Objective To discuss the effect of blood glucose monitoring during pregnancy and pregnancy outcome in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Methods One hundred and fifty-three GDM patients from July 2007 to July 2008 were analysed.The cases were divided into satisfactory group (74 cases)and unsatisfactory group (79 cases) based on the level of bleod glucose and compared the pregnancy outcome between the two groups. Results The incidences of pre-eclampsia, polyhydramnios, macrosomia, neonatal hypoglycemia, hyperbilirubinemia of satisfactory group were lower than those of unsatisfactory group(5.41% vs 17.72%,4.05% vs 20.25%, 12.16% vs 31.65% , 5.41% vs 20.25%,8.11% vs 30.38%). The difference is statistically significant (P <0.05). The incidence of premature rupture of membranes, premature birth, postpartum hemorrhage, fetal distress of satisfactory group were lower than those of unsatisfactory group, but there was no significant difference between the two groups. Conclusion GDM can cause great harm to maternal and child health, and satisfactory blood glucose control during pregnancy may reduce maternal and child complications.

Objective To evaluate the in vitro antibacterial activity of fusidic acid against P.acnes.Methods Fifty strains of P.acnes were clinically isolated from Huashan Hospital,Fudan University from March to September 2013.The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of several antibacterial agents including fusidic acid against these P.aches isolates were determined by using the agar dilution method according to the recommendations of Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI).Data were analyzed using the WHONET 5.4 software.Results Among the 50 P.acnes isolates,90％ were sensitive to fusidic acid,90％ to moxifloxacin,54％ to clindamycin,46％ to erythromycin,but 100％ were resistant to metronidazole.The minimum concentration required to inhibit the growth of 50％ organisms (MIC50) and 90％ organisms (MIC90) were 0.5 and 1.0 mg/L respectively for fusidic acid,whereas clindamycin and erythromycin both showed higher MIC90 values (＞ 128 mg/L).At the concentration of 128 mg/L,clindamycin inhibited the growth of 70％ of the P.acnes isolates,and erythromycin inhibited the growth of 48％ of them,while the growth of all the isolates was inhibited by fusidic acid at 2 mg/L.Conclusion Fusidic acid exhibits excellent antibacterial activity against clinical isolates of P.acnes in vitro.

Objective:To explore the effect of Rho kinase inhibitor on intestinal injury in septic rats and its possible mechanism.Methods:Thirty-two male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into sham operation group (Sham group), Rho kinase inhibitor Y-27632 control group (Y+Sham group), sepsis model group [cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) group] and Y-27632 pretreatment group (Y+CLP group), with 8 rats in each group. Rat sepsis model was reproduced by CLP. The rats in the Sham group and Y+Sham group were only separated and moved the cecum without ligation and perforation. The rats in the Y+Sham group and Y+CLP group were pretreated with intraperitoneal injection of Y-27632 solution 5 mg/kg 15 minutes before operation; the rats in the Sham group and CLP group were intraperitoneally injected with the same amount of phosphate buffered saline (PBS). Twenty-four hours after operation, the heart blood was collected and the serum diamine oxidase (DAO) content was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Then the small intestine tissue was collected, the pathological changes of the intestinal tissue were observed under the light microscope after hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, and Chiu's score was performed. The positive expressions of Rho-related coiled-coil kinase 1 (ROCK1) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in intestinal tissue were detected by immunohistochemistry. ELISA was used to detect the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) in intestinal tissue homogenate.Results:The intestinal tissue structure of the Sham group and Y+Sham group was intact and the mucosa was arranged neatly. Compared with the Sham group, the intestinal mucosa of the CLP group was arranged disorderly, with a large number of inflammatory cells infiltration, and the Chiu's score was significantly increased (3.83±0.27 vs. 0.12±0.11, P < 0.05), indicating that those rats suffered from septic intestinal injury. Compared with the CLP group, the degree of necrosis of intestinal epithelial cells in the Y+CLP group was reduced, a small amount of inflammatory cells infiltration was seen, and the Chiu's score was significantly decreased (2.85±0.21 vs. 3.83±0.27, P < 0.05), indicating that Y-27632 pretreatment could alleviate intestinal injury in septic rats. Compared with the Sham group, the positive expressions of intestinal tissue ROCK1 and NF-κB, the contents of serum DAO and intestinal homogenate TNF-α in the CLP group were significantly increased [ROCK1 expression ( A value): 0.19 (0.18, 0.22) vs. 0.10 (0.09, 0.11), NF-κB expression ( A value): 0.40±0.02 vs. 0.15±0.01, DAO (ng/L): 287.81±23.31 vs. 144.92±17.72, TNF-α (ng/L): 101.08±5.62 vs. 74.81±5.56, all P < 0.05], the level of intestinal homogenate IL-10 was significantly decreased (μg/L: 55.16±5.20 vs. 95.95±7.53, P < 0.05). Compared with the CLP group, the positive expressions of intestinal tissue ROCK1, NF-κB, the contents of serum DAO and intestinal homogenate TNF-α in the Y+CLP group were significantly decreased [ROCK1 expression ( A value): 0.15 (0.13, 0.18) vs. 0.19 (0.18, 0.22), NF-κB expression ( A value): 0.28±0.01 vs. 0.40±0.02, DAO (ng/L): 243.34±19.76 vs. 287.81±23.31, TNF-α (ng/L): 90.41±8.79 vs. 101.08±5.62, all P < 0.05], while the level of intestinal homogenate IL-10 was significantly increased (μg/L: 66.15±5.74 vs. 55.16±5.20, P < 0.05), indicating that the protective effect of Y-27632 pretreatment on sepsis intestinal injury rats might be related to the regulation of RhoA/ROCK1/NF-κB signaling pathway. Conclusion:Rho kinase inhibitors can reduce intestinal injury in septic rats, and the mechanism may be related to inhibiting RhoA/ROCK1/NF-κB signaling pathway and reducing intestinal inflammation in septic rats.

AIM: To investigate the effect of Rho kinase inhibitor Y-27632 on acute liver injury in sepsis. METHODS: Thirty-two healthy adult male SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation group (Sham group), sham operation+Y-27632 group (Sham+Y group), cecal ligation and perforation group (CLP group) and CLP+Y-27632 group (CLP+Y-27632 group), 8 animals in each group. The rat sepsis model was established by the CLP method, and the rat was euthanized 24 hours after the model was established, and the serum and liver tissue were collected. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was used to observe the pathological changes in the liver tissue of the rats in each group; Western Blot was used to detect the expressions of ROCK1 and downstream NF-κB proteins in the liver tissue of the rats in each group; immunohistochemical method The expression of ROCK1 protein in liver tissue of rats was detected; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method was used to detect the levels of serum liver function indexes ALT and AST, and the changes of IL-18, IL-10 and GSH contents in liver tissue homogenate. RESULTS: Compared with the Sham group, there was no significant change in the histopathology of the liver in the Sham+Y group. In the CLP group, the arrangement of hepatocytes was disordered, with a large number of inflammatory cells infiltrating. Compared with the Sham group, the expression of ROCK1 protein in the CLP and CLP+Y groups was increased (P<0.05); compared with the CLP group, the ROCK1 protein expression in the CLP+Y group was decreased (P<0.05). Compared with the Sham group, the expression of NF-κB protein in the CLP and CLP+Y groups increased (P<0.05); compared with the CLP group, the NF-κB protein expression in the CLP+Y group decreased (P<0.05); A small amount of expression was found in the liver Sham group, and a large amount was expressed in the CLP group and CLP+Y group; compared with the Sham group, the serum ALT and AST levels in the CLP and CLP+Y groups were increased (P<0.05). The levels of ALT and AST in +Y group decreased (P<0.05). Compared with the Sham group, the contents of IL-18 in the liver tissue homogenate of the CLP and CLP+Y groups increased (P<0.05), while the contents of IL-10 and GSH in the liver tissue homogenate of the CLP group decreased (P<0.05). The changes of IL-10 and GSH in the group were similar (P>0.05); compared with the CLP group, the content of IL-18 in the CLP+Y group was decreased (P<0.05), and the content of IL-10 and GSH was increased (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Rho kinase inhibitor can alleviate acute liver injury in septic rats, which may be related to inhibiting the expression of ROCK1 and NF-κB proteins, reducing the inflammatory response of liver tissue, and reducing the level of liver oxidative stress.

Early weaned piglets suffer from oxidative stress and enteral infection, which usually results in gut microbial dysbiosis, serve diarrhea, and even death. Rice bran oil (RBO), a polyphenol-enriched by-product of rice processing, has been shown to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties both in vivo and in vitro. Here, we ascertained the proper RBO supplementation level, and subsequently determined its effects on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced intestinal dysfunction in weaned piglets. A total of 168 piglets were randomly allocated into four groups of seven replicates (42 piglets each group, (21±1) d of age, body weight (7.60±0.04) kg, and half males and half females) and were given basal diet (Ctrl) or basal diet supplemented with 0.01% (mass fraction) RBO (RBO1), 0.02% RBO (RBO2), or 0.03% RBO (RBO3) for 21 d. Then, seven piglets from the Ctrl and the RBO were treated with LPS (100 μg/kg body weight (BW)) as LPS group and RBO+LPS group, respectively. Meanwhile, seven piglets from the Ctrl were treated with the saline vehicle (Ctrl group). Four hours later, all treated piglets were sacrificed for taking samples of plasma, jejunum tissues, and feces. The results showed that 0.02% was the optimal dose of dietary RBO supplementation based on diarrhea, average daily gain, and average daily feed intake indices in early weaning piglets. Furthermore, RBO protected piglets against LPS-induced jejunal epithelium damage, which was indicated by the increases in villus height, villus height/crypt depth ratio, and Claudin-1 levels, as well as a decreased level of jejunal epithelium apoptosis. RBO also improved the antioxidant ability of LPS-challenged piglets, which was indicated by the elevated concentrations of catalase and superoxide dismutase, and increased total antioxidant capacity, as well as the decreased concentrations of diamine oxidase and malondialdehyde in plasma. Meanwhile, RBO improved the immune function of LPS-challenged weaned piglets, which was indicated by elevated immunoglobulin A (IgA), IgM, β‍‍-defensin-1, and lysozyme levels in the plasma. In addition, RBO supplementation improved the LPS challenge-induced dysbiosis of gut microbiota. Particularly, the indices of antioxidant capacity, intestinal damage, and immunity were significantly associated with the RBO-regulated gut microbiota. These findings suggested that 0.02% RBO is a suitable dose to protect against LPS-induced intestinal damage, oxidative stress, and jejunal microbiota dysbiosis in early weaned piglets.
Male ; Female ; Swine ; Animals ; Lipopolysaccharides/toxicity* ; Antioxidants/pharmacology* ; Rice Bran Oil ; Dysbiosis ; Dietary Supplements ; Diarrhea/veterinary* ; Weaning ; Body Weight