 women.PFM with biofeedback was performed on all patients for 8 weeks.One hour pad-weighing test,voiding diary,transperineal three-dimensional ultrasound and female pelvic floor muscle assessment were recorded before and after treatment.Results There was statistically significant difference in 1 hour padweighing test between pre-treatment and post-treatment for the group of SUI in postpartum (the negative,mild,moderate,and severe cases of post-treatment:21,24,14,1,of pre-treatment:0,30,28,2; P＜0.05),and the group of SUI in post-menopausal (the negative,mild,moderate,and severe cases of post-treatment:7,22,11,7,of pre-treatment:0,14,25,8; P＜0.05).The strength of the pelvic floor muscles of type Ⅰ and type Ⅱin two groups after treatment were significantly different from those in pre-treatment (P＜0.01).The efficient rate of improvement in symptoms after treatment in the group of SUI in postpartum was 88％ (53/60) and the cure rate was 38％ (23/60).While the efficient rate in the group of SUI in post-menopausal women was 64％(30/47) and the cure rate was 15％ (7/47).There was statistically significant difference in the development of symptoms in two groups after treatment (P=0.003).Conclusion PFM with biofeedback is an effective treatment for SUI in postpartum and post-menopausal women,especially for postpartum ones.

Objective To evaluate the diastolic function and relationship between diastolic function and early diastolic synchrony in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) by real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT-3DE) volume-time curves (VTC) after cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT).Methods Thirty-nine patients with DCM were enrolled by RT-3DE VTC before and 1 week,6 months,12 months after CRT,draw the left ventricular (LV) 16,12,6 segments LV diastolic early volume standard deviation of the time (Tedv-SD),and with the R-R interval normalized as early diastolic unsynchronized index (DDI) ;draw end-systolic volume (LVESV),LV end-diastolic volume (LVEDV),LV ejection fraction (LVEF) ;and calculate the diastolic peak filling rate(PFR),the ratio of early diastolic volume and enddiastolic volume(EDVearly/EDV).Results LVEDV,LVESV had no significant improvement.Compared with the before and 1 week after CRT,but the improvement was statistically significant after 6 months and 12 months (P ＜0.05,P ＜0.01); LVEF after 1 week,6 months and 12 months were statistically significant (P ＜0.05) ;Compared with before,PFR after 6 months was significantly increased (P ＜0.05),EDVearly/EDV at 12 months after CRT was significantly reduced (P ＜ 0.01); There was a significantly shortened in each segment (Tedv-SD)/R-R 1 week after CRT (P ＜0.01),but the parameters had no obvious improvement later.Correlation analysis:△ DDI and △ EDVearly/EDV reduction was significant positive correlation (r =0.52,P ＜0.01),△DDI and PFR has negative correlation (r =-0.40,P ＜ 0.05),△ EDVearly/EDV and △PFR also had a good relationship (r =-0.56,P ＜0.01).Conclusions The LV synchrony and diastolic function were improved after CRT in patients with DCM; PFR,EDVearly/EDV can be used as evaluation of left ventricular diastolic function effectively targets.

Objective To study the emmetropization in guinea pig eyes during the normal development from birth in order to provide theoretical basis to use guinea pigs as model for research on near-sightedness.Methods Sixty-four guinea pigs were assigned to 8 groups (n=8,4 male/4 female).Each group underwent a series of ocular examinations at one of the 8 time-points (0,1,2,3,5,7,9 and 11 weeks),including refraction(R),radius of corneal curvature (RCC),depth of anterior segment(AS),thickness of crystalline lens (CL),length of vitreous chamber (VC)and axial length (AL).Pooled results from both eyes of the same animals with mixed sexes can be used for further assessment of the emmetropization with the associated biometrical changes of the eye.Correlations were made between RCC,AS,CL,VC,AL and R. Results There were no significant differences between the right eye and left eye or between male and female in results of all the examinations. The refraction at birth was (+5.25?0.22 )D in guinea pigs.This value rapidly decreased during the first 3 weeks,approaching(+1.34?0.61) D by 11 weeks.There was no significant difference in refraction between 9 and 11 weeks (P= 0.215). The RCC was (3.23?0.01) mm at birth,AS was (1.20?0.00) mm at birth,CL was (2.72?0.02) mm at birth and VC was (3.27?0.01) mm at birth,they increased within the first 3 weeks despite a transient decrease in the RCC within the first week.Such an increase continued except the AS which became constant after 3 weeks.The VC was more correlated to the emmetropization (r=-0.818,P

Objective To investigate the clinical value of digital subtraction angiography (DSA) interventional thrombolysis in the treatment of acute cerebral infarction.Methods 35 patients with acute cerebral infarction were divided into 6h group and 7-12h group in accordance with DSA from the onset time.Before and after thrombolytic therapy,the nerve function defect angiographic recanalization rate and postoperative score of therapeutic effect evaluation were compared between the two groups.Results In the 6h group,the recanalization rate ＞ 70％ (33.33 ％) and the recanalization rate ＞50％ (83.33％) were significantly higher than those in the 7-12h group (18.18％,55.55％),and the differences were statistically significant(x2 =6.56,5.02,all P ＜ 0.05).Before treatment,the ESS score between the two groups was not statistically significantly different(t =0.83,P ＞ 0.05).After treatment for 1d,7d,14d,ESS scores of the two groups [(62.44 ± 9.82) points,(68.95 ± 11.23) points,(73.89 ± 11.24) points,(54.67 ± 9.11) points,(58.02 ± 10.47) points,(61.43 ± 10.23) points] were significantly higher than those before treatment [(42.12 ± 8.79) points,(41.92 ± 9.02) points,t =6.87,7.03,7.92,6.03,6.56,6.77,all P ＜ 0.05].After treatment for 1 d,7d,14d,the ESS scores of the 6h group [(62.44 ± 9.82) points,(68.95 ± 11.23) points,(73.89 ± 11.24) points] were significantly higher than those of the 7-12h group [(54.67 ± 9.11) points,(58.02 ±10.47) points,(61.43 ± 10.23) points],and the differences were statistically significant(t =5.45,5.10,4.23,all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion DSA interventional thrombolytic therapy can significantly improve the neurological status of the patients,and the onset time is shorter.The clinical treatment is better.In the clinical treatment,we should grasp the opportunity.

Objective: To evaluate the possibility of self-assembly oligopeptide(T2) for dental enamel biomimetics, especially for the prism’s crystal texture since it could prompt calcium phosphate precipitated in gel carrier. Methods:SEM (Scaning electron microscope) and TEM (Transmission electron microscope) were used to observe the morphologic presentation and ED(Electron diffraction) to crystal texture comparing with the human molar enamel powder. Results: (a) Flake-like and needle-like octacalcium phosphate precipitated in the gel carrier with self-assemble oligopeptide(T2). They transformed into rod-like hydroxyapatite crystals gradually in the following 2-4 weeks. (b) The rod-like hydroxyapatite may arrange or grow into bundles which are similar to the human enamel prisms in both appearance and size. (c) The rod-like hydroxyapatite showed polycrystal while the enamel prisms showed monocrystal under examination of ED. Conclusion:The self-assemble oligopeptide(T2) could regulate the speed of nucleation and crystallization of hydroxyapatite in morphology and crystalline size. Thus, the self-assembly oligopeptide and the gel carrier mineralization system could be primarily applied in biomimetic use for the crystallization of hydroxyaptite in dental prism in vitro.

The body is exposed to various organic anions,so it is the best way to remove the toxic substances in the body quickly and effectively.Cross epithelial active transport mediated by organic anion transporter is the rate limiting process.Renal secretion and re-absorption of a variety of endogenous and exogenous organic anions are occurred in the proximal tubular epithelial cells of the organic anion transporter family.The expression of organic anion transporter-1 (OAT1) in proximal tubular epithelial cells plays an important role in the introduction of organic anion into the renal tubular epithelial cells.This article reviewed the renal expression,the substrate and the polymorphism of the organic anion transport protein OAT1,the renal toxicity of adefovir dipivoxil,the interaction between organic anion transporters and drug,and the influence of the renal toxicity on the renal toxicity of adefovir dipivoxil.