Amyloid beta-peptides ( Aβ) is the key pathological feature of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). Various factors contrib-ute to the accumulations of Aβ in the brains of patients. Among them, blood-brain barrier ( BBB) plays a crucial role in trans-porting Aβ between the brain and the bloodstream while this transfer function is mediated by the receptor of Aβon BBB. The abnormality of Aβ transport and related receptor expression can be detected in the brains of patients with AD, resulting in an un-usual increase in Aβlevels unusually increased . This review e-laborates the structure and function of BBB, the transport of Aβand the expression and transport mechanism of the related recep-tor, as well as summarizes the possible clearance strategy of Aβacross the BBB.

A method of solid phase extraction coupled with ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry ( SPE-UPLC/MS/MS) was developed for the determination of 15 phthalate esters. Drinking water samples were concentrated by C18 SPE cartridge. The fifteen phthalate esters were separated on a phenyl column with gradient elution using methanol and water as mobile phases. Multiple reaction monitoring ( MRM) acquisition under positive ion mode was performed. The external matrix standard solutions were used for the quantitative determination. The linear range of Di-n-butyl phthalate was 0. 63-1000 μg/L. The other 14 phthalate esters showed good linearity in the range of 0 . 002-500 μg/L with the correlation coefficients more than 0. 9970. The limits of quantification ( LOQ) were 2. 2-632 ng/L. The spiked recoveries ranged from 81 . 3% to 109%. The relative standard deviations were less than 14%.

[Objective]To discuss the treatment effect of locking compression plate(LCP)for proximal humeral complicated fractures.[Method]A retrospective study was done on 21 cases of proximal humeral fractures treated with LCP from April 2005 to June 2006.There were 13 male and 8 female,with age of 26-71 year(mean 42.3 year).According to Neer classification,15 cases were three-part fractures including 5 cases with anterior dislocation and 6 cases with primary osteoporosis;6 cases were four-part fractures including 3 cases with anterior dislocation and 2 cases with posterior dislocation.Reduction and fixation were done by deltopectoral-gap approach,the operator put the locking plate on 10mm positerior to the intergroove of tuberosity,5mm away from the tip of humeral greater tuberosity.If there were bone defects in the fracture site after reduction,they were treated with allografts,locking screws and unlocking screws were drilled into proximal and distal part of the fracture.Shoulder exercise should be performed passively three days after operation.One week after operation,active shoulder exercise was done,which was gradually intensified two weeks after operation.[Result]Twenty-one cases were followed up for 10-14 months,average 12.5 months,all fractures were union in 12 month.According to Neer shoulder score,the result was excellent in 11 cases,good in 7 and fair in 3,with excellent and good rate of 85%.[Conclusion]The screw of LCP can lock the plate so that the plate can firmly fixate the proximal humeral comminution fractures and osteoporosis bone,so simultaneously reach fracture union and function exercise,but attentions should be paid to the suitable procedure of LCP to avoid a series of problem of locking plate.

Proteio degradation via ubiquitin-proteasome system(UPS) is carried out with a wide variety of signallingpathways,from cell cycle and transcription to development.The mass spectrometry-based proteomics techniques are powerful tools in the research of UPS.The recent advance in the study of UPS by proteomics techniques is briefly reviewed.

Problem-based learning(PBL)plays an improtant role in fostering the ability of problem-solving,creative thinking and active learning of medical undergraduates.Based on the present clinical education resources,how to implement PBL at the largest advantages is the main issue we should concern.

Objective To explore the nursing experience of the safe intra-hospital transport of patients with the severe aspiration of the inhalation injury. Method The nursing measures for the intra-hospital transport of 2 cases of smoke pot inhalation injury caused by extracorporeal membrane oxygenation treatment were taken, including disease risk assessment, preparation for transport, organization of a transport team, effective vital signs monitoring during transport, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) pipeline monitoring and nursing and observation and nursing of complications. Result No emergency was found during the transport of patients and both of them were safely transported. Conclusion Such nursing measures as pre-transport assessment and preparation and bettering predictive nursing for the patients with severe inhalation pulmonary injury treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation are key to the safety during intra-hospital transport.

Meisoindigo is an indigo natural derivative commonly used in anti-cancer therapy. In the clinical application, it was also found to have good therapeutic effect on psoriasis. In order to further understand its mechanism of action, human normal keratinocyte cell line HaCaT and RAW 264.7 were used to identify if meisoindigo could affect the inflammatory factors such as NO and other important cytokines which were highly involved in psoriasis. Our results indicated that meisoindigo decreased the production of NO in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells and reduced the expression of cytokines in LPS-stimulated HaCaT cells. And TLR4-TAK-NF-kappaB was a possible pathway mainly involved in the attenuation of iNOS and pro-inflammatory cytokine production by meisoindigo, which may take part in the therapeutic effect of meisoindigo on psoriasis.

OBJECTIVE:To study the effect and its possible mechanism of Xuezhiping capsule on blood lipid levels of high blood lipid model golden hamsters. METHODS:Golden hamsters were randomly divided into normal control group,model group, atorvastatin group (3 mg/kg),combination group (Xuezhiping capsule 1.3 g/kg+atorvastatin 1.5 mg/kg),Xuezhiping capsule low-dose,medium-dose,high-dose groups(Xuezhiping capsule 1.3,2.6,5.2 g/kg),10 in each group. Hamsters in normal control group received normal diet,the other groups were given high-fat diet to establish high blood lipid model. Then relevant drugs were intragastrically given 2 weeks later. Normal control group and model group were intragastrically given equal volume of distilled wa-ter,once a day,for 4 weeks. After last administration,blood lipid indexes(TG,TC,HDL-C,LDL-C,FFA),mRNA and protein expressions of lipid metabolism related genes (PPAR-α,CYP7A1,ACOX,SREBP-1c,ACC1) were detected. RESULTS:Com-pared with normal control group,serum contents of TC,TG,LDL-C,FFA in model group increased,HDL-C content decreased;PPAR-α,CYP7A1,ACOX mRNA and protein expressions were weakened,SREBP-1c,ACC1 mRNA and protein expressions were enhanced(P<0.05). Compared with model group,above-mentioned indexes were obviously improved in Xuezhiping capsule high-dose group,atorvastatin group and combination group (except for HDL-C in Xuezhiping capsule high-dose group)(P<0.05);TC,TG,FFA contents,and PPAR-α,CYP7A1,ACOX,ACC1 mRNA,and CYP7A1,SREBP-1c,ACC1 protein were obviously improved in Xuezhiping capsule medium-dose group(P<0.05);TC,TG contents,and PPAR-α mRNA,and CYP7A1, SREBP-1c protein were obviously improved in Xuezhiping capsule low-dose group (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Xuezhiping cap-sule has a promising effect of lowering blood lipid,the mechanism may be related to activating PPAR-α and inhibiting SREBP-lc signaling pathway.

BACKGROUND:With more and more elderly patients suffering lumbar degenerative disease undergoing internal fixation, infection after spinal internal fixation is a common complication in orthopedic surgeries, but its treatment strategy remains controversial.OBJECTIVE: To explore the curative efficacy of incision infection after internal fixation in the elderly with lumbar degenerative disease.METHODS: 197 patients with lumbar degenerative disease undergoing internal fixation and followed up for more than 2 years admitted in Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Shijitan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University from January 2012 to January 2015, were analyzed retrospectively. The follow-up time was 2-4.9 years. There were 97 cases of lumbar stenosis, 29 cases of lumbar disc herniation, 33 cases of lumbar spondylolisthesis, 17 cases of degenerative scoliosis and 21 cases of lumbar compression fractures.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Eleven patients experienced incision infection, including ten acute, and one delayed infection. (2) Among acute infected cases, three were superficial infection in three cases and seven had deep infection,who characterized as exudation (10/10), local pain (8/10) and fever (9/10). Acute infected cases received bacterial culture, drug sensitive test, antibiotic therapy, and debridement of the infected wound, and leaving all internal fixators in situ in all but one case. (3) For delayed infection, one patient had local pain, incision exudation, and intermittent fever,and then the internal fixators were removed. (4) Pseudarthrosis was not founded during 2-year follow-up in all patients.(5) These results suggest that for the elderly patients suffering lumbar degenerative disease with infection after internal fixation, intravenous antibiotics, debridement plus drainage are recommended, but without internal fixator removal, and repetitive debridement and drainage is a rational choice if necessary.

Objective To explore the changes in fractional anisotropy (FA) among cerebral infarction pa-tients using MR diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and to verify the relationship between any FA changes and functional recovery. Methods Thirty-eight cerebral infarction patients were divided into two groups according to their recovery level using Brunnstrom's criteria. All the patients accepted routine MR and DTI examination, and FA values were measured during the acute, subacute and chronic stages of their recovery. Results Average FA values in the lesion area were significantly lower than in the corresponding contralateral area, and were highest daring the acute stage.There was no significant difference between the subacute and chronic stages. Conclusions The FA values of cere-bral infarction patients change during the different stages of recovery with a certain regularity. This may be valuable for clinical treatment and prognosis.