Objective To study the novel methods of VMAT planning based dose volume histogram ( DVH) optimization, evaluated the dosimetry and planning efficiency in VMAT planning for Esophageal Carcinoma. Methods Twelve Esophageal carcinoma patients were enrolled in this study. The conventional VMAT planning as the reference, using multi?criterion optimization DVH ( MCO?DVH ) and overlapping volume histogram prediction DVH ( OVH?DVH ) two different methods to get ideal objectives function for informing VMAT plans, Then evaluate the dosimetric, planning efficiency for all new VMAT plans. The difference between the paired t?test groups. Results The two VMAT plans based DVH objective function can meet the clinical needs. Compared with the conventional VMAT plan, Conformity index ( CI ) and Homogeneity index ( 0. 77 vs. 0. 72, P=0. 017 and 0. 10 vs. 0. 12, P=0. 047 ) is better in DVH informed plans;lung V5 and spinal cord V50 are better in MCO?DVH informed plan (54. 66 vs.60. 23,P=0. 013 and 0. 98 vs.0. 49,P=0. 037).Furthermore,the DVH informed plans had higher planning efficiency (8. 2 vs. 19. 5,P=0. 023) . Conclusions DVH Objective informed VMAT Planning can achieve clinical needs with much uniform dose to target,lower OAR dose and higher planning efficiency.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the degree and pattern of alveolar bone defect in aggressive periodontitis (AgP) using cone-beam CT (CBCT), and to investigate the distribution of alveolar bone defects in aggressive periodontitis.

METHODSForty AgP patients (age: 14-36 years, male: 15 cases, female: 25 cases) were selected by simple random method and scanned by CBCT. NNT software was applied to measure the average degree of alveolar bone defects and bone loss types in different regions.

RESULTSIn forty AgP patients, 86.6% (3,769/4,352) sites presented moderate and severe alveolar bone defects. In the maxilla, the molar areas presented the heaviest alveolar bone defect [(6.3±0.7) mm], the canine areas showed the lightest bone loss [(4.8±0.8) mm]. In the mandible, the incisal areas presented the heaviest alveolar bone defect [(5.9±0.9) mm], the canine areas showed the lightest bone loss[(5.1±0.7) mm]. The degree of alveolar bone defect in the areas of maxillary canine, maxillary molars, mandibular premolar was significantly different (P<0.05). The degree of alveolar bone defect in mandibular canine and mandibular molars was significantly differenct (P<0.01). The most serious alveolar bone defect was in the mesial side of maxillary molar [(6.9±0.7) mm] and the mesial side of mandibular incisor [(6.5±1.1) mm]. The oblique bone defects were found in the mesial part of the first molars in mandibula [13.6% (42/308)], the first molars in maxilla [12.0% (39/316)] and the first premolar in maxilla [10.8% (34/316)].

CONCLUSIONSThe alveolar bone defects of generalized AgP patients were serious. The most serious areas were located in the mesial side of maxillary molars and the mesial side of mandibular incisor.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aggressive Periodontitis ; diagnostic imaging ; Alveolar Process ; diagnostic imaging ; Bicuspid ; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography ; Cuspid ; Female ; Humans ; Incisor ; Male ; Mandible ; diagnostic imaging ; Maxilla ; diagnostic imaging ; Molar ; Software

Objective: To analysis the effect of nonoperative periodontal treatment on morphological changes of the schneiderian membrane of maxillary sinus in the chronic periodontitis patients by using oro-maxillaofacial cone-beam CT (CBCT) in order to provide the foundation in the diagnosis and treatment of maxillary sinusitis caused by chronic periodontitis. Methods: Totally 30 chronic periodontitis patients with schneiderian membrane thickening [(40.0±5.6) years old (ranged 26-55 years old), 18 males and 12 females] were randomly recruited in Department of Periodontics, School of Stomatology, China Medical University from June 2014 to December 2016. All patients were scanned by CBCT. The probing depth (PD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), plaque index (PLI) and bleeding index (BI) of the maxillary first and second premolars and molars were recorded. All patients received systematic nonoperative periodontal treatment. After six months, patients were reviewed, periodontal indexes and CBCT scanning were recorded. The thickness of the schneiderian membrane of maxillary sinus were analyzed by the software of CBCT. The changes of clinical parameters, parameter dimensional values of membrane thickness before and after treatment were statistically compared by t test. Results: In 30 chronic periodontitis patients, there was no statistically significant difference in the dimension and length of the maxillary sinus mucosa between the right and the left (P>0.05). The dimension of the mucosal thickening was positively correlated with PD and CAL values, and the correlation was statistically significant (P<0.05). Totally 58 maxillary sinus showed mucosal thickening. There were 20 mild thickening cases, and the dimension of mucosal thickening 6 months after treatment [(1.1±0.6) mm] was significantly lower than that before treatment [(2.5±0.7) mm] (P<0.05). There were 30 moderate thickening cases and the dimension of mucosal thickening 6 months after treatment [(2.3±0.6) mm] was significantly lower than that before treatment [(5.8±0.5) mm] (P<0.01). There were 8 severe thickening cases and the dimension of mucosal thickening 6 months after treatment [(4.2±0.4) mm] was also significantly lower than that before treatment [(11.2±1.8) mm] (P<0.01). The periodontal indexes of patients with mild, moderate and severe mucosal thickening in maxillary sinus showed statistically significant difference after treatment compared with before treatment (P<0.05). Conclusions Nonoperative periodontal treatment has a positive therapeutic significance for improving the schneiderian membrane thickening of maxillary sinus.

Objective To analyze the role of telehealth?based dialysis registration systems in real?time and dynamic reflection of renal anemia in hemodialysis (HD) patients, and discuss the prospect of its application in dialysis registration management. Methods The Red China project was to build up a dialysis registration system based on the WeChat mobile terminal platform. Demographic and baseline laboratory parameters such as age, gender, primary disease, dialysis age, creatinine were recorded in this system. Hemoglobin (Hb) level was monthly recorded. The platform generated Hb statistics report for each HD center monthly, including the detection rate, target rate and the distribution level of Hb, and released it to physicians through the WeChat terminal of mobile phone. After that, physicians could change the treatment of anemia individually on basis of this report. Here the demographic and baseline laboratory parameters, the detection rate, target rate, the average level and the distribution of Hb from June 2015 to October 2017 after the project launched were analyzed. Results From June 2015 to October 2017, 8392 maintenance HD patients from 28 HD centers in Shanghai were enrolled, of whom 5059(60.3％) were male.The average rate age was (60.5 ± 13.7) years old. Baseline average Hb was (108.3±16.0) g/L. Baseline detection rate and target rate were 54.2％and 47.5％, respectively. After 28 months follow?up, the detection rate of Hb increased from 54.2％ to 73.6％ (P<0.001), the target rate of Hb increased from 47.5％ to 56.1％ (P<0.001), and the level of average Hb rose from (108.3±16.0) g/L to (110.7±16.0) g/L. The difference between average Hb in two consecutive months was less than 1.3 g/L. Conclusions The telehealth?based dialysis registration system can timely report the anemia situation of HD patients, which may improve the awareness rate of anemia, the degree of attention and the compliance of anemia monitoring, so as to improve the detection rate and target rate of Hb and reduce the fluctuation of Hb, which helps to maintain the HD patients to correct anemia in a timely, stable and long?term way. The telehealth?based dialysis registration system, as an improved mode of dialysis registration is a promising way for long?term management of renal anemia in dialysis patients.

The morphology of the alveolar bone at the maxillary anterior teeth in periodontitis patients was evaluated by cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) to investigate the distribution of alveolar defects and provide guidance for clinical practice. Ninety periodontitis patients and 30 periodontally healthy individuals were selected to determine the morphology of the alveolar bone at the maxillary anterior teeth according to the degree of bone loss, tooth type, sex and age. The differences in the dimensions between periodontitis patients and healthy individuals were compared, and the distribution of alveolar bone defects was analyzed. A classification system was established regarding the sagittal positions and angulations of the teeth. The buccal residual bone was thicker and the lingual bone was thinner in the periodontitis patients than in the periodontally healthy individuals, and there were differences between the different tooth types, sexes and age subgroups. The buccal undercut was close to the alveolar ridge, while fenestration was reduced and the apical bone height was higher in periodontitis patients than in periodontally healthy individuals. The apical bone height increased with the aggravation of bone loss and age. The proportions of different sagittal positions changed with the aggravation of bone loss. Moreover, the teeth moved more buccally regarding the positions of the maxillary anterior teeth. The morphology of the alveolar bone at the maxillary anterior teeth differed between periodontitis patients and healthy individuals, and the differences were related to the degree of bone loss, tooth type, sex and age.

The prevalence of diabetes in China is increasing year by year， and has become a health issue of close concern to the whole society. Glucagon-like peptide-1 （GLP-1） receptor agonist （GLP-1RA）， as a new class of glucose-lowering drugs， is now widely used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus （T2DM） because of its significant glucose-lowering efficacy and low risk of hypoglycemia. As the level of evidence for its effects on improving cardiovascular system and renal protection and reducing body mass continues to improve， its status in the treatment guidelines for T2DM is gradually increasing. Currently， nine GLP-1RA drugs have been approved for the clinical treatment of T2DM in China. Although all of these drugs exert hypoglycemic effects based on the activation of GLP-1 receptors in the body， the differences in their own structures and natural GLP-1 amino acid homology lead to large differences in pharmacokinetic parameters and clinical efficacy among different analogs. In order to enable clinicians and pharmacists to have a full understanding of the characteristics and clinical evidence of these analogs and to better perform their therapeutic effects， Liaoning Provincial Pharmaceutical Society organized clinical medicine and pharmacy experts to develop a medication guide for nine GLP-1RA drugs to provide a reference for clinical medication needs and promote rational and standardized use by compiling and summarizing the pharmacological characteristics， clinical applications， adverse reactions， interactions， the medications in special populations and medication management.

Objective: To investigate the incidence and prognosis of cognitive impairment and to find out the risk factors associated with the outcome for better understanding and preventing cognitive impairment in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients. Methods: The patients who met the criteria as below: MHD patients (≥3 months) in Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from January 2000 to July 2014, ≥18 years old were enrolled and could carry on the montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) of voluntary cooperation. According to the score of MoCA, all enrolled patients were divided into two groups: cognitive impairment (MoCA<26) group and non-cognitive impairment (MoCA≥26) group. The follow-up period was 3 years. There were 130 males, and the incidence, demography data, medical history, hemodialysis data, laboratory examination and prognosis of cognitive impairment in hemodialysis patients were prospectively compared and analyzed. Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the risk factors of cognitive impairment. Kaplan-Meier survival curve and Cox regression model were used for prognostic analysis. Results: A total of 219 MHD patients were enrolled. The incidence of cognitive impairment in MHD patients was 51.6%. There were 130 males, and the ratio of male to female was 1.46∶1. Age was (60.07±12.44) years old and dialysis vintage was (100.79±70.23) months. Compared with non-cognitive impairment group (n=106), patients in cognitive impairment group (n=113) were older, and had higher proportion of education status<12 years, history of diabetes and anuria (all P<0.05); however, the post-dialysis systolic pressure, pre-dialysis diastolic pressure, post-dialysis diastolic pressure, platelet and spKt/V were lower (all P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that education status<12 years (OR=3.428, 95%CI 1.919-6.125, P<0.001), post-dialysis diastolic pressure<73 mmHg (OR=2.234, 95%CI 1.253-3.984, P=0.006) and spKt/V<1.72(OR=1.982, 95%CI 1.102-3.564, P=0.022) were the independent risk factors for cognitive impairment in MHD patients. The Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis showed that the survival rate of patients with cognitive impairment was lower than that of non-cognitive impairment group in MHD patients during 3 years follow-up (χ²=3.977, P=0.046). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that cognitive impairment was an independent risk factor for death in MHD patients (RR=2.661, 95%CI 0.967-7.321, P=0.058). Conclusions Cognitive impairment is one of the common complications and an independent risk factor for death in MHD patients. The mortality is high in patients who suffer cognitive impairment. Education status<12 years, post-dialysis diastolic pressure<73 mmHg and spKt/V<1.72 are the independent risk factors for cognitive impairment in MHD patients.