Objective To investigate into the protective effects of rosiglitazone on rat kidney fibroblasts(NRK)damaged by high glucose.Methods From Jan.2005 to Sep.2005,the NRK cells were cultured in vitro,and were divided into five groups:normal glucose group(NG,1 000 mg/L D-glucose),high glucose group(HG,4 500 mg/L D-glucose),HG+RGZ(5 ?mol/L),HG+RGZ(10 ?mol/L)and HG+RGZ(15 ?mol/L).The mRNA expressions of T MMP-1、TIMP-1 and Collagen Ⅲ were measured with RT-PCR.Results Compared with NG group,the mRNA expression of MMP-1 decreased markedly in HG group(P

ObjectiveTo observe the effects of different doses of Xuebijing on cerebral cortex apoptosis factors bcl-2 and bax in rats at early stage after cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).Methods Thirty-two healthy SD rats aged 12 weeks were divided into four groups by using a random number table method (each,n = 8); all the rats were intubated through the opening of tracheotomy, and the blood pressure was measured through the left/right femoral artery catheter. Asphyxiation was applied to rats, resulting in cardiac arrest (CA), and then cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) was carried out. After restoration of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), 0.9% normal saline 8 mL/kg, 0.9% normal saline 4 mL/kg + Xuebijing 4 mL/kg, 0.9% normal saline 2 mL/kg + Xuebijing 6 mL/kg and Xuebijing 8 mL/kg were given to model group, Xuebijing low dose group, middle dose group and high dose group respectively. The rat body weight, time of CA, CPR-ROSC time, ROSC ratio and the amounts of dopamine and 0.9% saline used in 24 hours were recorded. The positive protein expression levels of bcl-2 and bax in rat cerebral cortex and the ratio of bcl-2/bax was measured at 24 hours after ROSC.Results Compared with the model group, the amount of 0.9% normal saline (mL: 4.2±1.2, 2.6±1.0, 2.5±1.0 vs. 5.5±1.1,P < 0.05) and of dopamine used in 24 hours (μg: 1865±189, 1376±197, 1215±145 vs. 3526±141,P < 0.05), the levels of positive protein expression of bcl-2 (%: 33.4±4.3, 25.5±4.6, 26.1±4.2 vs. 38.5±5.1), and of bax at 24 hours after ROSC (%: 39.5±4.3, 32.8±3.8, 31.9±3.7 vs. 44.3±5.1) and the ratio of bcl-2/bax (0.87±0.16, 0.72±0.13, 0.71±0.14 vs. 0.89±0.11) was significantly decreased in low, middle and high dose groups (allP < 0.05). Compared with the low dose group, the amount of 0.9% normal saline and dopamine used in 24 hours, protein expression levels of bcl-2 and bax at 24 hours and the ratio of bcl-2/bax in middle dose and high dose groups were all lower than those in low dose group (allP < 0.05).Conclusion Xuebibing 6 mL/kg applied at early stage after CPR in rats may show relatively good protective effect on cerebral cortex.

Objective To investigate the effects of rosiglitazone on the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in renal interstitial fibroblasts induced by cyclosporine A, and discuss renal protective effect of rosiglitazone on renal toxicity of cyclosporine A. Methods Construction, screening and amplification of the target siRNA vector for PPARγ were carried out.The inhibitory effect of siRNA on the expression of PPARγ in normal rat kidney (NRK) cells was evaluated.NRK cells were cultured in the routine way.Experimental groups: (1)control group:single NRK cells without treatment; (2)RGZ group:NRK cells with RGZ (10 μmol/L); (3)CsA group:NRK cells with CsA (1.0 mg/L); (4)CsA+RGZ group:NRK cells with CsA (1.0 mg/L) plus RGZ (10 μ mol/L); (5)CsA+RGZ+siRNA group:pRNAT-U6.2/Lenti-PPARγ-236 plasmid transfected into NRK cells,then CsA (1.0 mg/L) plus RGZ (10 μmol/L).The mRNA expression of PPARγ was detected by real-time RCR.The mRNA expressions of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 were detected by RT-RCR.The protein expression of FN was detected by Western blotting. Results CsA up-regulated the mRNA level of PPARγ,MMP-9 and TIMP-1 (P＜0.05),and the up-regulation was inhibited by RGZ significantly (P＜0.05).The application of PPARγ siRNA resulted in the decreasing of PPARγ mRNA (P＜0.05),and partly reversed the inhibition effect of RGZ on MMP-9 and TIMP-1 mRNA (all P＜0.05).CsA up-regulated the protein level of FN (P＜0.05),and this effect was significantly inhibited by RGZ (P＜0.05).The application of PPARγ siRNA could reverse the inhibition effect of RGZ on FN protein expression (P＜0.05). Conclusion RGZ can inhibit the expressions of FN,MMP-9 and TIMP-1 induced by CsA which may be the mechanism of the protective effect of RGZ on renal interstitial fibrosis induced by CsA.

Objective To analyze the disorder status of calcium-phosphorus metablism in maintenance hemodialysis patients. Methods Serum calcium, serum phosphorus, calcium-phosphorus product and PTH were detected in 70 patients with maintenance hemodialysis ,and compared with the indicators of K/DOQI guidelines. Results There were 36 cases over 50 years age and 34 cases less than 50 years age in 70 cases, and there were no significant differences in serum calcium, serum phosphorus, calcium-phosphorus product and PTH between two groups (P ＞0.05). The longer the dialysis, the more obvious changes of serum phosphorus and PTH levels, and there were significant differences(P ＜0.05). In 70 cases ,46 cases(65. 7%) serum calcium,34 cases(48.6%) serum phosphorus ,40 cases(57. 1%) calcium and phosphorus product,28 cases(40%) PTH met the requirement of K/DOQI guidelines,only 18 cases (25.7%) of all indicators reached the K/DOQI requirements. Conclusion The calcium-phosphorus metablism in most hemodialytic patients still cannot reach the K/DOQI guidelines.

Reference materials ( RMs) have been widely used in measurement laboratories , and it is critical to recognise that the material most appropriate for a particular application should be used .Certified reference materials ( CRMs) are used for method validation , the calibration of a measurement system and all other aspects of the evaluation of the measurement system where the trueness of the measurement result is required.For other aspects , such as quality control , precision studies , the checking of the variability between operators , where the results are compared relatively , any suitable reference material can be used . ISO/REMCO, the ISO Committee on Reference Materials , has prepared ISO Guide 80, a guidance document for the in-house preparation of quality control materials ( QCMs ) .QCMs are mostly used to monitor the performance of laboratory methods that have already been validated over time to be able to detect change or when a method goes out of statistical control .QCMs are RMs and have to be sufficiently homogeneous and stable for the intended use.QCMs are usually prepared in-house by laboratory staff for in-house use only , and therefore, the requirements for “in-house” QCMs are less demanding than those for a CRM .The quality assessment of QCMs should involve homogeneity and stability assessments , and a limited characterization of the material to provide an indication of its relevant property values and their variation , prior to use.

Objective To compare the effect of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS),magnetic resonance chlangiopancreatography (MRCP) and endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERCP) in the diagnosis of suspicious intermediate choledocholithiasis.Methods One hundred and eighty-six patients with suspicious intermediate of choledocholithiasis successively received MRCP,EUS,and ERCP examination.The stone taking out by endoscopic as diagnositic standard,and the sensitivity,specificity and accuracy in different methods was compared.Results Sensitivity and accuracy of EUS was significantly higher than that of MRCP [97.5％(155/159) vs.92.5％(147/159),97.3％(181/186) vs.91.9％(171/186)](x2 =4.21,5.30,P =0.04,0.02).There was no statistically significant difference between EUS and ERCP in specificity [96.3％(26/27) vs.88.9％ (24/27)] (x2 =115.40,P ＜ 0.05).Sensitivity,specificity and accuracy of ERCP was 98.9％(184/186),98.7％(157/159) and 100.0％(27/27),and there was no difference between EUS and ERCP in the diagnosis of choledocholithiasis (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions EUS is similar with ERCP for the diagnosis of choledocholithiasis.By performing EUS or MRCP first,ERCP may be avoided in patients with suspicious intermediate choledocholithiasis.

Objective To investigate the effect of rosiglitazone on renal interstitial fibrosis in chronic cyclosporine nephropathy (CCN) rats.Methods Twenty-eight rats were randomly assigned to control group,rosiglitazone (RGZ,5 mg·kg-1·d-1) group,cyclosporine A(CsA,15 mg·kg-1·d-1) group,rosiglitazone (5 mg·kg-1·d-1) +CsA group.Real-time PCR and RT-PCR methods were used to investigate the expressions of OPN,RANTES on the 14th day and MMP-9,TIMP-1 on the 35th day in kidney of CCN respectively.Results In comparison with control group,the expressions of OPN,RANTES,MMP-9,TIMP-1 in CsA and RGZ+CsA groups were increased (P＜0.05).In comparison with the CsA group,the expressions of OPN,RANTES,MMP-9,TIMP-1 in CsA+RGZ group significantly decreased (P＜0.05).Conclusion Rosiglitazone may protect renal tissue after CCN by decreasing expressions of OPN,RANTES,MMP-9,TIPM-1.

Objective To investigate the protective effects of rosiglitazone (RSG) on normal rat kidney cells (NRK) damaged by cyclosporine A(CsA). Methods The NRK cells were cultured with CsA or with CsA plus rosiglitazone. The cellular proliferation was determined by MTT colorimetry. The mRNA expression of TGF-?1 and PPAR? was detected by RT-RCR. Protein levels of PPAR?, p-ERK,FN and AT1R were examined by Western blotting. The level of TGF-?1 in the supernatants was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA). Results CsA inhibited the proliferation of NRK cells in dose and time dependent manner (P

Objective To verify the trueness and assess the traceability of results from a routine chemistry system procedure for measurement of urea and ereatinine in serun.Methods Series of fresh frozen patieot sera,whose values of urea or creatinine were assigned by isotope dilution gas chromatography mass spectrometry (ID-GC/MS) or isotope dilution liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (ID-LC/MS/MS),were chosen to be analyzed by a routine chemistry system.The measurement results of urea and creatinine by the routine chemistry system were used for linear regression analysis against the assigned values bv the ID-MS method to calculate the percentage deviation and assess the expected bias.Results For urea and creatinine,the linear regression equations between the routine chemistry system and ID-MS methods were Y =0.9890X + 0.0192 (R2 =0.9990) and Y =0.9815X-6.4794 (R2 =0.9989),and the average percentage bias were-0.41％ (P ＞0.05) and-4.20％ (P ＜ 0.05),respectively.The expected percentage bias at three medical decision levels were-0.46％,-0.83％ and-0.96％ for urea and -15.90％,-5.87％ and-2.95％ for creatinine.Conclusions The results of urea analyzed by the routine chemistry system were consistent with the ID-MS method,which suggested that the results of the routine system procedure could be traced to ID-GC/MS method.For creatinine,the bias between the results of routine procedures and the assigned values met the minimum acceptance criteria' derived from biologic deviations,which would be better if its specificity improved.

Objective To evaluate the analytical performance of 7 homogeneous HDL-cholesterol reagents. Methods An altracentrifugation-HPLC method was used as the comparison method. Fourty fresh patient samples were analyzed by homogeneous methods and the comparison method. The homogeneous methods were all performed on a Hitachi 7170A chemistry analyzer according to the manufacturer's instructions, Precision, accuracy and total errors were analyzed. Results The homogeneous assays typically demonstrated within run coefficient variance(CV) of < 1%, and total CV of < 3%. Methods A, B and D showed average bias, bias at the medical decision points and total errors all within the NCEP performance criteria and method C and F unacceptable biases (-19.74% and 11.46%, respectively) and total errors according to the NCEP criteria. However, all the homogenous methods (A-F) had total errors of < 30%, as required by the US Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendment (CLIA). Conclusions Homogeneous HDL-C assays have been shown to be reasonably precise, but discrepant results have been observed with some of the assays. Clinical laboratories should pay more attention on selecting and validating homogeneous HDL-C reagents.