Objective To explore the characteristics of fetal movement and FHR variation elicited by acoustic stimulation and whether acoustic stimulation can replace vibroacoustic stimulation. Methods Ninety-four and seventy-six normal pregnant women for antenatal visit were recruited from the Woman's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University from April 2002 to February 2003. All subjects were divided into 5 groups to be exposed to five different intensities of acoustic stimulations at 95,100,105,110,115 dB respectively and self-control of blank and vibroacoustic stimulation were designed. The fetal movements and FHR were recorded during the study. Results (1) The percentage of fetal movement evoked by 95,100,105,110,115 dB airborne sound was 15% , 89%, 83% , 83% , 95% respectively. The total percentage of fetal movement evoked by vibroacoustic stimulation was 99% for all subjects. The percentages of evoked fetal movement by 100,105,110,115 dB airborne sound were not significantly different from those by vibroacoustic stimulation. (2)The percentages of FHR acceleration ≥15 bpm in 100,105,110 and 115 dB airborne sound groups were 39%, 61%, 56% and 85%, respectively, while 92% for all cases evoked by vibroacoustic stimulation was significantly higher than those evoked by 100,105 and 110 dB airborne sound group but with no significant difference to 115 dB airborne sound group. (3)The peak value in FHR evoked by 95,100,105, 110 and 115 dB airborne sound were -4. 5 bpm, 12 bpm, 17 bpm, 14 bpm and 20. 5 bpm, respectively. The peak FHR acceleration evoked by vibroacoustic stimulation was 23 bpm which was significantly higher than those by 100,105,110 dB airborne sound and no significant difference was detected between 115 dB airborne sound and vibroacoustic stimulation group. (4)Compared with 115 dB airborne sound, vibroacoustic stimulation evoked significantly longer duration of FHR tachycardia (42. 5 s vs 5 s, P = 0. 011) and fetal movement (270 s vs 100 s, P = 0. 000). Conclusions Acoustic stimulation at 115 dB is able to elicit efficient fetal movement and FHR acceleration without prolonged tachycardia, fetal behavioral disorganization or excessive fetal movement and is reasonable to replace vibroacoustic stimulation for awaking fetuses combined with NST.

Objective: To study the therapeutic effect of hyaluronic acid chitosan?based microemulsion ( HAC?ME) and carboplatin in a Wistar rat model bearing cerebral C6 glioma xenografts. Methods:C6 rat glioma cells were cultured normally. A total of 30 Wistar rats bearing orthotopic C6 glioma xenografts were randomly divided into 3 groups, and administrated with physiological saline, carbopl?atin or HAC?ME and carboplatin in each group. There are 10 rats in each group. The rat apoptosis changes and survival time were ob?served after treated with physiological saline, carboplatin or HAC?ME and carboplatin in each group. Results:Glioma cells were nega?tive in saline group with TUNEL staining, the nuclei of individual glioma cells in glioma tissue were stained with brown, indicating ap?optosis occur in carboplatin group, the apoptosis of glioma cells in glioma tissue significantly increased in HAC?ME and carboplatin group with TUNEL staining. The survival time in HAC?ME and carboplatin group was longer than that in saline group and carboplatin group ( P<0?05) . Conclusion:Administration of HAC?ME and carboplatin can suppress the growth of C6 glioma in rats and may pro?vide experimental basis for clinical treatment of glioma.

Objective:To explore the effect of Rho kinase inhibitor on intestinal injury in septic rats and its possible mechanism.Methods:Thirty-two male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into sham operation group (Sham group), Rho kinase inhibitor Y-27632 control group (Y+Sham group), sepsis model group [cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) group] and Y-27632 pretreatment group (Y+CLP group), with 8 rats in each group. Rat sepsis model was reproduced by CLP. The rats in the Sham group and Y+Sham group were only separated and moved the cecum without ligation and perforation. The rats in the Y+Sham group and Y+CLP group were pretreated with intraperitoneal injection of Y-27632 solution 5 mg/kg 15 minutes before operation; the rats in the Sham group and CLP group were intraperitoneally injected with the same amount of phosphate buffered saline (PBS). Twenty-four hours after operation, the heart blood was collected and the serum diamine oxidase (DAO) content was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Then the small intestine tissue was collected, the pathological changes of the intestinal tissue were observed under the light microscope after hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, and Chiu's score was performed. The positive expressions of Rho-related coiled-coil kinase 1 (ROCK1) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in intestinal tissue were detected by immunohistochemistry. ELISA was used to detect the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) in intestinal tissue homogenate.Results:The intestinal tissue structure of the Sham group and Y+Sham group was intact and the mucosa was arranged neatly. Compared with the Sham group, the intestinal mucosa of the CLP group was arranged disorderly, with a large number of inflammatory cells infiltration, and the Chiu's score was significantly increased (3.83±0.27 vs. 0.12±0.11, P < 0.05), indicating that those rats suffered from septic intestinal injury. Compared with the CLP group, the degree of necrosis of intestinal epithelial cells in the Y+CLP group was reduced, a small amount of inflammatory cells infiltration was seen, and the Chiu's score was significantly decreased (2.85±0.21 vs. 3.83±0.27, P < 0.05), indicating that Y-27632 pretreatment could alleviate intestinal injury in septic rats. Compared with the Sham group, the positive expressions of intestinal tissue ROCK1 and NF-κB, the contents of serum DAO and intestinal homogenate TNF-α in the CLP group were significantly increased [ROCK1 expression ( A value): 0.19 (0.18, 0.22) vs. 0.10 (0.09, 0.11), NF-κB expression ( A value): 0.40±0.02 vs. 0.15±0.01, DAO (ng/L): 287.81±23.31 vs. 144.92±17.72, TNF-α (ng/L): 101.08±5.62 vs. 74.81±5.56, all P < 0.05], the level of intestinal homogenate IL-10 was significantly decreased (μg/L: 55.16±5.20 vs. 95.95±7.53, P < 0.05). Compared with the CLP group, the positive expressions of intestinal tissue ROCK1, NF-κB, the contents of serum DAO and intestinal homogenate TNF-α in the Y+CLP group were significantly decreased [ROCK1 expression ( A value): 0.15 (0.13, 0.18) vs. 0.19 (0.18, 0.22), NF-κB expression ( A value): 0.28±0.01 vs. 0.40±0.02, DAO (ng/L): 243.34±19.76 vs. 287.81±23.31, TNF-α (ng/L): 90.41±8.79 vs. 101.08±5.62, all P < 0.05], while the level of intestinal homogenate IL-10 was significantly increased (μg/L: 66.15±5.74 vs. 55.16±5.20, P < 0.05), indicating that the protective effect of Y-27632 pretreatment on sepsis intestinal injury rats might be related to the regulation of RhoA/ROCK1/NF-κB signaling pathway. Conclusion:Rho kinase inhibitors can reduce intestinal injury in septic rats, and the mechanism may be related to inhibiting RhoA/ROCK1/NF-κB signaling pathway and reducing intestinal inflammation in septic rats.

Objective To explore the effect and mechanism of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. Methods Rats were divided into a sham group, MCAO group, and MCAO+TAK group. Cerebral cortices were removed on day 1, 3, 7, and 14 post surgery. Morphological staining and Western blotting were used to detect pathological changes and TLR4 and P-IKKα/β expression in brain tissues. Results The pathological changes in the MCAO+TAK group were more severe than in the MCAO group on day 1 post surgery. However, the MCAO group exhibited more severe damage at the other time points. TLR4 expression was lowest in the cerebral cortices of the sham group. On day 1 and 14 post surgery, TLR4 expression was lower in the MCAO group than in the MCAO+TAK group, while on day 3 and 7 post surgery, TLR4 expression was higher in the MCAO group than in the MCAO+TAK group. P-IKKα/β expression was highest in the cerebral cortices of the MCAO group at all time points except for day 1. Conclusion TLR4 may alleviate cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury in rats on day 1 post surgery; however, TLR4 may exacerbate ischemia repeifusion injury 3 to 14 days post surgery. The mechanism may be due to the effect of P-IKKα/β expression in the cerebral cortex.

AIM: To investigate the effect of Rho kinase inhibitor Y-27632 on acute liver injury in sepsis. METHODS: Thirty-two healthy adult male SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation group (Sham group), sham operation+Y-27632 group (Sham+Y group), cecal ligation and perforation group (CLP group) and CLP+Y-27632 group (CLP+Y-27632 group), 8 animals in each group. The rat sepsis model was established by the CLP method, and the rat was euthanized 24 hours after the model was established, and the serum and liver tissue were collected. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was used to observe the pathological changes in the liver tissue of the rats in each group; Western Blot was used to detect the expressions of ROCK1 and downstream NF-κB proteins in the liver tissue of the rats in each group; immunohistochemical method The expression of ROCK1 protein in liver tissue of rats was detected; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method was used to detect the levels of serum liver function indexes ALT and AST, and the changes of IL-18, IL-10 and GSH contents in liver tissue homogenate. RESULTS: Compared with the Sham group, there was no significant change in the histopathology of the liver in the Sham+Y group. In the CLP group, the arrangement of hepatocytes was disordered, with a large number of inflammatory cells infiltrating. Compared with the Sham group, the expression of ROCK1 protein in the CLP and CLP+Y groups was increased (P<0.05); compared with the CLP group, the ROCK1 protein expression in the CLP+Y group was decreased (P<0.05). Compared with the Sham group, the expression of NF-κB protein in the CLP and CLP+Y groups increased (P<0.05); compared with the CLP group, the NF-κB protein expression in the CLP+Y group decreased (P<0.05); A small amount of expression was found in the liver Sham group, and a large amount was expressed in the CLP group and CLP+Y group; compared with the Sham group, the serum ALT and AST levels in the CLP and CLP+Y groups were increased (P<0.05). The levels of ALT and AST in +Y group decreased (P<0.05). Compared with the Sham group, the contents of IL-18 in the liver tissue homogenate of the CLP and CLP+Y groups increased (P<0.05), while the contents of IL-10 and GSH in the liver tissue homogenate of the CLP group decreased (P<0.05). The changes of IL-10 and GSH in the group were similar (P>0.05); compared with the CLP group, the content of IL-18 in the CLP+Y group was decreased (P<0.05), and the content of IL-10 and GSH was increased (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Rho kinase inhibitor can alleviate acute liver injury in septic rats, which may be related to inhibiting the expression of ROCK1 and NF-κB proteins, reducing the inflammatory response of liver tissue, and reducing the level of liver oxidative stress.